Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Copenhagen Lung Cancer Study Group conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens: (A) vindesine (VDS) 4 mg/m2 IV weekly X 8, then every second week; (B) lomustine (CCNU) 70 mg/m2 orally, cyclophosphamide (CTX) 1000 mg/m2 IV every 4 weeks, methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2 orally days 15 and 18 of each course; and (C) CCNU + CTX + MTX + VDS in the same schedule as above, but with lower doses of CCNU (50 mg/m2), CTX (750 mg/m2), and VDS (2 mg/m2). Two hundred fifty-nine patients were accrued with unresectable adenocarcinoma-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); 218 were evaluable for response. Overall response rates on the chemotherapy arms were: (A) 22%, (B) 23%, and (C) 27%. Median survival rates were: 29 weeks, (B) 29 weeks, and (C) 34 weeks. Peripheral neuropathy was the major toxicity in arm A, and myelosuppression in arms B and C. The independent influence of 27 pretreatment variables were analyzed by the Cox multivariate regression model, which revealed that six have prognostic impact: performance status, nonradical resection, liver metastases, serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), WBC (white blood count), and serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase). The data clearly demonstrate prognostic variables in this disease and emphasize the need for better chemotherapy.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung: the Copenhagen study and review of the literature. 321 7

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against porcine mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) were prepared in order to study their effect on the kinetics of the enzyme and their possible use as diagnostic reagents. The most stable hybridoma clone, designated MH-1, was selected and cultured for mass production of the monoclonal antibody MA-1. MA-1 was purified by affinity chromatography with m-AST as a ligand. The m-AST activity was inhibited uncompetitively by preincubation with MA-1, but preincubation with the polyclonal antibody uncompetitively by preincubation with MA-1, but preincubation with the polyclonal antibody raised in a rabbit resulted in noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme. These results suggest the usefulness of a monoclonal antibody for studying the mechanism of catalysis. Sandwich enzyme immunoassay methods for m-AST using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody-coated polystyrene balls were established and permitted the determination of porcine m-AST on the order of 10(-11) and 10(-10)M, respectively.
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PMID:Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against porcine mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: their inhibition modes and application to enzyme immunoassay. 329 98

Discriminant analysis of chemistry and hematology laboratory test results was used to classify patients with and without myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. We studied 64 patients with myocardial infarction and 70 patients without infarction, using logistic regression, linear and quadratic discriminant analyses on untransformed and logarithmically transformed data. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1), the best single discriminating test, classified 73% of patients correctly. Quadratic discriminant analysis on log-transformed data had a 98.5% classification accuracy when all variables were used in the discriminant function and had the highest classification accuracy and precision. All of the discriminant methods had acceptable cross-validation.
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PMID:Discriminant analysis of laboratory tests in patients admitted to a coronary care unit. 337 26

Two specific and sensitive immunoassay methods for the determination of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) are described. One is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay which measures immunologically active m-AST using polystyrene balls coated with anti-m-AST antibody and peroxidase-labelled anti-m-AST antibody as the second antibody. The detection limit of this assay was 10 micrograms/l. The other is a paper disk method which measures catalytically active enzyme bound to anti m-AST antibody-conjugate paper disks. The calibration curve was linear up to 250 U/l. These assay methods were used to monitor the level of m-AST in serum. From measurements obtained by both methods, the correlation between the concentration of m-AST protein and its activity was poor (liver diseases, r = 0.539; myocardial infarction, r = 0.774) confirming that an inactive form of m-AST exists in serum, and that the specific activity of serum m-AST differs in individual diseases.
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PMID:Determination of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in serum. 351 1

Serum proteolytic activity was determined in galactosamine-treated rats and in controls. Injection of the hepatotoxin at a dose of 400 mg/kg resulted in a 3.4-fold elevation in the serum proteolytic activity, while AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and bilirubin were increased by factors of 3.9, 8.8 and 4.5, respectively. Studies with proteinase inhibitors revealed that the serum proteolytic activity was partially metal-dependent as well as puromycin and antipain sensitive. Differences in susceptibility to a combination of N-ethylmaleimide and antipain indicated presence of different proteolytic systems in the sera of liver damaged and control rats. Separation of serum proteinases by gel filtration showed that the galactosamine-intoxicated rat serum contained activity which did not appear in the control serum. This activity was partially metal dependent, antipain and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive, and was more susceptible to dithiothreitol than the control activity. These findings demonstrate that hepatocellular damage induced by galactosamine caused not only an increase in serum proteinases, but was also associated with the appearance of enzymes not normally released by the liver of untreated animals.
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PMID:Quantitative and qualitative changes of serum proteolytic activity in rats with liver damage induced by galactosamine. 353 Jan 92

