Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were made on why glycyrrhizin injection decreases the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase activities in patients with chronic hepatitis. For this, rat hepatocytes were isolated, and incubated with antibody raised against rat liver cell membranes, and the effect of glycyrrhizin on their release of transaminase was investigated. Isolated rat hepatocytes released AST on incubation with anti-liver cell antibody in the presence of complement. At this time, their endogenous phospholipase A2 activity was increased. Cultured hepatocytes also released the transaminase in the presence of venom phospholipase A2. Glycyrrhizin suppressed the release of transaminase in the presence of either anti-liver cell membrane antibody or phospholipase A2. These results suggest that antibody treatment raised the phospholipase A2 activity in liver cell membranes, resulting in release of transaminases, and that glycyrrhizin suppressed this increase in phospholipase A2 activity and so inhibited the release of transaminase.
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PMID:Effect of glycyrrhizin on lysis of hepatocyte membranes induced by anti-liver cell membrane antibody. 154 63

This study has measured the pattern of elevated serum enzyme activity (ESEA) during extended daily training in a dose-response manner and compared ESEA to the pattern of accumulated fitness and fatigue predicted from a mathematical model previously described. Blood samples were taken regularly during the study from each subject and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum was measured. Although no single physiological/biochemical correlate of the hypothesized fatigue compartment of performance is firmly identified it is significant that the pattern of variation of model fatigue and ESEA throughout training were similar although slightly out of phase. With continued hard training, model fatigue began to plateau and concomitantly ESEA declined exponentially from its initial high value in early training. During relative rest throughout a tapering period following training both ESEA and fatigue reverted quickly towards baseline and follow the similar but earlier time course in blood of a degradative membrane enzyme phospholipase A2 observed in clinical studies.
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PMID:Dose/response effects of exercise modeled from training: physical and biochemical measures. 164 35

The proposed system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities is based primarily on the electrochemical behaviour of thiol compounds, and the experimental equipment is extremely simple. The determination of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity is described. The normal values obtained for men (73.9, s +/- 10.3 microkat/l) and for women (71.1, s +/- 10.2 microkat/l), lie within the usual range of analogous photometric methods. Systems for determination of the activities of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) are described. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) is determined by a combination of enzyme reactions, in which CoA is released from acetyl-CoA. Analogous procedures are discussed for determinations of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), lipase (EC 3.1.1.2), and phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) activities, and for determination of substrates, e.g., acetate and carnitine. Possible determinations of an additional 199 enzyme activities and of some of substrates are suggested. By determining electrochemically active groups other than thiols this method becomes almost universally applicable.
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PMID:New system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities and determination of some substrates. 344 Aug 58

Reoxygenation of rat-liver mitochondria after anoxic incubation induced release of matrix proteins. As assessed by release of a matrix enzyme, it was proportional to the rate of H2O2 production. The release was not observed with low concentrations of extramitochondrial free Ca2+, indicating a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway. Phospholipase A2 was not involved in the reoxygenation injury, because non-esterified fatty acids did not increase on reoxygenation even when re-acylation was inhibited and because inhibitors of phospholipase A2 had little effect on enzyme release. Cyclosporin A, ATP, ADP and inhibitors of pyridine nucleotide oxidation had a protective effect, strongly suggesting involvement of so-called Ca(2+)-dependent permeability transition. Ca2+ was also released from reoxygenated mitochondria and inhibition of reuptake of released Ca2+ attenuated the enzyme release. Similar releases of aspartate aminotransferase and Ca2+ were observed with mitochondria in an oxygen radical-generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. In this system, lecithin-cardiolipin liposomes also released entrapped Ca2+ without disruption of the membrane. From these results, we conclude that during reoxygenation, Ca2+ release and subsequent reuptake induced permeability transition of mitochondria, resulting in reoxygenation injury.
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PMID:Ca(2+)-induced, phospholipase-independent injury during reoxygenation of anoxic mitochondria. 841 80

