Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 6-h hypothermic cardioplegic arrest on myocardial biochemical, morphologic, and functional recovery were investigated in two groups of dogs. Group 1 (n = 6) was subjected to hypothermia of 15 degrees C and group 2 (n = 6) was subjected hypothermia of 5 degrees C. Although the myocardial calcium (Ca) concentration was significantly higher at the end of reperfusion in group 2 compared to group 1, the MB-fraction of creatine kinase, mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, recovery of left ventricular systolic function, and mitochondrial morphologic integrity were better in group 2 than in group 1. These findings suggest that hypothermia of 5 degrees C in 6-h cardioplegia is not necessarily coupled with interference in myocardial contractility, despite the Ca overload that occurs during reperfusion.
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PMID:The effects of a temperature below 15 degrees C on the myocardial calcium and ultrastructure in donor heart preservation in a canine model. 786 57

Isolated canine hearts were preserved for 6 h at 5 degrees C followed by normothermic reperfusion for 2 h. The dogs were divided into two groups of nine hearts each; group 1 received a nondepolarizing preservation solution in multidose, and group 2 received a single flush of University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Serum MB-CK and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AAT) concentrations and calcium overload during reperfusion were lower in group 1 than in group 2. At the end of reperfusion, myocardial ATP and total adenine nucleotide concentrations were higher and mitochondrial morphology appeared more intact in group 1 than in group 2. Left ventricular diastolic function was preserved better in group 1 than in group 2. These results suggest that in 6-h heart preservation, a nondepolarizing solution applied in multidose fashion protects the myocardium from the deleterious effects of hypothermia and cardioplegia better than a single flush of UW solution.
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PMID:Comparison of intermittent injection of nondepolarizing solution with a single flush of UW solution for donor heart preservation. 844 26

Preparturient hypocalcemia was identified in 4 cats in a specific pathogen-free colony between 1995 and 1996. All cats had an acute onset of clinical signs, 3 to 17 days prior to parturition. Signs of depression, weakness, tachypnea, and mild muscle tremors were the most common clinical signs, following by vomiting and anorexia. Additional abnormalities included hypothermia, third eyelid prolapse, dehydration, pallor, lethargy, flaccid paralysis, and hyperexcitability. Hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Hypocalcemia was documented in each queen. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities. All cats responded to IV or SC administration of 10% calcium gluconate. Queens were then given calcium orally prior to and following parturition. The queens did not have additional complications for the duration of the gestational or lactational periods.
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PMID:Preparturient hypocalcemia in four cats. 1053 Mar 27

This study examines a method to rapidly rewarm the core using total liquid ventilation with warmed, oxygenated perfluorocarbon. Yucatan miniswine were splenectomized and surgically implanted with telemetry devices to transmit electrocardiographic response, arterial pressure, and core temperature. Hypothermia (core temperature = 25.9 +/- 1.3 degrees C) was induced by placing cold-water circulating blankets over the animals. Control animals (N = 7) were rewarmed using warm (37.8 degrees C), humidified oxygen. Experimental animals (N = 6) were rewarmed with oxygenated perfluorocarbon liquid (37.3 degrees C). The time to rewarm was significantly shorter in experimental animals (1.98 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.61 +/- 1.6 hours, p < 0.0001), with almost no afterdrop in the experimental group. Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly increased in the control animals compared with the experimental animals. All animals that survived being chilled to 25 degrees C survived rewarming. This method may provide a means of more rapidly rewarming profoundly hypothermic victims while reducing the risks associated with current methods.
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PMID:Comparison of oxygenated perfluorocarbon and humidified oxygen for rewarming hypothermic miniswine. 1160 34

