Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The change of mitochondria aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST)/soluble-AST (s-AST) ratio was examined in 22 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The m-AST/s-AST was 40.8 +/- 18.9% at admission to a hospital (2.9 +/- 1.6h). The m-AST/s-AST decreased to normal value rapidly after peak and then increased again gradually. The decrease ratio of m-AST/s-AST per minute at early stage of 8 cases, who were succeeded to reperfusion, was 0.28 +/- 0.20%, and that was significantly higher than of conventionally treated 7 cases and non-reperfused 7 cases (0.11 +/- 0.07%). These results indicated that (1) m-AST/s-AST may be an excellent indicator for AMI in early stage. (2) The decrease ratio of m-AST/s-AST would predict whether reperfusion is successful or not at an earlier stage of AMI.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis and detection of successful reperfusion by mitochondrial-AST/soluble-AST ratio after acute myocardial infarction]. 788 69

Safety guidelines for shockwave delivery during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) are not yet clear. Renal functions were assessed by using urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC.2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC. 2.6.1.1), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) as well as sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations in respect to tubular functions after SWL with the Dornier MFL 5000 unit in 32 patients. In order to monitor glomerular function, we determined microalbuminuria. Transient glomerular and tubular damage occurs in SWL-treated kidneys. The minimum interval between two shockwave treatments should be at least 7 days.
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PMID:Short-term bioeffects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. 795 Dec 81

The investigations of enzyme activity such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST, KE 2.6.1.1.) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, KE 2.6.1.2) playing an important role in proteins metabolism were carried out in cell fraction of rat liver, myocardial and skeleton muscle after the influence of ionizing radiation (6 Gy) and the maximum physical loading. It was shown that physical loading furthered the increase of ALT-activity in all cell fractions except liver cytosol. And it was noted a strongly pronounced tendency of AST-activity to lowering, except muscle cell fractions. ALT-activity level in irradiated animals showed phase changes dependent on the term of observation and the kind of investigated tissues. The primary lowering of AST-activity in cell fractions of the investigated tissues is a conformity to natural laws of the gamma-irradiation influence on AST in most cases. It was shown that the physical tiredness made worse penetrated radiation action on the investigated enzymes.
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PMID:[Activity of alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases in organs of albino rats subjected to whole body gamma-irradiation and physical exercise]. 795 96

Macromolecular aspartate aminotransferase was found in the serum of an apparently healthy patient. This complex was composed of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1) and immunoglobulin. Electrophoresis of the patient's serum showed an abnormal band migrating between mitochondrial (m) and cytosolic (s) AST. The macromolecular complex was purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S300. The molecular mass of the complex was estimated to be 250 kDa, suggesting that the complex probably consists of one immunoglobulin molecule associated with one AST molecule. By immunoelectrophoresis, the immunoglobulin was found to be an IgG with kappa-lambda type light chain. When we used polyclonal antibodies against human mAST or sAST, the sAST antibodies strongly inhibited the AST activity of the macrocomplex, whereas the mAST antibodies had no effect. Thus the AST molecule of the macrocomplex is an sAST type.
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PMID:Aspartate aminotransferase macroenzyme complex in serum identified and characterized. 801 10

Methotrexate (MTX) has become an important drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The American College of Rheumatology convened a committee to assess the risks of development of clinically significant liver disease (CSLD) during MTX treatment, to evaluate the risk and role of surveillance liver biopsies, and to provide recommendations about monitoring patients for liver toxicity. The committee recommends obtaining liver blood tests (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase, albumin, bilirubin), hepatitis B and C serologic studies, and other standard tests including complete blood cell count and serum creatinine tests prior to starting treatment with MTX. A pretreatment liver biopsy should be considered only for patients with a history of prior excessive alcohol consumption, persistently abnormal baseline AST values, or chronic hepatitis B or C infection. At intervals of every 4-8 weeks the AST, ALT, and albumin levels should be monitored. Routine surveillance liver biopsies are not recommended for RA patients receiving traditional doses of MTX. However, a biopsy should be performed if a patient develops persistent abnormalities on liver blood tests. These are defined as elevations (above the upper limit of laboratory normal) in the AST in 5 of 9 determinations within a given 12-month interval (6 of 12 if tests are performed monthly) or a decrease in serum albumin below the normal range. The recommendations for monitoring and selection of patients for liver biopsy identify patients at potential risk for CSLD, and thus significantly reduce the number or patients who would be exposed to this procedure. Close monitoring is essential to reduce the risk of unrecognized serious liver disease. These recommendations should be revised as necessary to reflect new and compelling information.
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PMID:Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Suggested guidelines for monitoring liver toxicity. American College of Rheumatology. 798 33

