Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1) Liver cirrhosis was induced in male rats by treatment with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone for 130-142 days. Detailed histological examination showed all livers from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride had annular fibrosis, necrosis, loss of normal hepatic architecture and other features that were consistent with an established micronodular cirrhosis. (2) Plasma biochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in total protein concentration (13%), which was due entirely to a reduction in plasma albumin (29%). There were also large increases in the plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase (110%) and aspartate aminotransferase (159%), when compared to phenobarbitone-treated controls. Plasma cholesterol was also increased (67%), but other plasma analytes were not significantly altered. (3) The soleus (Type I), plantaris (Type II) and gastrocnemius (Types I and II) muscles were dissected and examined for possible differential effects. There were minor reductions in all three muscle weights, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. The protein, RNA and DNA concentrations, total muscle content and content relative to body weight in cirrhotic rats were also not significantly altered in any of the muscles. Cirrhosis did not cause any perturbations in derived parameters, i.e. amount of synthetic apparatus per cell, RNA/DNA ratio, apparent cell size, protein/DNA ratio and the capacity for protein synthesis or RNA/protein ratio. (4) The gastrocnemius was fractionated into soluble, stromal and myofibrillar proteins. The concentrations and contents of all three proteins were unaltered in cirrhotic animals, compared to controls. (5) It is concluded that in this experimental model of cirrhosis there were no effects on those skeletal muscle variables which are strikingly altered by chronic alcohol feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver histology, blood biochemistry and RNA, DNA and subcellular protein composition of various skeletal muscles of rats with experimental cirrhosis: implications for alcoholic muscle disease. 170 23

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication (0.6 g/kg, po) on lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin levels in rats. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine increased from 1- to 4-fold at 5, 8 and 24 h after 2,4-D administration, whereas serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were higher only at 8 and 24 h. Amylase levels were only increased 8 h after administration of 2,4-D and then returned to normal levels. In contrast, 2,4-D reduced the serum levels of glucose and total protein 5, 8 and 24 h and serum albumin levels 5 h after herbicide intoxication. Thus, acute intoxication with 2,4-D disrupts serum levels of several enzymes and components which are considered to be indicators of tissue injury. Most likely these alterations mainly reflect hepatic and muscle tissue damage induced by the herbicide, but significant pancreatic and kidney toxicity may also have occurred.
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PMID:Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication on some rat serum components and enzyme activities. 172 51

The response and survival of 26 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer, who received OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy from 1984 to 1990, were evaluated. OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy was comprised sequential treatment via the hepatic artery with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 (1-5 KE), and adoptive transfer of lymphocytes expanded in T-cell growth factor and sonicated tumor extract antigen. Seventeen (65%) patients responded to the therapy. The median survival time of all patients after treatment was 13 months (range, 2-63 months). Of the 20 prognostic factors analyzed, performance status (PS) alone was related to response (P less than 0.01). The response rate of the patients with a PS of 0-2 was 83% but only 25% in those with a PS of 3 or 4. In univariate analysis, 11 factors significantly influenced the survival: tumor response; size of primary tumor; menopausal status; PS; serum bilirubin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxalate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase); the extent of liver involvement; and the number and the proliferation rate of transferred lymphocytes. The MST was 22.8 months for the responders versus 2.8 months for the nonresponders (P less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the most important factor associated with survival was the tumor response, as well as PS, liver involvement, lactate dehydrogenase and albumin. These results suggest that OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy can be considered a candidate for a randomised control study and these factors should be used for stratification.
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PMID:Factors influencing the response and survival of patients with liver metastases from breast cancer receiving OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy. 173 36

In 1983 and 1984 blood was collected from 79 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined to an outdoor enclosure in southern Illinois to establish reference values for hematology and serum chemistry. Packed cell volume, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and osmolality were measured. Sex and age (adult versus juvenile) of rabbit as well as season (June to September versus October to May) and method of capture (trap versus shot) variously affected most hematology and serum chemistry variables.
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PMID:Hematology and serum chemistry of cottontail rabbits of southern Illinois. 175 30

Monoclonal gammopathies can either be benign or more commonly malignant. The commonest disease associated with it is multiple myeloma. Over the seven-year period 1984-1990, two hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in one hundred and fifty-six cases (84 males and 72 females). The diagnoses of most of the others were not known as the samples came from other institutions. Of the patients with myeloma, the most common immunoglobulin type was IgG followed by IgA and then pure light chain disease. Only in about half of the cases where urine was analysed was Bence-Jones protein found. The majority of the cases had abnormal total serum protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations. Most of the cases also were in renal failure. Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred in about one-third of them. These results were not much different from those reported in other countries.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in multiple myeloma. 178 96

