Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) level and the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase/total aspartate aminotransferase ratio (mAST/AST) have been proposed as sensitive markers of chronic alcoholism. Their specificity, however, remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to compare these markers in three groups of hospitalized patients: group I, 80 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease; group II, 51 patients with chronic liver disease without alcoholism; group III, 44 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (due to choledocholithiasis in 21 and malignant in 23). mAST was measured after immuno-precipitation of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase. The normal values of mAST (less than or equal to 2 mu/l) and mAST/AST (less than or equal to 6 p. 100) were defined in a group of 59 non alcoholic subjects without liver disease (controls). mAST was increased as compared with controls in 91 p. 100 of the patients of group I, 20 p. 100 of group II, 61 p. 100 of group III. mAST was comparable in groups I (mean +/- SD: 10 +/- 10.8) and III (10.3 +/- 12.9), and higher than in group II (1.8 +/- 2.4). m/AST was increased in 59 p. 100 of the patients of group I, 6 p. 100 of group II and 36 p. 100 of group III. It was higher in group I (8 +/- 4 p. 100) than in group III (6 +/- 4 p. 100, p less than 0.02), and particularly higher in both these groups than in group II (2 +/- 1 p. 100, p less than 0.00001). mAST was correlated to AST in each of these three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Serum activity of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and extrahepatic cholestasis]. 292 44

Male Wistar rats aged 75 and 150 days were given high fat diet (36.5 weight % and 30 weight % fat) over a period of 14 days. The growth (PER, NPR) and utilization (NPU, LPU) parameters of protein biological value and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity were determined. In another experiment, the time dependence of liver gluconeogenesis enzyme (PEPCK and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase /FDP-ase/) and transaminase (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase /ALT, AST/) activities during 24 days' administration of the diet were determined. A 14 days' high fat intake had a negative effect on protein utilization in the organism of 75- and 150-day-old animals, which was more pronounced in the younger age group (a bigger drop in net protein utilization /NPU/ and greater stimulation of PEPCK activity). In 150-day-old animals the negative effect of a high fat intake was already manifested on the 6th to 10th day of the diet to the same degree as in the younger animals on the 14th day, as seen from the increase in all the enzyme activities. The paper presents findings on differences in the degree of the negative effect of a high fat intake on protein utilization with reference to age.
 ...
PMID:Influence of the time of intake of a high fat diet on gluconeogenesis. 293 54

Enhanced lipid peroxidation was observed in livers of rats killed 24 hr after sc injection of nickel chloride (NiCl2) (750 mumol per kg), as evidenced by 13-fold increase of conjugated dienes in microsomal lipids and 4-fold increase of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) chromogens in hepatic cytosol. Histologic examination of livers from rats killed one to three days after NiCl2 injection (500 mumol per kg) showed microvesicular fatty metamorphosis, mild hydropic degeneration, and foci of inflammation. Microvesicular steatosis of hepatocytes was confirmed by electron microscopy. Dose-related increases of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) activity (up to 7-fold vs controls) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (up to 3-fold vs controls) were observed 24 hr after injection of NiCl2 (125 to 750 mumol per kg); diminished serum alkaline phosphatase activity (up to 72 percent reduction vs controls) was seen at NiCl2 dosages from 375 to 750 mumol per kg. Diethyldithiocarbamate did not influence the effects of NiCl2 on TBA-chromogens in liver homogenates or on serum AST and ALT activities but acted synergistically with NiCl2 to diminish serum alkaline phosphatase activity and to increase serum bilirubin concentration. This study demonstrates that parenteral administration of NiCl2 to rats produces acute hepatic toxicity, with enhanced lipid peroxidation, microvesicular steatosis, and increased serum AST and ALT activities.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic toxicity of nickel chloride in rats. 300 32