The aim of this study was to evaluate certain indicators which are an expression of hepatic (serum aminotransferases activities) and hematologic (erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume) changes among health care personnel exposed to inhalation anaesthetics (nitrous oxide and isoflurane). A total of 172 subjects employed in a single hospital were divided into four groups according to exposure and drinking habits: group (i) non drinkers and unexposed subjects, group (ii) drinkers and unexposed subjects, group (iii) non drinkers and exposed subjects, group (iv) drinkers and exposed subjects. No change in aminotransferases activity or in mean erythrocyte size was detected, which could be regarded as the result of anesthetics exposure. Increased aspartate aminotransferase values among unexposed drinkers were related to alcohol intake. This observation was confirmed by the relationship between AST behaviour and quantitative alcohol intake. Hence, when studying any effect involving functions related to the biotransformation of xenobiotics, in which the liver plays a primary role, the importance of establishing the exact daily amount of ethanol intake is stressed.
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PMID:Drinking habits and occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics at low doses. 817 31

Reoxygenation-induced release of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) into the cytosol was studied using perfused rat liver. As the absolute activity of mAST in the perfusate did not indicate the degree of mitochondrial enzyme release, the following 3 methods were applied: measurement of the mAST to total AST ratio in the efferent perfusate, the digitonin infusion method, and measurement of mAST activity in the cytosolic compartment isolated from perfused livers. The results by all 3 methods were consistent and showed that mitochondrial injury occurs on reoxygenation. The mitochondrial Ca2+ content was proportional to the extent of mAST release during reoxygenation, indicating involvement of Ca2+ in the enzyme release. CsA, a potent inhibitor of Ca(2+)-induced increase in permeability of the mitochondrial membrane, completely prevented mAST release on reoxygenation. We conclude that during reoxygenation of hypoxic liver, mAST leaks into the cytosol in a Ca(2+)-dependent, CsA-sensitive manner.
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PMID:Enzyme release from mitochondria during reoxygenation of rat liver. 829 Oct 99

Cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment has been reported to cause rises in serum bile acids both in humans and rats. It has also been shown to suppress bile flow in situ in rats and inhibit the transport of bile salts by rat hepatocytes. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of CsA on uptake of radiolabelled cholate (CA), glycocholate (GC) and taurocholate (TC) by isolated human hepatocytes. CsA did not significantly change Vmax for CA uptake [0.23 +/- 0.01 vs 0.25 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein/min for control and CsA (10 microM), respectively], but significantly increased Km (37 +/- 2 vs 86 +/- 8 microM). Similarly, Vmax for TC uptake was not affected (0.51 +/- 0.02 vs 0.67 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg protein/min) while Km was significantly increased [46 +/- 3 vs 109 +/- 11 microM for control and CsA (10 microM), respectively]. On the other hand, neither Vmax nor Km for GC uptake was affected by CsA. The data indicate a competitive pattern of inhibition induced by CsA on CA and TC uptake. Furthermore, CsA was found to cause a dose-related inhibition of accumulation of both cholate and taurocholate, but not GC accumulation. None of the concentrations of CsA showed a significant effect on the integrity of the human hepatocytes as assessed by ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release. The findings, in human hepatocytes, are generally consistent with the observations reported from rodent studies. They strongly support the contention that serum bile acid increases in CsA-treated patients are due to interference with the hepatocellular transport and accumulation of particular bile acids.
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PMID:Differential effects of cyclosporin A on the transport of bile acids by human hepatocytes. 837 35

We report a case of increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1; GOT) in a 17-year-old girl which persisted for 3 years. The patient was healthy, but a high level of serum AST was detected during a school health check. Further examination revealed that AST was increased to as high as 259 IU/l while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was normal. Immunoelectrosyneresis and immunoprecipitation methods revealed that this atypical AST combined with IgG--kappa, lambda globulin and formed macromolecular complexes. Including the present case, 26 cases of IgG-complexed AST have been reported. It is important to be aware of this syndrome, and thereby avoid unnecessary examinations and therapies.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin-complexed aspartate aminotransferase. 850 27

A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of three doses of milacemide in the treatment of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type of mild to moderate severity. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three dosages of milacemide (400, 800, or 1200 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks followed by a single-blind 4-week placebo period. One hundred forty-eight men and women older than 50 years of age were enrolled, and 129 patients completed the study. The differences among treatment groups were not statistically different with respect to total scores on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale or any items and subscales that were examined, nor were significant differences on the Clinical Global Impression Scale found. Clinically significant increases in liver function tests, specifically aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST and ALT), were reported for five of the patients receiving milacemide, requiring their withdrawal from the study.
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PMID:Evaluation of multiple doses of milacemide in the treatment of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. 851 28


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