Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a subgroup of patients with fulminant hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, manifesting extreme elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; SGOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and abnormal mental status. These gravidas are at high risk for mortality. Only four patients treated by the authors over a 10-year period have had AST more than 2000 IU/L and LDH more than 3000 IU/L in the HELLP syndrome. This report is based on retrospective chart review. All patients manifested disordered mental status, jaundice, intense hemolysis, and extreme hypertension. One patient had developed multiple organ system failure, was moribund at initial perinatal consultation, and died. The three others were treated with aggressive afterload reduction and plasma infusion or plasmapheresis; two survived. Fulminant HELLP syndrome occurs rarely, but marks a group of patients at high risk for mortality. Optimal therapy is unclear; early intervention, including afterload reduction, volume expansion, and consideration of plasma infusions or plasmapheresis, is recommended.
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PMID:Severe preeclampsia with fulminant and extreme elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels: high risk for maternal death. 854 Sep 29

The consequences upon the liver of the simultaneous action of alcohol and of tobacco smoke substances were evaluated. The clinical and biochemical alterations shown by 18 alcoholics non smokers were compared to those shown by 36 alcoholics smokers, taken from a population of 189 male patients admitted into a psychiatric hospital for alcoholism treatment. The smokers, relative to the non smokes, had lower average age and earlier onset of alcoholism, drank greater quantities of alcohol per day and in shorter periods, and showed between others biochemical plasmatic alterations, more elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (with AST/ALT ratio greater) and alkaline phosphatase, suggestive of more pronounced hepatic aggression.
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PMID:[Alcohol-smoking interaction in hepatic lesions]. 857 89

Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) has been tested in animals as an oxygen-carrying red cell substitute and has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The effects of LEH on immune responses have not been studied thoroughly in any well-controlled model. Using a murine model, we evaluated nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as well as immune function parameters following LEH administration. Following intravenous administration of LEH, 1) a serum spike of interleukin-6 (IL-6) occurred in mice at 4-8 hours, with no elevation of IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); 2) the serum liver function enzymes SGOT (AST, aspartate aminotransferase) and SGPT (ALT, alanine aminotransferase) were elevated at 48 hours; 3) only a slight increase in serum antibody to bovine hemoglobin was observed; and 4) increased hematopoietic activity was observed in the spleen and bone marrow. The finding that only IL-6 but not the associated TNF, IL-1, or IFN-gamma is secreted in vivo following LEH administration is novel and may have significance in defining the mechanisms underlying specific adverse responses observed with LEH administration in animals.
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PMID:Multiple responses to administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH): Effects on hematopoiesis and serum IL-6 levels. 859 72

Serum lipid profile is, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides and serum cardiac enzymes ie, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) levels were estimated in 50 cases of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) consisting of 26 cases of cerebral haemorrhage and 24 cases of cerebral thrombosis. All analyses were made on day 1 and day 7. Serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides levels were significantly higher in CVA patients on day 1. Lipid level fell significantly on day 7 in respect to day 1. On comparing the lipid levels between cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis, no significant difference was observed. Cardiac enzymes like CPK and CPK-MB were significantly raised whereas, AST/SGOT and LDH were marginally raised on day 1 in CVA patients. However, there was no change in cardiac enzyme levels between cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of serum lipid profile and cardiac enzyme changes in cerebrovascular accidents. 864 51

Advances in liver surgery and transplantation have lead to a steady increase in the number of these interventions. Prompt quantitative assessment of hepatic of hepatic function and a patient's subsequent morbidity and mortality following surgery remain difficult despite the currently utilized historic markers of hepatic parenchymal injury (e.g., aspartate transaminase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]). Increases in serum glycohydrolase activities appear to provide sensitive and quantitative markers of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. In 10 male swine (25 to 35 kg body weight) following 30, 45, and 90 minutes of acute hepatic ischemia, the systemic release of eight different glycohydrolases and lipid peroxides into serum were determined and compared with pre- and postischemic serum levels of LDH, GGT, and AST. The rapid release of glycohydrolases into serum was directly proportional to the length of the ischemic period from 30 to 90 minutes; e.g., beta-glucosidase, mean 1.9-fold increase at 30 minutes; 8.3-fold at 45 minutes; and 22.8-fold at 90 minutes; P < .002) and the activities peaked within the first 3 hours postischemia. In constrast, AST, LDH, and GGT were released slowly and peaked 20 to 30 hours after hepatic blood flow was restored. In swine with fatal outcomes (90 minutes of ischemia), all enzyme levels increased continuously during the final hours of life. However, in swine that survived hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (45 minutes of ischemia) the glycohydrolases, but not AST, LDH, and GGT, declined after 2 to 3 hours' postischemia and the serum lipid peroxide levels followed the same pattern. Serum beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase levels are sensitive markers that rise as quickly as traditional enzyme markers (AST, LDH, GGT) following hepatic ischemic injury; moreover, the glycohydrolases have the added value of serving as predictors of survival.
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PMID:Glycohydrolases as markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovery. 870 56

