Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Molecules governing cellular interactions have been suggested to be involved in the spurious elevation of alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) in non-neoplastic liver disease. To explore this controversial issue, we measured AFP, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1), and common liver function tests in 111 patients (71 male, 40 female). Eighty-four patients had non-neoplastic chronic liver disease and 27 had hepatocellular carcinoma. The concentration of cICAM-1 was determined immunoenzymatically. In patients with non-neoplastic chronic liver disease, univariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between AFP and cholinesterase (R = -0.397, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (R = 0.421, P < 0.001), bilirubin (R = 0.231, P < 0.05) and cICAM-1 (R = 0.430, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis among these variables and AFP indicated cICAM-1 to be the strongest independent predictor of AFP. We conclude that cICAM-1 compares favourably with liver function tests in predicting non-specific AFP variations in non-neoplastic chronic liver disease, suggesting a link between targeting of the inflammatory damage to the hepatocyte and development of neoplasia.
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PMID:Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 predicts non-specific elevation of alpha 1-fetoprotein. 864 48

In order to elucidate the clinical significance of serum hyaluronan in chronic viral hepatitis, serum hyaluronan concentrations were measured using a sandwich enzyme binding assay in 115 patients with chronic viral hepatitis. These findings were examined in relation to the results of laboratory liver tests, levels of serum markers for fibrosis and liver histological findings. Serum hyaluronan levels increased with the progress of liver disease, particularly in liver cirrhosis. There were no significant differences in serum hyaluronan levels among the cirrhotic patients according to Child's grade. Multivariate analysis showed that the significant independent predictors of serum hyaluronan were serum aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.020), serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.008), serum cholinesterase (P < 0.001), particularly serum type IV collagen 7S domain (P < 0.0001), and the histological degree of liver fibrosis (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that elevated serum hyaluronan levels are closely related to the severity of liver fibrosis. We assessed the predictive value of serum hyaluronan in differentiating cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis, constructing receiver operating curves; we found that serum hyaluronan was a better test for diagnosing cirrhosis than serum type IV collagen 7S domain and laboratory liver tests.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum hyaluronan in patients with chronic viral liver disease. 874 18

Concentrations of 34 biochemical constituents of sera were determined on 998 randomly selected urban school children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Zagreb, Croatia. Reference intervals were obtained by using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of distribution as upper and lower normal reference intervals, according to the IFCC recommendations. These were compared to reference intervals in the healthy adult population, aged 20-30 years from the same geographical area. Serum glucose, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, total serum proteins and electrophoretic fractions, and amylase, did not show age or sex differences; total serum bilirubin, total calcium, phosphate, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, copper, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase had higher reference intervals than the adult population. Urea, creatinine, urate, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides had lower reference intervals than the adult population.
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PMID:Pediatric reference intervals for 34 biochemical analytes in urban school children and adolescents. 967 91

In recent decades, because considerable progress has been made due to rapid developments in basic theory and techniques in molecular biology and immunology, the determination of trace enzyme proteins is not difficult. We measured the serum concentration of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) mitochondria aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) and cholinesterase (ChE) immunologically and compared these findings with those of an assay of enzyme activity. Purification of enzyme protein and preparation of serum antibodies monoclonal antibodies established the immunological assay methods. Equipment and reagents for enzyme activity test use 7150 Biochemical Analyzer. CK-NAC AST and ChE were produced by trace kits (Australia). CK-MB and m-AST use immunological inhibition method. CK-MB m-AST ChE of protein determination used immunological turbidimetry. The normal group included 150 cases and the 1990 patient group. Results of the two methods did not significantly differ for normal controls, but were significantly different in the patient group. These results demonstrated that the two methods differ, although each may have specific clinical significance. How to evaluate these differences needs to be studied further, but immunological assay uses higher values for clinical diagnosis than enzyme activity assay.
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PMID:[Determination enzyme protein of CK-MB m-AST and ChE by immunological methods and survey of its applying values]. 972 41