Some possible biological and biochemical effects of Sistrurus Malarius Barbouri (SMB) crude venom were investigated. The acute median lethal doses of the venom under investigation were found to be 14.4 and 9.72 microg/g body weight (b.w.), respectively, in rats on i.p. administration. The possible neurotoxicity of acute, subchronic and chronic doses was investigated in-vivo and in-vitro. The venom at a dose level of 2 microg/g b.w. significantly impaired motor coordination, learning and retention, spontaneous activity and produced behavioural changes, muscle weakness and loss of righting reflex in mice. The same dose also produced a significant decrease in body temperature and inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of the isolated smooth (rabbit intestine) and skeletal (frog rectus abdominis) muscles and impaired transmission at the nerve muscle synapse of the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The effects of the acute sublethal and chronic doses on carbohydrate metabolism revealed a hyperglycemic effect associated with a diminution of liver and muscle glycogen, while its effects on blood electrolytes (sodium and potassium) showed a significant elevation in the blood sodium level and a significant reduction in that of potassium. Serum enzymes were also affected. Levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were moderately increased. The crude venom had an aggregatory effect on platelets and had also a phospholipase A2 activity while, on the other hand, it showed no L-amino acid oxidase activity. Testing of the effect of the venom on the plasma recalcification time showed that the venom had an anticoagulant effect in case of high dose (200 microg), while a coagulant effect was produced at a low dose of the venom (2.5 microg). SMB venom at a dose level of 1.94 microg/g b.w. (LD10) was found to exhibit no significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth when injected into mice.
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PMID:An in vitro and in vivo study of some biological and biochemical effects of Sistrurus Malarius Barbouri venom. 1052 Nov 45

In the present study, some biochemical properties and pathological effects of Daboia russelli venom from Burdwan district of West Bengal, eastern India are presented. The clinical features of Russell's viper envenomation observed in patients admitted to Burdwan Medical College & Hospital are also reported. In vitro, whole venom exerts strong trypsin inhibitory, phospholipase A2 and procoagulant activities in addition to moderate adenosine monophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activities. Lethality (LD50) of this venom sample is 0.7 mg kg (i.v.) of mice. Significant local tissue damaging effects including edema, hemorrhage and necrosis are observed in experimental animal models. An increase in the level of serum enzymes, such as aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase after D. russelli venom injection in albino rats is indicative of cell or tissue damage. High incidence of intravascular hemolysis in addition to hemostasis, haemoptysis and haematuria are observed as the most prominent features of RVV envenomation from this part of India. The present study reinforces the hypothesis that variation in the venom composition of RVV from eastern India with respect to venom samples of Russell's vipers from other parts of India is responsible for the differences in the clinical manifestation in patients from eastern India.
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PMID:Some biochemical properties of Russell's viper (Daboia russelli) venom from Eastern India: correlation with clinico-pathological manifestation in Russell's viper bite. 1066 98

In the present study, we investigated the effect of raw as well as thermally oxidized sunflower oil (commercially available) on ethanol induced hepatotoxicity. Ethanol was given to animals at a level of 20% and sunflower oil at a level of 15%. Results show higher activity of plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and also higher levels of plasma and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides both in alcohol+raw as well as thermally oxidized oil groups. The level of cholesterol and triglycerides increased significantly in the liver of rats given alcohol alone, alcohol and raw as well as thermally oxidized oil but the level of phospholipids decreased. The activity of phospholipase A and phospholipase C in liver was found to be increased significantly in alcohol alone, alcohol+oil groups as compared to control group. Histopathological changes in the liver of alcohol and alcohol+oil groups were in good correlation with biochemical parameters. The liver samples of alcohol administered rats showed both microvesicular and macrovescicular type of fatty changes, where as alcohol+oil fed groups showed inflammatory cell infiltrate in the portal triad, microvesicular and macrovesicular type of fatty changes and feathery degeneration of hepatocytes. Studies on the phospholipid fatty acid composition in the liver showed the presence of a number of fatty acids in the alcohol and oil treated groups, which are not present in the control group. The results obtained thus indicate hepatotoxic and hyperlipidaemic effects of alcohol and oil given together.
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PMID:Toxic effects of sunflower oil on ethanol treated rats. 1227 Jul 41