Twenty-four nursing college students aged 16 and 17 years were selected as research subjects and divided into two groups. Group A comprised 12 individuals who were trained for short distance running (5km/day) over a four-week period, while group B was trained for middle distance running (7km/day) during the same period. Blood AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and lactate were performed at rest (before training) and after exercise every week. After both short and middle distance exercise training, the lactate values after 1-3 week(s) training period were persistently higher than those before training and the differences between then are significant. However, the lactate value after 4 weeks training period is lower than that after the third week training. There are significant differences between the AST values after 1-4 week(s) training period and those before exercise in short distance exercise training. There are no significant differences between the AST values after training and those before exercise in middle distance exercise training. The ALT values after 1-4 week(s) training period were lower than those before exercise in short and middle distance exercise training. In conclusion, after 4 weeks training, the lactate and AST values can't reduce to those before training in middle distance exercise training, and the lactate value in short distance exercise training is the same as former. Further investigation is needed.
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PMID:[The effect of blood AST, ALT and lactate after short and middle distance exercise training]. 881 58

Eighty liver allografts were studied to determine the predictive value of intraoperative biopsies and postoperative liver function tests for the development of preservation injury (PI). Peak transaminase (aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine transaminase [ALT]) and prothrombin time (PT) values achieved by each patient during postoperative days (POD) 1 through 7 were determined. PI in day 0 preperfusion biopsies (0Pre) (obtained immediately before implantation) and postperfusion biopsies (0Post) (obtained immediately after revascularization) was categorized by histological criteria as present or absent. PI in biopsies taken during POD 2 through 14 was histologically graded as either moderate-to-severe, mild, or absent. Of the 80 allografts, 8 were omitted because of primary nonfunction or postoperative complications. 0Pre and 0Post biopsies were available on 25 of 72 (35%) and 69 of 72 (96%) allografts, respectively. Only 2 (8%) of the 0Pre biopsies showed histological PI compared with 48 (70%) of the 0Post biopsies. Fifty-nine patients were biopsied between POD 2 through 14. Of these, 15, 28, and 16 patients developed moderate-to-severe, mild, or no evidence of PI, respectively. The presence of PI in the 0Post biopsy strongly correlated with the development of PI during POD 2 through 14 (P < .0005). Peak AST and ALT values in patients with moderate-to-severe PI on POD 2 through 14 were significantly elevated compared with those patients with either mild (P = .01 and .03) or no PI (P = .02 and .006). Because of extensive overlap in AST and ALT values between the three groups, however, transaminase values were not useful in predicting the presence or absence of PI in the individual case. The development of PI during POD 2 through 14 correlated with advanced donor age (P = .06) but was unassociated with 0Pre biopsy findings, cold ischemia time, or peak PT values. We conclude that the 0Post biopsy is a valuable tool for the prediction of subsequent PI in the early postoperative period. In contrast, 0Pre biopsy findings and peak AST and ALT values are not useful in the assessment of PI.
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PMID:Predictive value of intraoperative biopsies and liver function tests for preservation injury in orthotopic liver transplantation. 898 88

Fifteen cDNA clones, putatively identified as encoding aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1.), were isolated and partially sequenced. Together with six previously isolated clones putatively identified to encode ASTs (Sasaki, et al. 1994, Plant Journal 6, 615-624), their sequences were characterized and classified into 4 cDNA species. Two of the isolated clones, C60213 and C2079, were full-length cDNAs, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. C60213 was 1612 bp long and its deduced amino acid sequence showed 88% homology with that of Panicum miliaceum L. mitochondrial AST. The C60213-encoded protein had an N-terminal amino acid sequence that was characteristic of a mitochondrial transit peptide. On the other hand, C2079 was 1546 bp long and had 91% amino acid sequence homology with P. miliaceum L. cytosolic AST but lacked in the transit peptide sequence. The homologies of nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of C2079 and C60213 were 54% and 52%, respectively. C2079 and C60213 were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 6, respectively, by restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage analysis. Northern blot analysis using C2079 as a probe revealed much higher transcript levels in callus and root than in green and etiolated shoots, suggesting tissue-specific variations of AST gene expression.
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PMID:Characterization and mapping of cDNA encoding aspartate aminotransferase in rice, Oryza sativa L. 903