Developing animals and invertebrate are markedly more sensitive to acute toxicity through exposure to insecticides. Varieties of insecticides are used for hygienic control in Makkah holy places. The present study examines the acute effects of commonly used insecticides in Makkah area. Rosfin as an organophosphorus, Airlen as a pyrethroid and Sulvac as a carbamate derivative were tested for their effects on vital activities, hepatic transaminases, serum triglycerides and acetyl cholinesterase activity of rabbits. The insecticides were tested in same and double concentration used for insect control by Makkah's municipal authorities. Compressed air was used as a source of pressure for spraying wooden boxes designed for habitation of animals during the experiments. There were no significant changes in vital activities of rabbits in both concentrations. However, serum glutamate pyuvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) showed irregular changes (mild decrease or increase) in all groups, while triglyceride showed mild rise after six days exposure in case of double concentration. Acetyl cholinesterase showed mild increase in activity after five minutes incubation time, but there was unnoticed increase in activity after 15, 25, 35 and 45 minutes of incubation. In case of Airlen, the activity increased after five minutes of incubation and decreased thereafter. In conclusion, insecticides used in the holy places of Makkah area have no apparent effects on vital activity, acetyl cholinesterase activity and showed no significant effect on rabbit hepatic transaminases and serum triglyceride.
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PMID:Effect of insecticides on vital activity, hepatic enzymes and red blood cell acetyl cholinesterase activity of rabbits in Makkah. 974 1

Machine autotransfusion using cell-saver is a well-established method of saving homologous blood during extensive surgical procedures. The processing of blood may induce the initiation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the release of hepatotoxic products. A series of 42 patients undergoing primary (n = 20) or revision (n = 22) hip arthroplasty comprised the study group. Patients received an average of 1,260 ml of autologous blood and 2.2 units of homologous packed cells. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as LPO metabolites was measured in the patients' plasma, in the autologous packed cells as well as in the supernatants of the cell-saver-processed blood. Additionally, parameters of iron metabolism, haemoglobin levels, haematocrit as well as the activities of so-called liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and cholinesterase were determined. An initiation of LPO was detectable during the process of machine autotransfusion, but this took place mainly ex vivo. High concentrations of TBARS were detectable in the supernatants after cell-separation processing. We observed a decline in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit during the perioperative period. Postoperatively, we found a significant iron deficiency as a consequence of the perioperative blood loss. There was not sufficient evidence of a postoperative liver disorder induced by toxic metabolites of LPO. To sum up, there is only a low contamination of the organism with LPO products during the process of machine autotransfusion. Therefore, an induction of liver damage seems to be improbable.
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PMID:[Initiation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood during intraoperative mechanical autotransfusion--is hepatotoxicity of lipid peroxidation products of clinical significance?]. 1081 96

The serum protein designated 90K/Mac-2BP has been found at elevated concentrations in the sera of patients with various types of cancer and viral infections. The importance of the 90K/Mac-2BP serum concentrations in predicting the response towards interferon-alpha treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prompted us to utilize a new ELISA for soluble human 90K/Mac-2BP to monitor the serum concentrations of this protein in our HCV-positive patients. Seventy HCV-PCR and anti-HCV antibody positive patients were analyzed for their serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cholinesterase, HCV-viral load, viral subtypes, and 90K/Mac-2BP. On correlation of age and 90K/Mac-2BP levels, we found an apparent correlation that was proved rather to be a strong dependence of 90K/Mac-2BP concentrations on disease severity/duration, which increases with age. Multiple correlation analysis demonstrated the independent nature of 90K/Mac-2BP concentrations, underscoring the potential high utility of this new marker. Our data corroborate the potential of the scavenger receptor family protein 90K/Mac-2BP as an independent predictor of disease severity during HCV infection.
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PMID:Serum protein 90K/Mac-2BP is an independent predictor of disease severity during hepatitis C virus infection. 1090 55

