Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tolerability of omeprazole was compared to control agents in 68 clinical studies that enrolled a total of 4846 patients, of whom 3096 received omeprazole. The incidence of adverse experiences was independent of omeprazole dose administered, the age of the patients, and the disease treated (duodenal ulcer or endoscopically verified gastroesophageal reflux disease). The most common clinical adverse experiences were headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The most common laboratory adverse experiences were elevated aspartate aminotransferase and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Omeprazole was well tolerated, and the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences was similar in patients receiving omeprazole, placebo, cimetidine, or ranitidine.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability profile of omeprazole in clinical trials. 191 59

Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy, administered to 1,869 patients in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 men and 884 women had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying systemic illness, and the condition of more than half the patients was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the patients) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 patients were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous ciprofloxacin were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily nausea and diarrhea. Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included convulsive seizures, headache, and dizziness. In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).
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PMID:Safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin. A review. 268 31

Sixty-six patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of juvenile onset were treated for six months with interferon alfa-n1 (Wellferon) in a randomized crossover trial. Half received interferon alfa-n1 intramuscularly at a dosage of 5 megaunits per square meter daily for 28 days and then thrice weekly for five months, followed by six months of observation. The other half were observed for six months and then treated. Operations were performed every two months to assess disease extent by a scale developed for this purpose. The score for the patients during the first observation period was stable. There was a statistically significant lowering of score in patients receiving interferon alfa-n1 during both periods of drug administration. Eight of 57 patients with assessable airway disease achieved complete remission, as did one additional patient with disease limited to the nasopharynx. No patients achieved complete remission during six months of observation alone. This difference was statistically significant. Patients without tracheostomy were significantly more likely to achieve remission than those with a tracheostomy. The patients who were observed after discontinuation of the drug therapy showed a significant rise in score within four months. Symptoms of toxicity included transient fever, fatigue, nausea, and headache. Elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels occurred in 64% of the patients. There was an inverse correlation between age and the ability to tolerate the medication. The dose studied may be close to the maximum tolerated dose. It appears that interferon alfa-n1 as an adjuvant to routine surgical management is effective in slowing the growth of respiratory papillomas.
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PMID:Randomized surgical adjuvant trial of interferon alfa-n1 in recurrent papillomatosis. 304 38

Lyme disease, caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. Of 314 patients with this skin lesion, almost half developed multiple annular secondary lesions; some patients had evanescent red blotches or circles, malar or urticarial rash, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or diffuse erythema. Skin manifestations were often accompanied by malaise and fatigue, headache, fever and chills, generalized achiness, and regional lymphadenopathy. In addition, patients sometimes had evidence of meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, sore throat, nonproductive cough, or testicular swelling. These signs and symptoms were typically intermittent and changing during a period of several weeks. The commonest nonspecific laboratory abnormalities were a high sedimentation rate, an elevated serum IgM level, or an increased aspartate transaminase level. Early Lyme disease can be diagnosed by its dermatologic manifestations, rapidly changing system involvement, and if necessary, by serologic testing.
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PMID:The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. 685 26

A formalin-inactivated aluminium hydroxide adsorbed hepatitis A vaccine was evaluated in a dose-response study on 195 healthy male adults (age range: 18-31 years) in two French hospitals (Lyon, Rouen). Four doses (20, 40, 80, 160 RIA antigen units) were administered intramuscularly (i.m.) in two injections over a 6-month period. At the time of the first vaccine injection, 32 subjects (16.4%) were found positive (> 20 mIU ml-1) for HAV antibody (total Ig RIA HAVAB assay, Abbott Laboratories) and were excluded from the analysis of immunogenicity criteria. Fourteen days after the first vaccine injection, 78.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62-90) of seronegative subjects who received the 160 RIA antigen unit dose seroconverted with a geometric mean titre (GMT) of 43 mIU ml-1 (95% CI: 33-56). Seroconversion was 100% (95% CI: 91-100) at 1 month with a GMT of 95 mIU ml-1 (95% CI: 79-112). Statistical analysis revealed a significant dose-related effect (p < 0.0001) on GMT by multivariate regression analysis of the results after the first injection. Biological safety was evaluated and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were similar prior to and 14 days after the first injection in the four groups. Reactions after injection were similar in the four dosage groups: 6.2% of subjects reported immediate reactions after first vaccination (feeling sick, spontaneous pain, headache), 8.9% reported local reactions at the site of injection (spontaneous pain, haematoma, local adenopathy) and 13.5% reported general reactions ('flu-like' syndrome, gastrointestinal tract disorders, fatigue, headache).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Good immunogenicity of GBM strain inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy male adults. 762 20

