Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperlipidemia may be one of the risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic disease in renal transplant recipients. In the present study, 24 kidney recipients with hyperlipidemia were treated with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pravastatin (10 mg/day). All recipients had been treated with cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine (Az), and prednisolone (Pred). The mean total cholesterol (T-chol) level decreased from 323 +/- 7.4 to 261 +/- 7.9 mg/dl at one month after starting treatment (P less than 0.01) and this level did not change during treatment for further 6 months. The mean LDL cholesterol level was also decreased from 205.9 +/- 11.2 to 118.7 +/- 8.1 mg/dl at 3 months after starting treatment (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, pravastatin did not affect the levels of HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Pravastatin did not show any effects on the white blood cell, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, or the hemoglobin concentration (NS). One patient displayed a slight elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, but this was not sufficient to cease treatment. Pravastatin did not adversely affect the renal function or creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Two recipients developed nausea and vomiting and their treatment was stopped. Pravastatin appears to be a safe and efficacious method of treating hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients.
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PMID:The effects of pravastatin on hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients. 173 92

Clinical and laboratory findings and hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were compared in 105 patients with uncomplicated schistosomiasis mansoni, schistosomiasis haematobium, or both infections. 34 (32%) had HBs antigen (Ag); 51 (49%) had anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc; 20 (19%) had no markers for HBV. In comparison with the non-HBV-infected group, the group with HBsAg had more complaints of nausea and vomiting, and higher mean values for serum bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase, and were less likely to complain of loose stools. In comparison with the non-HBV-infected group both groups having HBV markers were older, more likely to have received prior therapy (parenteral therapy in particular) for schistosomiasis, less likely to complain of blood in their stools, and more likely to have higher serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, and alanine aminotransferase. This study supports two mechanisms which could cause an association between HBV infection and schistosomiasis: (i) self-selection by patients with schistosomiasis seeking medical care for symptoms due to HBV infection and (ii) iatrogenic infection with HBV during parenteral treatment for schistosomiasis. It also suggests that much of the clinical morbidity ascribed to uncomplicated chronic schistosomiasis may be caused by a concomitant occult HBV infection.
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PMID:The relationship between uncomplicated schistosomiasis and hepatitis B infection. 251 75

The clinical safety of aztreonam in the treatment of suspected aerobic gram-negative infections was assessed in 346 patients who received single doses and in 2,388 patients who received multiple doses. Of those administered multiple doses, 163 (6.8%) experienced 172 adverse clinical effects. The most common were local reactions at the injection site, rash, diarrhea, and nausea and/or vomiting. Among aztreonam and control groups, three-fold increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) values occurred at comparably low frequencies; the mean values of SGOT and SGPT were slightly higher in patients administered aztreonam than in those given cefamandole. Treatment with aztreonam was discontinued in 51 (2.1%) of 2,388 patients because of adverse clinical effects or abnormal laboratory test values. Suprainfections (infections due to new pathogens occurring at the original site of infection during treatment with the study drug that were treated with another antibiotic) were reported in 2%-6% of aztreonam-treated patients, a frequency similar to that observed in control groups. Aztreonam is well tolerated and has a safety profile similar to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
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PMID:Safety profile of aztreonam in clinical trials. 293 85

We performed a phase I study of menogaril to determine if dosage reduction was required in patients with hepatic dysfunction and if the relationship between pharmacokinetics and leukopenia, previously defined in patients with normal hepatic and renal function, was altered. Eighteen patients received 27 courses of menogaril, of which 26 were evaluable for toxicity. Patient characteristics were median age, 63 years (range, 28-80 years), 14 male/4 female, and median Karnofsky performance status 80% (range, 60-100%). Prior therapy included none, five; chemotherapy only, seven; radiotherapy only, two; and chemotherapy and radiotherapy, four. Menogaril was administered as a 2-h.i.v. infusion every 28 days at 62.5 (one patient), 125 (eight patients), 187.5 (seven patients), and 250 mg/m2 (six patients), based on pretreatment serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Patients also had indocyanine green and antipyrine clearances measured before menogaril treatment. Menogaril and metabolites were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Dose-limiting toxicity was leukopenia. WBC nadirs occurred between days 8 and 20 (median, 15). Three patients developed platelet nadirs below 100,000/microliters. Other toxicities included grade I nausea and vomiting in three patients and phlebitis at the site of drug infusion in six patients. Correlations were defined between pretreatment indocyanine green clearance and serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. There were no correlations between pretreatment serum concentrations of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, indocyanine green clearance or antipyrine and menogaril clearances. Menogaril pharmacokinetics in patients with elevated liver function tests was indistinguishable from that described in patients with normal liver function tests. There were excellent correlations between plasma area under the curve of menogaril and the percentage decreases in WBC and neutrophils. These were well described by two models previously used to study the same relationships in patients with normal hepatic and renal function. When compared to previous studies, patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction had a greater percentage decrease in WBC for any given area under the curve than did patients with normal hepatic and renal function. On the other hand, there was no difference in the relationship between percentage decrease in neutrophils and menogaril area under the curve in these two groups of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I study and pharmacokinetics of menogaril (NSC 269148) in patients with hepatic dysfunction. 295 59