Many pesticides are formulated in organic solvents. An example is amitraz, one of the formamidine groups of pesticidal chemicals. It is commonly used for the treatment of generalized demodicosis in dogs and for the control of ticks and mites in cattle and sheep. In this article, the clinical and laboratory findings of eight children with amitraz intoxication are reviewed. The purpose was to enlighten the findings of amitraz intoxication in children. Of the eight patients, five (62.5%) were boys, three (37.5%) were girls, and the ages ranged from 1 to 4 years. All children accidentally ingested amitraz orally, with no dermal exposure. The most common observed signs were decreased consciousness and bradycardia. Leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, increased serum aspartate transaminase level, and prolonged partial prothrombin time were diagnosed in children. None of the children had hypothermia, hypotension, or convulsion and none of the patients died. The findings show that the initial signs and symptoms of acute amitraz intoxication appeared severe but they disappeared, with only supportive care needed in most cases within a few days.
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PMID:Report of eight children with amitraz intoxication. 1269 34

Accidental hypothermia is a common companion of trauma/haemorrhage, and several clinical studies have identified reduced body temperature as an independent risk predisposing to increased morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the majority of trauma care guidelines prescribe early and aggressive rewarming of hypothermic patients. Enzyme reactions are generally downregulated at temperatures below 37 degrees C, including most of those responsible for the inflammatory response. The rationale for adhering to these recommendations uncritically may therefore be questioned. In a rat model of mild hypothermia and haemorrhagic shock we wanted to compare the influence of rapid rewarming with persistently reduced temperature on the synthesis of early inflammatory mediators and organ function. Thirty-four male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Withdrawal of 2.5 ml blood/100 g body weight was performed over 10 min, with simultaneous reduction of body temperature to 32.5-33.5 degrees C. Seventy-five minutes after initiation of bleeding, two-thirds of the shed blood was retransfused. One group (n=17) was rewarmed to normothermia, the other (n=17) was kept hypothermic. The study was terminated after an observation period of 2 h. At the end of the study the rewarmed animals had a significantly lower mean arterial pressure, higher heart rate, higher synthesis of reactive oxygen species from peritoneal phagocytes, increased circulating levels of nitric oxide, and higher values of the organ markers aspartate aminotransferase and urea. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the organ markers alanine aminotransferase, alpha-glutathione S-transferase and creatinine, as well as organ injury scores were equal in both groups. Three rewarmed rats died prematurely, versus one hypothermic animal. In conclusion, the results suggest that during the early stages after haemorrhagic shock, rapid rewarming from mild hypothermia may have unfavourable effects both on basic haemodynamic variables, and on the internal inflammatory environment of cells and tissues.
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PMID:Rapid rewarming after mild hypothermia accentuates the inflammatory response after acute volume controlled haemorrhage in spontaneously breathing rats. 1286 16

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of a short-acting neuroleptic (acepromazine) on capture stress response in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Sixteen roe deer were captured by drive-nets in the winters of 1998, 1999, and 2001. Roe deer were divided into two groups: animals in the treatment group received an intramuscular injection of acepromazine (0.093 mg/kg +/- 0.003 SEM; n = 8) while animals in the control group (n = 8) did not receive tranquilizer. Heart rate and body temperature, as well as hematologic and biochemical indicators of stress, were used to evaluate effect of the neuroleptic over 3 hr. Heart rate decreased over time after capture in both groups (P < 0.05), but stabilized sooner in the treated roe deer (75 min after capture) than in the controls (105 min after capture). Body temperature decreased over 45 min and then stabilized in both groups (P < 0.05). Comparisons of blood parameters revealed significantly lower red blood cell count (RBC), lymphocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in tranquilized animals compared with controls (at least P < 0.05). A reduction in PCV, lymphocyte count, and serum cortisol concentrations (at least P < 0.05) and an increase in serum creatinine levels (P < 0.05) were recorded over time in control animals, while a reduction in RBC and hemoglobin concentration (at least P < 0.05) and an increase in serum urea concentrations (P < 0.05) over time were observed in the treated group. Finally, a decrease in serum lactate and potassium levels and an increase in CK, AST, ALT, and LDH activities were recorded over time in both groups. Results obtained showed the suitability of using acepromazine in capture operations in order to reduce stress response and prevent its adverse effects in roe deer. The beneficial effect was not only due to the sedative effect of acepromazine, but also to peripheral vasodilatation.
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PMID:Effects of acepromazine on capture stress in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). 1291 Jul 65