Although case reports of herpes simplex virus (HSV) causing acute hepatitis in otherwise healthy adults have appeared recently in the literature, a prospective study of the incidence of HSV-hepatitis in the general population hitherto has not been reported. In the present study, serum samples from 124 young adults attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic with either genital herpes infections (n = 86) or non-herpes sexually transmitted diseases (n = 38) (controls) were analyzed for liver enzyme abnormalities (including aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). Twelve of eighty-six (14%) herpes-infected patients had mildly abnormal liver enzyme tests (less than or equal to twice the upper limit of normal) as opposed to only 1 of 38 controls (2.6%), (P less than .05). All individuals in the herpes-hepatitis group were anicteric, and only two complained of constitutional symptoms (malaise and fatigue). Liver enzyme tests were repeated in nine herpes-hepatitis patients 1 week after their genital lesions had resolved, and in six of nine patients the results had returned to within normal limits. Four patients subsequently returned at the onset of a recurrence of their genital herpes. In all four, serum ALT levels were elevated from the previous occasion, and in three of the four levels just exceeded the upper limit of normal. One patient was followed through three recurrences of his genital herpes. In that individual, the extent of liver enzyme abnormalities appeared to correlate with the presence or absence of his genital lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Genital herpes and hepatitis in healthy young adults. 301 68

The effect of various proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, subtilisin, protease 401, and thermolysin) on the mitochondrial isoenzyme (m-AST) and cytoplasmic isoenzyme (c-AST) of human and swine aspartate aminotransferase (AST;EC 2.6.1.1) was evaluated. All procedures including the reaction with proteases and the subsequent determination of the AST activity were carried out in an automatic analyzer. The mammalian c-AST was efficiently inactivated by chymotrypsin, subtilisin and protease 401 while m-AST activity decreased very slowly with these proteases. Thermolysin and trypsin showed much less effect on c-AST activity. Especially, chymotrypsin at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 g/L inactivated human c-AST almost completely but showed no detectable inactivating effect on m-AST. Thus chymotrypsin appears to be the most suitable protease for the differential determination of AST isoenzymes in human serum. Further studies on the effects of proteases with AST from other species showed that Escherichia coli AST resembled mammalian m-AST while Pseudomonas AST resembled c-AST.
 ...
PMID:Determination of human aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes by their differential sensitivity to proteases. 306 46

Macromolecular aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase EC 2.6.1.1, AST) was found in the serum of a patient with benign hypertension. The serum total AST and mitochondrial AST (mAST) activities were proportionately higher. The abnormal AST was found to be a macromolecular complex composed of mAST and immunoglobulin G of the kappa-lambda type. The dissociated IgG from the complex was shown to combine with human and rat mAST, but not with cytosolic AST of both species. Molecular mass of the macromolecular AST was estimated to be 360,000 Da. These results indicate that the complex may consist of one IgG molecule associated with two mAST molecules. By the method of papain digestion the binding site of immunoglobulin in the complex appeared to be located in the Fab portion of the IgG molecule. This finding strongly suggests that the AST-immunoglobulin complex is a specific antigen-antibody complex.
 ...
PMID:Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase linked to immunoglobulin G of the kappa-lambda type: report of a case. 309 51

The activities were studied in five kinds of enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase - AST, alanine aminotransferase - ALT, lactate dehydrogenase - LD, the thermally stable fraction of lactate dehydrogenase - LD-1, and alkaline phosphatase - ALP) of 30 male dogs. The dogs, divided into two age categories, were studied during a long-continued training (130 days). Both transaminases exhibit characteristic changes in the activity, with a depression at the beginning between the 30th and 40th days of training, followed by a slow increase in AST and by a rapid increase in ALT, continuing until the end of the training period. A statistically significant activity pattern was recorded in LD: the activity declined continuously in both age groups of dogs. LD-1 exhibited an activity depression continuing until the 70th day of training, followed by an increase which reached statistical significance towards the end of the training. ALP activity varied regularly, but always remained significantly below the starting values. The enzymatic activities can be used as partial tests during the scientific management of the training of dogs in relation to the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the bodies of the dogs subjected to the training stress.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of training stress on enzyme activity in working dogs]. 312 61