Seventy two patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were randomly allocated to receive gold or D-penicillamine therapy (DPA) in a prospective study designed to evaluate whether it is possible to predict which patients will show radiological progression despite therapy. Forty five patients completed 12 months' treatment. There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between them and the 27 drop outs. Twenty of the 45 patients showed no radiological progression between six and 12 months. These patients had less severe initial radiological damage, lower levels of serum aspartate transaminase (serum AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), but higher levels of serum cholesterol. Twenty five patients did show progression during the six to 12 month period. This group included all the men with nodules. Of the 43 pretreatment clinical and laboratory variables examined, however, the majority failed to predict whether or not progression would subsequently occur. This included the acute phase response and seropositivity.
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PMID:Prediction of progressive joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving gold or D-penicillamine therapy. 353 37

We evaluated the change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2) to serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.; ALT/AST) ratio with the degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. A total of 31 patients were included in the study. Fatty liver was graded as 0 to 4+. The mean and SD of AST and ALT were not significantly different between groups of patients with various grades of fatty liver. There was, however, a significant correlation between the ALT/AST ratio and the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. This, we believe, implies damage mainly to the plasma membrane allowing loss of cytoplasmic enzymes rather than loss of mitochondrial enzymes.
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PMID:Serum alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio and degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. 356 88

Increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) serum levels are usually considered expressions of cellular necrosis, especially in hepatocytes. They represent cellular damage due to burn which, according to many authors, becomes normal before discharge of patients. We studied 43 consecutive burned patients, both during and after recovery, from a minimum of 120 to a maximum of 640 days, and an average of 18.62 blood samples were taken from each patient. Hepatitis A and B markers were tested. Results showed a 67.44% increase in aminotransferases in patients during recovery and a 25.58% increase after discharge. No neopositivity was observed for hepatitis A and B markers. We therefore conclude that the increase of enzymes during recovery expresses a toxic-infective phase and this increase, contrary to what was believed, does not always drop to normal values at time of discharge. Instead, after discharge, higher values can be a manifestation of a Non-A Non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels in burned patients: a long-term study. 361 54

This study set out to examine the relative effectiveness and tolerability of 12- versus 24-week courses of thrice weekly intramuscular lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of hepatitis B 'e' antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and to identify pretreatment factors predicting the outcome of therapy. Twenty patients were randomised to each treatment group. Treatment was associated with clearance of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in 59% of the 32 male patients, whereas none of the eight women responded (48% overall response rate). This response rate in males is at least three times the recorded spontaneous seroconversion rates in this population. Most of the women (5/8) were of Oriental origin and had minimal disease, factors that may have influenced response. The longer course was poorly tolerated and was therefore no more effective: eight of 20 patients withdrew because of side-effects. Variables associated with response included high AST (aspartate transaminase), short duration of disease and previous history of acute hepatitis. A response to antiviral therapy was accompanied by clinical and biochemical evidence of improvement in liver disease.
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PMID:Lymphoblastoid interferon therapy of chronic HBV infection. A comparison of 12 vs. 24 weeks of thrice weekly treatment. 365 10

The development of a simple enzymatic method for the determination of blood and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) using pig heart apo-aspartate transaminase (apo-AST) is described. The technique requires three steps: sample extraction using perchloric acid, a binding step in which PLP in the sample extract is attached to the apo-AST and the enzymatic assay of the reconstituted holo-AST. PLP extracts were analysed with and without a known concentration of added PLP to correct for variation in recovery between different specimens. Procedures are outlined for manual and automatic analysis of the PLP extracts. Using the KONE Clinical Analyser after the extraction step, it is possible to measure enzyme activity in 100 specimens (i.e. 400 tubes) in a 5 h period. Results are shown from 185 healthy women aged 20-45 years, in which plasma PLP concentrations ranged from 5 to 165 nmol/L, and 142 men and 56 women in government service aged 17-64 years, whose plasma PLP ranged from 8 to 169 nmol/L. Values less than 20 nmol/L are believed to indicate vitamin B6 deficiency and the method is able to measure 5 nmol/L.
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PMID:A direct assay for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate using pig heart apo-aspartate transaminase. 378 39


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