The influence of sodium fluoride on the course of repair process in the mechanically injured rat bone was studied. Thirty six male Wistar rats aged 5 months, weighing 460-540 g were investigated. The animals lived under standard conditions and were fed ad libidum with the standard LSM food including 0.7 mg/kg of fluorine on the average. The animals randomly divided into 3 groups that comprised study and control groups, 6 rats each. The rats in the first group were given water with 20 mg (1.05 mmol) of sodium fluoride per kg of body weight for 24 h over a period of 2 weeks--group Ia. In the second group--IIa--animals were given water with sodium fluoride at a dose of 1.5 mmol/kg b.w./24 h for a period of 4 weeks. In the third group--IIIa--the animals were given sodium fluoride in a dose of 1.5 mmol/kg b.w./24 h for a period of 6 weeks. The rats from the control groups I, II and III were given water without sodium fluoride for the period of 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment a hole was drilled in both femoral bones in rat under barbiturate anaesthesia. According to the protocol the rats underwent ether euthanasia after 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery and the following samples were collected: blood from the heart for biochemical studies and both femoral bones for biochemical and histological studies. The following parameters were evaluated in blood serum: fluorine, calcium, magnesium contents, serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, bilirubin and activity levels of enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase, base phosphatase. Fluorine, calcium magnesium and zinc contents were estimated in bone samples. The concentration of fluorine ions in animal serum after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of experiment increased significantly as compared with the corresponding controls. The highest fluorine concentrations were observed in serum of rats supplemented with NaF for 6 weeks. The fluorine concentrations in the bone tissue and fresh and dried granulation tissues in all studied groups also revealed statistically significant increase as compared to the controls. The rats fed with sodium fluoride for the period of 6 weeks revealed statistically significant increase of serum magnesium concentration as compared to the remaining study groups. Bone magnesium concentrations in animals fed with NaF for the period of 2 and 6 weeks were higher as compared to the corresponding control groups, with the highest differences observed after 6 weeks of experiment. Animals fed with sodium fluoride for the period of 6 weeks revealed increased serum calcium concentrations as compared to the study groups after 2 and 4 weeks of experiment. Similar results were achieved in bone tissue samples (Fig. 1 and 2, Tab. 1-6). Basing on the achieved results in biochemical studies and histological pictures it should be assumed that laboratory animals fed with sodium fluoride in doses recognised as non-toxic reveal intensified healing process within mechanically injured bones. The use of sodium fluoride led to accelerated chondrogenesis process in the area of insufficiently perfused bone, osteogenesis including temporary callus formation and mineralization of the new bone, as well as remodelling into mature lamellar bone. The greatest differences in the repair dynamics for both groups occurred between the second and fourth week of experiment. These results could be the base of clinical studies on application of the sodium fluoride in the acceleration of fracture healing.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the repair process in mechanically injured rat bone stimulated by sodium fluoride with non-toxic doses]. 1090 90

Inter-laboratory variations in data obtained from surveillance in Japan were studied. The items evaluated were related to liver function and were as follows: total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), cholinesterase (CHE), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatitis markers. Inter-laboratory coefficients of variations for bilirubin, AST and ALT were acceptable, being less than 10%. but higher variations were found for thle other enzyme assays. Detection of hepatitis markers was acceptable. However. even for parameters with lower inter-laboratory variation, differences in obtained values among different reagents or methods still existed. Thus, standardization will be needed for laboratory data in Japan, and this will contribute to international standardization in laboratory medicine in the future.
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PMID:Current status of liver function tests in Japan. 1092 68

Methidathion (MD) [ O, O-dimethyl S-(2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate] is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) in agriculture and public health programmes. We have, therefore, examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of MD on the serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE), enzymes concerning liver damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO; only in vivo), and have evaluated the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity. The in vivo experimental groups were: control group, MD-treated group (MD), and a group treated with MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C (MD+Vit). The MD and MD+Vit groups were treated orally with a single dose of 8 mg MD/kg body weight at 0 h. Vitamin E and vitamin C were injected at doses of 150 mg/kg body weight i.m. and 200 mg/kg body weight i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment with MD in the MD+Vit group. Blood samples were taken 24 h after the MD administration. For in vitro study, venous blood samples were obtained from volunteers, and serum recovered. The activities of serum enzymes were determined in each sample and these served as 0 h values. Each sample was divided into four portions, each of which served as one of the experimental groups, as follows: control group, vitamin E plus vitamin C group (Vit), MD-treated group (MD) and MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C group (MD+Vit). Vitamin E and vitamin C were added at doses of 7.5 and 10 micro g/ml, respectively, into the Vit and MD+Vit groups. MD was added at doses of 0.4 mg/ml into the MD and MD+Vit groups. The activities of serum enzymes were determined in each sample at 24 h. The results of the in vivo experiment demonstrated that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in the MD group compared with the control group, and decreased in the MD+Vit group compared with MD group. ChE activity was decreased in both MD and MD+Vit groups compared with controls and increased in the MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with the control group. AST activity was decreased in MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was decreased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with control group. The results of in vitro experiment showed that all enzyme activities remained unchanged in both the control and Vit groups compared with values at 0 h. The activities of ChE, ALT and LDH were decreased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with 0 h values. There was no significant difference between the MD and MD+Vit groups. The activities of AST, ALP and GGT remained unchanged in all groups. From these results, it can be concluded that MD caused liver damage, and LPO may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in MD-induced toxicity. Single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C after the administration of MD can reduce LPO caused by MD.
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PMID:The effects of methidathion on lipid peroxidation and some liver enzymes: role of vitamins E and C. 1218 16


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