Quantitative determination of newly reported enzymes activity in the crude skin toxin (CST) of catfish revealed highest activities of hyaluronidase and lipase, lesser activities of phospholipase A2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase (CE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST), and least activities of proteinase and 5-nucleotidase (5'-NT). The CST has a hemolytic activity of 54% and no ichthyotoxicity up to 500 ug/ml. The chosen dose of CST (LD12.5) showed a potential cytotoxic activity against solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice demonstrated by an increase in the mean survival time (238.8%) and tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C) of 73%. The CST ameliorated the relative weights of heart and liver after three weeks, while modulating the elevation in the relative spleen weight throughout the treatment periods (three, six, and nine weeks). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and liver total lipids were normalized after three weeks, whereas the serum albumin and hepatic glycogen concentrations, as well as ALT, AST, 5'-NT, and G-6-Pase activities were ameliorated after 6 weeks. Serum levels of glucose, LDH, and creatine kinase (CK) activities were significantly modulated throughout the treatment periods. Histological examinations of the tumor and liver tissues of treated tumor-bearing animals were carried out. Tumor tissues showed many cytolytic and cytopathic changes after treatment, while liver tissues showed moderate dysplastic changes after six weeks of treatment, which became more marked after nine weeks.
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PMID:Biological activities of the crude skin toxin of the Suez Gulf oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus) and its antitumor effect in vivo (mice). 1250 71

It is a known fact that ethanol increases lipid levels in humans and experimental animals. In this study, we have investigated the effect of dendrodoine analogue (DA), DA-[4-amino-5-benzoyl-2-(4-methoxyphenylamino)-thiazole], on alcohol- and thermally oxidized sunflower oil-induced hyperlipidemia. Ethanol was given to animals at a dose of 5 ml of 20% solution and thermally oxidized sunflower oil at a level of 15% (15 g oil/100 g feed). Our results showed increased activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in the plasma of groups given alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol + thermally oxidized oil when compared with normal control group. The levels of tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol and triglycerides were increased significantly in groups treated with alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol + thermally oxidized oil when compared with normal control rats. The levels were decreased when DA was given along with alcohol and thermally oxidized oil. The level of phospholipids decreased significantly in the liver and kidney of rats administered alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol + thermally oxidized oil when compared with normal control rats. The level increased when DA was administered along with alcohol and thermally oxidized oil. The activity of phospholipase A and C increased significantly in the liver of groups given alcohol, thermally oxidized oil and alcohol + thermally oxidized oil when compared with normal control rats, whereas the activity was decreased upon DA treatment. The obtained results indicate that DA can decrease the lipid levels in alcohol- and thermally oxidized oil-treated rats.
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PMID:Role of an aminothiazole derivative on ethanol- and thermally oxidized sunflower oil-induced toxicity. 1515 74

We investigated the efficacy of a potent inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), S-5920/LY315920Na, in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in rats. Combined intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate (5 mg/rat) and porcine pancreatic sPLA2-IB (300 microg/rat) caused severe hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis resulting in high mortality, along with rapid increases of catalytic PLA2 and lipase activities in plasma and ascites and with gradual increases of plasma amylase and aspartate aminotransferase levels over 9 h after the pancreatitis. Prophylactic intravenous treatment with S-5920/LY315920Na significantly reduced mortality at 7 days, and strongly abrogated PLA2 activities in both plasma and ascites along with significant reduction of lipase activity, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemorrhage at 6 h. It also significantly reduced histological damage such as edema and parenchymal and fat necroses of the pancreatic tissue. This sPLA2 inhibitor could become an effective agent for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Effect of a selective inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2, S-5920/LY315920Na, on experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. 1546 63


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