Long Evans rats of both sexes were each administered a total of 250 micrograms aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin-A (OCH-A) or 500 micrograms AFB1 + OCH-A (1:1 ratio) in corn oil over 5 equal daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 50 micrograms/rat/day. Control rats were given a total of 1.25 ml corn oil over 5 equal daily IP injections of 0.25 ml/rat. All rats were observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Twenty-four hr following the last injection all rats were weighed, killed, examined for gross pathologic lesions and blood samples collected for routine hematologic and serum chemistry evaluation. All rats gained weight over the treatment period. Though not significantly different among the treatment groups, weight gain was significantly greater for males (54.0 g) than females (33.8 g). Routine hematology showed no difference among treatment groups. Serum enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST = SGOT) activities were indicative of hepatoxicity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly increased in the AFB1 and AFB1 + OCH-A treatment groups, signifying a possible interaction between these 2 mycotoxins. LDH isoenzyme fractionation studies would be helpful in delineating the organ system(s) involved and the possible diagnostic value of this interaction.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary study on serum enzyme changes in Long Evans rats given parenteral ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and their combination. 313 71

In eight normal mothers the effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) addition on the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes (AST-s and AST-m) during labor and following delivery were investigated. The AST-s activities with and without reactivation by PLP appeared to increase immediately after delivery and they were even higher on the 4th day postpartum. On the other hand, there were significant elevations in both the AST-m activities immediately and at 2 h after delivery, but not on the 4th day postpartum. Of AST isoenzymes measured in the nonstress test, only the relative activation rate of AST-m by PLP added was significantly higher than the control value. The present study may come to the following conclusions: 1) The relative activation rate of plasma AST-m activity by PLP may be a reliable index of vitamin B6 nutritional status during pregnancy. 2) The increases in AST-m activity with and without PLP added during labor suggest a minimal damage of mitochondria in skeletal, cardiac and uterine muscle cells. 3) The AST-s isoenzyme determinations with and without PLP may be especially useful as sensitive indication of erythrocyte and/or liver damage after delivery.
 ...
PMID:Apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in maternal plasma during labor and following delivery. 317 40

We kinetically measured total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27), total creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1.) in 16 elite college basketball players, before the competition season and not in close temporal relation to near-maximal exercise, and in 17 healthy non-athlete controls. LD isoenzymes were determined by both electrophoretic and immunoprecipitation methods. CK-MB isoenzyme was measured electrophoretically. We found significantly higher mean LD-1 values and LD-1/LD-2 ratios in the players than the controls: 31.6 (SD 3.7)% vs 25.8 (SD 3.2)% (P less than 0.005) and 1.1 (SD 0.13) vs 0.87 (SD 0.16) (P less than 0.001), respectively. A "flipped" LD pattern (LD-1 greater than LD-2) was found in half the players and in six of the eight black athletes, but in only two of the control group and in none of the black controls. Mean CK activity in serum exceeded normal values in the serum of the athletes and was higher in comparison with the control group [274 (SD 156) vs 103 (SD 82) U/L]. Mean CK was significantly higher in the eight athletes with the flipped LD pattern than in those with LD-1 less than LD-2 [322 (SD 163) vs 180 (SD 98) U/L; P = 0.05], and also in comparison with CK in the two controls with flipped LD pattern. We saw no significant difference in mean CK between the nine players with normal immunochemical LD-1/LD ratios and the seven players with above-normal ratios. CK-MB was not detected in either athletes or controls. None of the players had any clinical or electrocardiographic evidence for myocardial ischemia or infarction. Evidently the flipped LD pattern usually found in patients with acute myocardial infarction and reported in some athletes after extreme exercise such as ultra-marathon running may also be found in athletes who are in their "basal fitness shape" but who are not involved in competitive physical activity.
 ...
PMID:"Flipped" patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum of elite college basketball players. 318 Apr 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>