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%) abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/mm3) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1-3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children. Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology. 781 97

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage of felbamate are discussed. Felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate) is chemically unrelated to any of the other currently marketed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). It appears that felbamate, like phenobarbital and valproic acid, decreases the frequency of seizures by decreasing seizure spread and increasing seizure threshold. Oral felbamate is at least 90% absorbed, and peak concentrations are reached in one to six hours. The half-life is a little less than one day. A therapeutic range of plasma concentrations has not been determined. Felbamate has been used effectively as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in patients with partial seizures with or without secondary generalization and as adjunctive therapy in children with partial or generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Felbamate may also be safe and effective in patients with generalized, absence, atypical absence, juvenile myoclonic, infantile, and gelastic seizures. The most frequently reported adverse effects of felbamate include nausea, anorexia, vomiting, headache, fatigue, somnolence, insomnia, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. The frequency of adverse effects is greater in patients receiving other AEDs in addition to felbamate. Felbamate affects the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and methsuximide; other AEDs also affect the pharmacokinetics of felbamate. The dosage of felbamate should begin at 400 mg orally three times daily and then increase by 600 mg/day every two weeks to up to 3600 mg/day. If the patient is receiving other AEDs concurrently, their dosage should be decreased as the dosage of felbamate is increased. If the goal is to switch to felbamate, the dosage should be increased weekly as the dosages of other AEDs are reduced. Felbamate offers a safe and effective alternative to other AEDs in the treatment of partial and secondarily generalized seizures; partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; and atypical absence seizures, gelastic seizures, and other difficult to control seizures.
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PMID:Felbamate: a new antiepileptic drug. 794 90

This 4-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of etodolac and nabumetone in the treatment of patients with active osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Ninety-one patients received etodolac 400 mg twice daily, 89 received nabumetone 1500 mg once daily, and 90 received placebo. Both active treatments significantly improved the patients' condition relative to baseline (P < or = 0.001) at all evaluations during treatment and relative to placebo (P < or = 0.05) by visit 4. Improvement relative to placebo in investigator's global assessments was earlier in the etodolac group (ie, by visit 3) than in the nabumetone group. At visit 4, improvement in investigator's and patient's global assessment scores, and in the distribution of investigator's assessment scores, was significantly (P < or = 0.05) greater in the etodolac group than in the nabumetone group. Other than hypokalemia, which occurred only in three patients in the nabumetone group (P = 0.035), there were no significant differences among the groups in the frequency of study events or premature discontinuation from the study as a result of study events. Study events considered at least possibly treatment related were reported for 26 patients in the etodolac group (28.6%), 20 in the nabumetone group (22.5%), and 23 in the placebo group (25.6%). The most frequently reported symptoms for all groups were dyspepsia, nausea, and headache. Four patients treated with nabumetone (4.5%) had elevations in aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase during treatment. The results of this study show that etodolac 400 mg twice daily is at least as effective as nabumetone 1500 mg once daily and is equally well tolerated in the treatment of patients with active OA of the knee; etodolac may have an earlier onset of action and/or a relatively greater efficacy in patient and investigator global assessments than nabumetone.
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PMID:Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the safety and efficacy of orally administered etodolac and nabumetone in patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee. 856 24