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have proven to be effective in the reduction of ischemia/reperfusion damage after myocardial ischemia. Whether this favorable effect can be related to other models of ischemia and reperfusion has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied in a model of syngeneic liver transplantation in the rat the effect of recipient enalapril treatment on postischemic liver injury. Untreated animals served as the control group. Treatment with enalapril was started 5 minutes before reperfusion by intravenous infusion of enalapril at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/h. By means of in vivo microscopy, the sinusoidal perfusion rate and leukocyte adherence in sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules were analyzed during 45 to 60 minutes of reperfusion. Liver function was monitored by measuring bile output over a period of 60 minutes. Analysis of coagulation factors (prothrombin time, factor V, fibrinogen) and liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST]) served for the evaluation of organ dysfunction and damage secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The sinusoidal perfusion rate was significantly improved by enalapril treatment (94.7% [1.0] vs. 75.3% [3.8]; mean [SEM]; P = .005). In addition, leukocyte-sticking in both liver sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules was remarkably reduced in enalapril-treated animals as compared with controls (stickers/lobule: 21.0 [3.3] vs. 59.2 [2.1]; P = .0004; stickers/mm2 venular surface: 20.5 [4.7] vs. 110.3 [18.1]; P = .0004). Moreover, bile output was increased (1.13 [0.35] vs. 0.43 [0.18] g bile/60 min x 100 g liver; P = .06). Values for PT (22.5% [2.1] vs. 9.7% [1.8]; P = .005), factor V 99.4% [9.5] vs. 49.5% [8.5]; P = .007), and fibrinogen (64.1% [7.7] vs. 12.8% [3.2]; P = .001) were significantly improved, paralleled by a remarkable reduction in serum ALT (1,428 U/L [190] vs. 2,315 [248]; P = .02). Our data show for the first time that ACE inhibition in the liver recipient by enalapril attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion damage after experimental liver transplantation. Our results may offer a novel approach to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical liver transplantation.
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PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by enalapril: a novel approach to reduce ischemia/reperfusion damage after experimental liver transplantation. 904 13

It was reported previously that selection for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma total cholesterol (TC) at 8 wk of age in a composite four-breed swine population resulted after four generations in divergent mean concentrations in the selected lines. The data revealed a significant positive correlation between body weight (BW) and TC concentration at 8 wk of age and differential responses in litter size, backfat depth, and carcass length at 6 mo of age. We report here the relationship between plasma TC concentration and other plasma traits related to growth and metabolism in the seventh generation of selection in these two lines of pigs. We measured plasma concentrations of TC, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (urea N), and three transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma glutamyltransferase, GGT) in seventh-generation male and female pigs at 8 wk of age. Birth weight (1.48 vs 1.38 kg), 8 wk BW (14.85 vs 12.00 kg), TC (116.8 vs 63.6 mg/dL), HDL-C (43.9 vs 25.5 mg/dL), TG (50.5 vs 33.0 mg/dL), and ALP (78.3 vs 44.9 units/L) were higher (P < .01) in HG than in LG pigs, whereas ALB (3.2 vs 3.4 g/dL), ALT (43.0 vs 45.9 units/L), and AST (53.0 vs 62.2 units/L) were lower in HG than in LG pigs (P < .05). At 8 wk, overall plasma TC concentration was correlated with BW (r = .34, P < .01) and with ALP (r = .23, P < .05) but was not related to ALT, AST, or GGT. Plasma TP urea N, and GGT were unaffected by genetic line on sex. We conclude that the difference between HG and LG pigs in TC concentration in generation 4 at 8 wk of age has persisted but not broadened in pigs of generation 7, that changes in plasma ALP, ALT, and AST may have occurred in response to selection for high or low plasma TC, and that ALP is correlated with plasma TC concentration.
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PMID:Divergent concentrations of plasma metabolites in swine selected for seven generations for high or low plasma total cholesterol. 905 52


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