24 patients with advanced, histologically proven cancer were treated with difluoromethylornithine 2.25 g/m2 orally every 6 h for the first 7 days of each 4-week treatment cycle. These patients also received daily i.m. doses of recombinant human alpha 2a-interferon (IFN) on Days 3 through 7 of each cycle. IFN doses of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 X 10(6) units/m2 have been studied utilizing three patients at each daily dose level. Three additional patients have been observed at each of the two highest doses for better toxicity definition. This combination produced slight transient declines in leukocyte and platelet counts and transient rises in serum aspartate aminotransferase; however, these changes were no more pronounced at the higher IFN doses than at daily doses of 6 X 10(6) units/m2. Mild nausea and vomiting occurred in most patients and mild diarrhea also was common at all IFN dose levels. Chills, fever, myalgia, lethargy and fatigue, and anorexia were also observed at all IFN doses; however, lethargy and fatigue (lassitude) seemed to be the major factor which limited patient tolerance of IFN to 48 X 10(6) units/m2 daily. No ototoxicity was identified clinically or audiometrically and no life-threatening toxicity has occurred. Initial Phase II studies in melanoma are currently in progress.
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PMID:Phase I study of difluoromethylornithine in combination with recombinant alpha 2a-interferon. 314 Oct 46

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of paclitaxel/gemcitabine administered every 2 weeks in the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Forty-three chemonaive patients with histologically confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma were enrolled. Patients received paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 followed by gemcitabine 2,500 mg/m2, both on day I of a 14-day cycle, for a maximum of eight cycles. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for toxicity; 38 were evaluable for efficacy. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years, the median performance status was 90, and the median number of lesions was three. Most patients (71%) had received prior adjuvant therapy. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity was limited to leukocytes (14% and 18%, respectively). Grade 3 toxicities (5% each) were thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, elevation of aspartate transaminase, neurosensory, and constipation. One patient had neutropenia and fever. The objective response rate was 68% (21% complete response and 47% partial response); 18% had stable disease and 13% had partial disease. The preliminary evaluation of paclitaxel/gemcitabine given as a 2-week schedule to patients with untreated advanced breast carcinoma shows encouraging activity and a favorable toxicity profile.
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PMID:Paclitaxel/gemcitabine administered every two weeks in advanced breast cancer: preliminary results of a phase II trial. 1069 32

This study was undertaken to determine the prognosis value of laboratory and clinical findings in the progression of preeclampsia to eclampsia. Nausea and vomiting and glucose level > 105 mg/dL, serum creatinine level > 1.0 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase level > 35 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase level > 40 IU/L and lactate deshiydrogenase level > 450 IU/L can be used to estimate the risk for the advancement to eclampsia. This information could be helpful to the clinician for management purposes.
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PMID:[Prognosis factors associated with the progression of preeclampsia to eclampsia]. 1100 47