The clinical trial development programme of mirtazapine (Org 3770), performed in Europe and the United States, demonstrated an outstanding safety profile of this compound. The evaluation of the safety was based on data from all patients who took at least one dose of study medication during studies comparing mirtazapine with placebo, amitriptyline or other active comparators. A general indication of mirtazapine's safety is the significantly lower percentage of patients (65%) who complained of any adverse clinical experiences compared with the placebo- (76%) or amitriptyline-treated group (87%). Moreover, drop-out rates due to adverse clinical experiences were significantly lower than in the amitriptyline-treatment group. Mirtazapine has virtually no anticholinergic, adrenergic or typical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) side effects. The only significantly higher incidences versus placebo were seen in the adverse clinical effects of drowsiness (23% versus 14%), excessive sedation (19% versus 5%), dry mouth (25% versus 16%), increased appetite (11% versus 2%) and weight increase (10% versus 1%). These complaints were typically mild and transient in nature, and decreased over time despite increased doses of mirtazapine. In contrast, significantly higher incidences of headache (5% versus 10%) and weight decrease (2% versus 6%), symptoms commonly seen in depressed patients, were recorded in the placebo-treated patients. Also, typical SSRI adverse events, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and insomnia, and symptoms of sexual dysfunction were registered less frequently in mirtazapine-treated patients than in the placebo-treated patients. Approximately 10% of the mirtazapine-treated patients in the clinical trial programme were older than 65 years. The pattern of adverse clinical experiences seen in this group of patients is fully in line with that seen in the overall patient population. The analysis of vital sign indices, i.e. blood pressure and heart rate, showed that no changes occurred with mirtazapine treatment; this pattern was fully comparable to that seen with placebo. Furthermore, very low incidences of clinically relevant changes in laboratory indices, such as the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase or neutropenia, were recorded in each treatment group. Mirtazapine has a very low seizure-inducing potential: only one case was recorded in a patient with a history of seizures during previous treatment with clomipramine. The low seizure-inducing potential combined with a lack of cardiotoxic properties allows safety in an overdose of mirtazapine, even in elderly patients. The only symptom seen in the patients taking an overdose of mirtazapine alone or in combination with other drugs was excessive but transient somnolence, which resolved spontaneously within a few hours. In conclusion, the new antidepressant mirtazapine offers clinicians a unique combination of strong efficacy and good safety.
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PMID:Safety of mirtazapine: a review. 893 8

Cryptococcosis is the commonest fungal infection of the CNS and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient patients [1]. It has been occasionally described in immunocompetent patients [2]. We report a patient with no predisposing factors who was treated with flucytosine and amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis. Following treatment, she developed a reversible acute cerebellar syndrome that was probably secondary to the administration of flucytosine, an adverse effect that has not previously been described [3, 4]. An 87-year old women with no relevant personal or family history was admitted to the hospital for headache, fever, and confusion over the past week. The vital signs, general and neurological examination were normal. In laboratory tests, the urine, urea nitrogen, glucose, bilirubin, electrolytes, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, haematocrit, white-cell count, and platelet were also normal. A lumbar puncture was performed which showed: 60 typical lymphocytes per ml, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity 6 U.l-1 (normal under 4 U.l-1), proteins 75.7 mg.dl-1, and glucose 13 mg.dl-1 with a glycaemia of 120 mg.dl-1. The microbiology study showed staining and a positive culture for Cryptococcus neoformans, and an antigen titre of 1/2080. The serology for HIV infection was negative, and other predisposing factors for this fungal infection, such as immunological defects, a lymphoreticular malignancy and sarcoidosis were excluded. A CT scan of the cranial-thoracic-abdominal regions was normal and tumour markers were absent.
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PMID:Acute cerebellopathy as a probable toxic effect of flucytosine. 911 68


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