Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ulva reticulata, a marine edible green alga, is a known source of proteins, vitamins, and sulfated polysaccharides. Though there are many reports in the literature regarding the composition and antiviral property of Ulva sp., studies of the antihepatotoxic property of green seaweeds in animal model are scarce. We have studied the antihepatotoxic nature of this marine green edible alga, U. reticulata, in a hot water extract (150 mg/kg of body weight for a period of 15 days) against acetaminophen- induced hepatotoxicity in experimental albino rats. The acetaminophen-induced rats showed significant elevation in levels of the serum marker enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase and of lipid peroxides in liver tissue with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. The levels of reduced glutathione and vitamins (E and C) were also decreased in the liver tissue of acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. The oral pretreatment with a hot water extract of U. reticulata reduced the hepatotoxicity triggered by acetaminophen considerably by improving the antioxidant status in experimental animals with depleted levels of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the oral pretreatment with a hot water extract of U. reticulata in rats is effective in reducing the hepatic oxidative stress via free radical scavenging properties, suggesting an antihepatotoxic activity.
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PMID:Antihepatotoxic nature of Ulva reticulata (Chlorophyceae) on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity in experimental rats. 1567 97

The chemopreventive effect of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (EIA) on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg)-induced experimental liver tumor was investigated in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (250 mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced with DEN as revealed by decrease in the levels of extend of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) with a concomitant increase in enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels when compared to those in liver tumor bearing rats. The histopathological changes of liver sample were compared with respective control. Our results show a significant chemopreventive effect of EIA against DEN induced liver tumor.
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PMID:Chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced phenobarbitol promoted liver tumors in rat by extract of Indigofera aspalathoides. 1568 1

The aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC (Fabaceae) (DG) was studied in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted (MI) rats for the hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effect. After inducing MI by isoproterenol (35 mg/kg b wt. i.p.), the aqueous extract of Desmodium gangeticum root at a dose of 3 ml/100 g b wt. was orally administered daily for a period of 30 days in six rats. On induction of MI, the activities of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) increased in myocardial tissue, hepatic tissue and serum. Pretreatment of DG to MI rats prevented the increase of these enzymes. The hypocholesterolemic effect of DG was assessed by the concentration of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and through the activities of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl co-enzyme (HMG CoA) reductase and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) in the myocardial tissue. The significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and improved activities of glutathione reductase and catalase in the myocardial tissues of rats treated with DG suggest free radical scavenging activity of the extract.
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PMID:Effect of aqueous extract of the Desmodium gangeticum DC root in the severity of myocardial infarction. 1574 Aug 81

We examined the hepatoprotective effect of water-extract from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) hulls on acetaminophen (AAP)-induced damage in rat liver. F344/DuCrj rats of 8 weeks of age were fed diets without and with 0.5% AAP or besides it 5% adzuki extract (lyophilized) on a daily basis over a period of 4 wk. At that time, serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in only AAP-treated group was higher than in both control and AAP plus adzuki extract (AAPA)-treated groups, while hepatic glutathione content and hepatic glutathione reductase and catalase activities in the AAP-treated group were lower than in the control group in contrast to the reverse in the AAPA-treated group. Hepatic phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide and phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide concentrations were higher in the AAP-treated group than in the control group, and were lower in the AAPA-treated group than in the AAP-treated group. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in the AAP-treated group than in the control group, although there was no significant difference between both AAP- and AAPA-treated groups in this respect. These findings suggest that the adzuki extract will serve as a prophylactic against oxidative damage to the liver.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective effects of the water extract from adzuki bean hulls on acetaminophen-induced damage in rat liver. 1575 2

In the present study, the biochemical manifestations of liver toxicity caused by co-administration of anti-TB drugs, rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), in a sub-chronic mode (12 weeks), were investigated. Significant alterations were revealed in (a) increased levels of alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a high bilirubin content in serum; (b) elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO), intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) and CYP4502EI activity in liver; and (c) decreased glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities in liver. Silymarin reversed these abnormal alterations. The biochemical changes were supported by histological observations.
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PMID:Biochemical manifestations of anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity and the effect of silymarin. 1577 1