The plant Mentha piperita, or peppermint, is commonly used in the treatment of loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and indigestion as a herbal agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate biochemical and histological effects of M. piperita Labiatae, growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta city, and Mentha spicata Labiatae, growing in the Anamas high plateau of the Yenisar Bademli town, on the rat liver tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals: Group I received no herbal tea (control group); Group II received 20 g/L M. piperita tea; Group III received 20 g/L M. spicata tea; and Group IV received 40 g/L M. spicata tea. Herbal teas were prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) activities were measured. To evaluate liver antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities were determined in the homogenates of liver tissue. In addition, liver tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination. AST and ALT activities were increased in Group II, Group III and Group IV gradually when compared with the control group. The difference between Group II and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). Increases in AST and ALT activities of Group III and Group IV were statistically significant when compared with the control group. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in Group II when compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). However, SOD, GSH-Px activities and the TBARS level were significantly increased, and CAT activity was significantly decreased in Group III when compared with the control group. In Group IV, while SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased, the TBARS level was increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.0016). Histopathological evaluation of experimental groups revealed a mild to severe degree of hepatic damage when compared to the control group. In Group II, there was only minimal hepatocytes degeneration. In Groups III and IV, there were granular or ballooning hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation. It was concluded that lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage occurs after M. piperita and M. spicata administration in rat liver and the damage seems to be dose dependent.
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PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. 1502 12

In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 546 patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections received tigecycline 100 mg/day (a 100-mg initial dose and then 50 mg intravenously twice daily) or the combination of vancomycin 2 g/day (1 g intravenously twice daily) and aztreonam 4 g/day (2 g intravenously twice daily) for up to 14 days. The primary end point was the clinical response in the clinical modified intent-to-treat (c-mITT) and clinically evaluable (CE) populations at the test-of-cure visit 12 to 92 days after the last dose. The microbiologic response at the test-of-cure visit was also assessed. Safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory results, and adverse event reporting. Five hundred twenty patients were included in the c-mITT population (tigecycline group, n = 261; combination group, n = 259), and 436 were clinically evaluable (tigecycline group, n = 223; combination group, n = 213). The clinical responses in the tigecycline and the combination vancomycin and aztreonam groups were similar in the c-mITT population (84.3% versus 86.9%; difference, -2.6% [95% confidence interval, -9.0, 3.8]; P = 0.4755) and the CE population (89.7% versus 94.4%; difference, -4.7% [95% confidence interval, -10.2, 0.8]; P = 0.1015). Microbiologic eradication (documented or presumed) occurred in 84.8% of the patients receiving tigecycline and 93.2% of the patients receiving vancomycin and aztreonam (difference, -8.5 [95% confidence interval, -16.0, -1.0]; P = 0.0243). The numbers of patients reporting adverse events were similar in the two groups, with increased nausea and vomiting rates in the tigecycline group and an increased incidence of rash and increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the combination vancomycin and aztreonam group. Tigecycline was shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of tigecycline in treatment of skin and skin structure infections: results of a double-blind phase 3 comparison study with vancomycin-aztreonam. 1625 9

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were collected during an outbreak of trichinellosis, which occurred in Izmir, Turkey, between January and March 2004. The source of the infection was raw meatballs made with a mixture of uncooked beef and pork. Of 474 persons who were admitted at the Ataturk Training and Research Hospital during this period with a history of raw meatball consumption, the diagnosis of trichinellosis was confirmed for 154 (32.5%, 87 males and 67 females; mean age 31 years, range 6-67 years). Among persons with a confirmed diagnosis, 79% had myalgia, 77% weakness and malaise, 63% arthralgia, 40% jaw pain, 68% fever, 63% periorbital and/or facial oedema, 49% oedema at the trunk and limb, 42% abdominal pain, 40% nausea and vomiting, 28% diarrhoea, 23% subconjunctival haemorrhage, 25% macular or petechial rash, 4% subungual haemorrhage, 15% cardiac complaints and 0.2% neurological complaints. Nine patients (5.8%) were hospitalised due to severe myalgia (n = 2), high fever (n = 3), neurological manifestations (n = 1), thrombophlebitis (n = 2) and palmar erythema (n = 1). Eosinophilia was present in 88% of the confirmed cases at the admission. Elevated levels of serum creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were detected in 72%, 70% and 16% of the confirmed cases, respectively. The seroconversion occurred in most of the infected people between the 4th and 6th weeks after the infection. All of the confirmed cases were treated with mebendazole. People with severe symptoms were treated also with prednisolone (60 mg/day for three days) and those with a moderately severe clinical pattern received a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (naproxen sodium, 550 mg/day). All confirmed cases recovered without any clinical sequela.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory aspects of a trichinellosis outbreak in Izmir, Turkey. 1660 69


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