Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several general comments are offered regarding the detailed comparison of clinical and metabolic effects of combined-type oral contraceptives made by Dr. W.G. McBride et al. The findings are compared with the results of these researchers. The use of the term "19-nortestosterone" or "derived from testosterone" to describe certain progestogens is disliked for the following reasons: norethisterone, lynestrenol, ethynodiol diacetate, norethynodrel and norgestrel are not manufactured from testosterone or 19-testosterone and have endocrine properties dissimilar to these compounds. The first 4 progestogens are estranes, and norgestrel is a gonane. This terminology is much preferred. Women in McBride's group received products containing 2 different estrogens, and it is felt that grouping together OCs containing 2 different estrogens at several different dose levels, in combination with many different progestogens, makes for too heterogeneous a group. In the research of these 2 commenters the attempt has been made wherever possible to use women as their own controls by comparing results before and during treatment. Using this method ethynyloestradiol or mestranol were given alone to healthy young volunteers and then the same daily of estrogen was administered for a second 21-day course, but this time in combination with various progestogens. Clinical and biochemical data have also been accumulated from women taking most commerically available OCs. The metabolic results are contrasted with McBride's who compared untreated controls with women receiving a variety of different products. A significant fall was seen in serum cholesterol level in women changed to the low estrogen OC Nordette from other products after only 1 cycle of treatment. McBride reported a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with products containing "19-nortestosterone" progestogens. It is doubtful whether this small increase in AST is biologically meaningful. The day-to-day variation in serum AST for healthy women was found to be much greater than reported by McBride, using the same method.
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PMID:Comparative study of adverse effects of oral contraceptives. 444 20

Comparative studies of the effects of Nordette and LutoFolone on 15-day-old chickens were performed to determine their effects on growth performance, biochemical parameters and on hormonal residues in the liver and muscle. Sixty chickens were equally divided into three groups, with 20 chickens per group. Group 1 served as the control group. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily with Nordette (1 mg/kg body weight) mixed in the ration and LutoFolone (0.5 mg/kg body weight) administered orally through a bent stainless steel feeding tube, respectively, for 30 days (from the 15th to the 45th day of age). The treated groups were left for a further period of 15 days without treatment. Blood samples were collected at 45 and 60 days of age and used for biochemical studies, while liver and muscles were excised from each chicken and used to prepare tissue homogenates for an estimation of hormonal residues (oestrogen and progesterone). Both drugs caused a gain in body weight. They also significantly increased (p<0.01) several serum variables, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (410% and 300%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (277.69% and 261.90%), cholesterol (16.91% and 17.19%), creatine kinase (CK) (72.47% and 27.46%), creatinine (62.22% and 42.22%) and uric acid (85.43% and 70.86%), and reduced total proteins (54.38% and 51.28%), albumin (60.38% and 52.08%) and globulin levels (50.22% and 49.36%) for Groups 2 and 3 respectively at 30 days post administration, in comparison with the control birds. Moreover, this study exhibited a significant increase in the levels of oestrogen residues in the liver (26.17% and 70.99%) and muscle (17.50% and 43.41%) for Groups 2 and 3, respectively. This indicated that the oestrogen level was much higher in the liver than in muscle in comparison to that of the controls. However, some of these findings showed insignificant changes 15 days after ceasing the administration of hormones. Data on the biochemical parameters and residue levels obtained from these results clearly indicate that anabolic agents in chickens may carry a specific risk to public health.
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PMID:Effect of oestrogenic compounds on performance and biochemical parameters of chickens in Egypt. 2039 5

Comparative studies of the effects of Nordette and Lutofolone on 15 days old chicken were carried out to determine their effects on growth performance, biochemical parameters and an analysis of hormonal residues in the liver and muscle. Sixty chickens were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 was served as a control. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily with Nordette (1 mg/kg B.W.) mixed in the ration and Lutofolone (0.5 mg/kg B.W.) orally via a bent stainless steel feeding tube, respectively, for 30 days (from the 15th till the 45th day old). Then these treated groups were left for another 15 days without any treatment. Blood samples were collected at 45 and 60 days old and used for biochemical studies, while liver and muscles were excised from each chicken and used to prepare tissue homogenate for estimation of hormonal residues (estrogen and progesterone). Both drugs caused a gain in body weight. They also increased several serum variables, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine and uric acid, and reduced total proteins, albumin and globulin levels at 30 days post-administration. Moreover, this study exhibited a significant increase in the levels of estrogen residues in the liver and muscle. Estrogen level was much higher in the liver than muscles. However, some of these findings were insignificant changed at 15 days post-stopping of the hormones. Data on the biochemical parameters and residue levels obtained from these results clearly indicate that anabolic agents may entail a special risk to the chickens and probably to the consumer.
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PMID:Comparative biochemical studies on steroidogenic compounds in chickens. 2216 94