Concomitant oral supplementation of Aloe vera, (1, 2 or 5% w[sol ]v in drinking water) during arsenic exposure (0.2 mg[sol ]kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 3 weeks) was investigated in rats for its protective value. Animals exposed to arsenic (III) showed a significant inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, a marginal decrease in glutathione (GSH) and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level in blood. White blood corpuscles (WBC) level decreased while most of the other clinical blood parameters like red blood cells count, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC ratio and platelet number, etc. remained unaltered on arsenic exposure. Hepatic reduced GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level remained unaltered, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level increased significantly while the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and catalase decreased on arsenic exposure. Renal GSH contents decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly on arsenic exposure. Concomitant administration of Aloe vera had remarkable protective action on inhibited blood ALAD activity and restored blood GSH level while most of the other blood biochemical parameters remained unchanged on Aloe vera supplementation. Interestingly, most of hepatic biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress showed protection; no effect of Aloe vera on blood and liver arsenic concentration was noted. Also, no effect of Aloe vera on most of the altered renal biochemical parameters were noticed. The results thus lead us to conclude that simultaneous supplementation of Aloe vera protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress but does not influence the arsenic concentration in these organs.
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PMID:Protective value of Aloe vera against some toxic effects of arsenic in rats. 1579 4

The effects of melatonin and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on liver and brain oxidative stress, hepatic failure and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level changes produced by a single dose of thioacetamide (TAA) in Wistar rats were studies. A dose of either melatonin (3 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) or DMSO (2 g kg(-1)day(-1)) was injected for 3 days before and for 2 days after the administration of TAA (150 mg kg(-1) i.p.). Blood samples were taken from the neck vascular in order to determine ammonium, BUN and liver enzymes. We estimated lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity in liver and brain homogenates. TAA caused significant increases in ammonium and in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, while it decreased BUN values. TAA also increased lipid peroxidation product levels, but reduced GSH content and catalase activity in the liver and brain. Both melatonin and DMSO, although melatonin more significantly, decreased the intensity of the changes produced by the administration of TAA alone. Furthermore, melatonin alone or combined with TAA increased the BUN levels and decreased the ammonia values compared with control animals. These results support the antioxidative and neuro-/hepato-protective action of melatonin and a lesser action of DMSO. Likewise, these data seem to support the hypothesis of an effect of melatonin on urea synthesis.
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PMID:Hepato- and neurotoxicity induced by thioacetamide: protective effects of melatonin and dimethylsulfoxide. 1589 75

Carbon tetrachloride feeding (3.2g/kg/72hr) for one month increased significantly the serum and tissue lipid profile and deranged the enzyme levels viz; alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, glutathionze reductase, HMGCoA reductase, catalase, gluc.6.PDH and malic enzyme in rats. Simultaneously the lipid peroxidation level in liver was also raised. On administration of garlic oil and its major nonpolar fraction (NPFGO) and a flavonoid isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn, viz; leucopelargonin derivative respectively to different groups(100mg/kg/day) the deleterious effects of CCl4 were significantly ameliorated. The liver damage by CCl4 was satisfactorily prevented by these samples as effectively as Vit. E (50 mg/kg/day). The results prove that important nutraceuticals (phytonutrients) like bioflavonoids and theols i.e. allylic sulphide rich fractions give protection from toxins like CCl4. The order of beneficial effects of the drugs are Leucopelargonin > NPFGO > Garlic oil and their effects are comparable to that of vitamin E used at a minimal dose.
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PMID:Nutraceutical effects of garlic oil, its nonpolar fraction and a Ficus flavonoid as compared to vitamin E in CCl4 induced liver damage in rats. 1590 Sep 9

The aim of this paper is to assess the antioxidant properties of rat liver in the course of acute and chronic fasciolosis. Wistar rats were infected per os with 30 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Liver activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants were determined at 4, 7, and 10 weeks post-infection. Activities of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) were decreased, catalase (CAT) activity was increased and non-enzymatic antioxidant concentrations (reduced glutathione, vitamins C, E and A) were reduced simultaneously with enhancement of lipid peroxidation processes as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Changes in the antioxidant abilities of the liver and in the phospholipid structure of the cell membrane were accompanied by rising activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as markers of liver damage.
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PMID:Antioxidant potential of rat liver in experimental infection with Fasciola hepatica. 1592 4

We have evaluated the comparative effect of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) and its analogue [bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione] (BDMC-A) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Administration of carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg/week) for three months significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of marker enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The levels of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides were also significantly (P<0.05) increased. We have observed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of TBARS and hydroperoxides in liver and kidney and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activities of enzymic antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and GSH peroxidase along with GSH in CCl(4)-treated rats. Oral administration of curcumin and BDMC-A to CCl(4)-induced rats for a period of three months significantly (P<0.05) decreased the levels of marker enzymes, plasma TBARS and hydroperoxides and increased the levels of plasma and tissue antioxidants. Histopathological studies of liver also showed protective effect of curcumin and BDMC-A. We have observed thickening of blood vessels and microvesicular fatty changes around the portal triad in CCl(4)-treated rat liver. Treatment with curcumin showed only mild sinusoidal dilatation while with BDMC-A there was only mild portal inflammation. The effect exerted by BDMC-A was found to be more promising than curcumin.
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PMID:Comparative effects of curcumin and an analogue of curcumin in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 1594 54


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