Isolated mongrel hearts were preserved for 6 h at 5 degrees C followed by normothermic reperfusion for 2 h. The dogs were divided into three groups; K+-cardioplegic solution alone, group C, n = 7; K+-cardioplegic solution with lidocaine 200 mg/l, group L, n = 7; and K+-cardioplegic solution with betamethasone 250 mg/l and lidocaine 200 mg/l, group B + L, n = 7. Ventricular fibrillation occurred early during reperfusion in all dogs in group C, in one of seven in group L, and in two of seven dogs in group B + L. The serum MB fraction of creatinine kinase (MB-CK), mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AAT) and calcium overload were suppressed to a greater extent in both groups L and B + L during reperfusion compared to group C. Myocardial ATP, total adenine nucleotide, and creatine phosphate did not differ between the three groups at the end of reperfusion. Myocardial ADP and AMP declined significantly during reperfusion in group C, however, they remained unchanged in group B + L and increased in group L which showed significantly higher levels compared to group C. Left ventricular functional recovery during reperfusion was consistently better in both group L and B + L compared to group C. These results suggested that membrane stabilization prevents myocardial damage from hypothermia and cardioplegia and provides better myocardial viability and functional recovery in donor heart preservation.
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PMID:The significant role of membrane stabilization in hypothermic cardioplegic cardiac preservation in a canine experimental model. 1462 34

Necrotizing soft tissue infections are potentially fatal infections that often involve extremities. Studies of mixed anatomic sites suggest several factors increase mortality (eg, age, medical comorbidities, laboratory values, treatment timing). We hypothesized that patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections of the extremities would have similar factors associated with mortality. We retrospectively reviewed 150 patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections of the extremities treated at San Francisco General Hospital from 1993-1997. We recorded cofactors, treatment, physical findings, radio- graphs, and laboratory findings at presentation. No cofactor or examination finding was associated with increased mortality. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors had a higher leukocyte count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, partial thromboplastin time, and aspartate aminotransferase, but had lower pH and bicarbonate. Nonsurvivors did not have delays in treatment relative to survivors. Univariate analysis showed an increased risk of mortality in patients with hypotension, hypothermia, Clostridium species in the wound culture, low leukocyte count and bicarbonate levels, and elevated blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and potassium levels. Several signs of shock and organ dysfunction were associated with mortality in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections of the extremities. The overall mortality rate (9.3%) was lower than in some other reports.
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PMID:Necrotizing soft tissue infections of the extremities and back. 1667 2

Transient potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor is an ion channel receptor primarily localized on sensory nerves and activated by specific stimuli to initiate and amplify pain and inflammation, as typified by murine models of scald and arthritis. Little is known of the role of TRPV1 in sepsis, an infective disease associated with inflammation. Through use of a sublethal murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal sepsis, we provide novel evidence that genetic deletion of TRPV1 leads to an enhanced onset of various pathological components of systemic endotoxemia. Paired studies of TRPV1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice demonstrate significantly enhanced hypotension (56+/-2% vs. 38+/-6% decrease in blood pressure, n=12), hypothermia (13+/-3% vs. 7+/-1% decrease in core temperature, n=6), and peritoneal exudate mediator levels (TNF-alpha, 0.78+/-0.2 vs. 0.38+/-0.1 ng/ml; nitrite, for NO, 35+/-10 vs. 15+/-3 microM; n=8) in TRPV1 KO mice, indicating loss of protective effect. Findings correlated with liver edema and raised plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase in TRPV1 KO mice. These data suggest that TRPV1 may play an important regulatory role in sepsis independent of the major sensory neuropeptide substance P. The findings are relevant to developing strategies that increase the beneficial, and reduce the harmful, components of sepsis to prevent and treat this often fatal condition.
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PMID:The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor protects against the onset of sepsis after endotoxin. 1760 84


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