Several clinical chemical blood variables were compared, in order to evaluate the differences between Na heparinized plasma and serum samples. Samples from 45 healthy horses were used. No differences between the two sample substrates were found for aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase-isoenzymes, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea, total protein, alpha-globulin, gamma-globulin, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). gamma-Glutamyltransferase and beta-globulin were significantly higher in heparinized plasma than in serum (each p less than 0.05) while magnesium (Mg) was lower (p less than 0.05). From the horse group used for the study, thoroughbreds in racing condition had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, P and Mg as well as lower Ca and K values than riding horses, irrespective of the sample substrate used. It was concluded that expect for gamma-glutamyltransferase, beta-globulin and Mg, there was no significant difference between the clinical chemical variables of Na heparinized plasma and serum samples.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical chemical variables in blood plasma and serum of horses. 179 11

Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added to the diets of growing wethers (mean body weight, 34.0 kg) and was evaluated for its ability to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 5 wethers each, consuming concentrations of 0 g of HSCAS and 0 g of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control; group 1); 20 g of HSCAS/kg (2.0%; group 2), 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 3); or 20 g of HSCAS (2.0%) plus 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 4). Wethers were maintained in indoor pens, with feed and water available ad libitum for 42 days. Lambs were observed twice daily and weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses and for measurement of mitogen-induced lymphocyte-stimulation index. At the termination of the study, wethers were euthanatized and necropsied. Body weight gain was diminished significantly (P less than 0.05) by consumption of 2.6 mg of AF/kg of feed, whereas body weight of lambs consuming HSCAS plus AF did not differ from that of control wethers. The AF-alone treatment increased serum aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, prothrombin time, and cholesterol, uric acid, and triglyceride values and decreased albumin, glucose, and urea nitrogen values, and urea-to-creatine ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diminution of aflatoxin toxicity to growing lambs by dietary supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. 185 May 85

In samples collected from 170 dogs suspected of having hepatobiliary disease, preprandial serum bile acids (PRSBA) and postprandial serum bile acids (POSBA) concentrations were measured, using a spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Dogs were assigned to 8 disease groups and 1 control group on the basis of hepatic histopathologic findings. Pre- and postprandial SBA concentrations and results of routine biochemical analyses (including total bilirubin, albumin, and BUN concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities) were expressed, using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Single tests and combinations of tests in series were evaluated. For diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease, the specificity of PRSBA was 100% at values greater than 20 mumol/L and of POSBA was 100% at values greater than 25 mumol/L. Test combinations with the best sensitivity for diagnosing the following diseases were: PRSBA-POSBA for cirrhosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; PRSBA-POSBA or PRSBA-ALP for cholestasis; PRSBA-POSBA or ALT-AST for chronic hepatitis; PRSBA-ALT for hepatic necrosis and passive congestion; and PRSBA-ALP for neoplasia. Test combinations with the overall highest sensitivity and positive predictive value for the fewest number of tests were PRSBA-POSBA, and either PRSBA or POSBA combined with an enzyme activity (ALT, AST, or ALP). The overall test efficacy for PRSBA vs POSBA was nearly identical: for PRSBA, it was 82.4%, and for POSBA, it was 82.3%. On the basis of the results of this study, PRSBA greater than 20 mumol/L or POSBA greater than 25 mumol/L (measured by use of an enzymatic procedure) indicates histopathologic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system or portosystemic vascular anastomosis. Seemingly, determination of SBA concentrations can be used to indicate the propriety for hepatic biopsy. Pre- and postprandial serum bile acids concentrations should be evaluated in conjunction with routinely used hepatobiliary screening tests for best diagnostic advantage.
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PMID:Evaluation of twelve-hour preprandial and two-hour postprandial serum bile acids concentrations for diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs. 189 31

Ten minutes after an intravenous flooding dose of phenylalanine to rats, plasma sodium and calcium concentrations were slightly reduced (by 2-7%) but no effects on potassium or phosphate were observed. Creatine kinase activities were significantly increased by phenylalanine injection (by 39%), but alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were unaltered. Plasma concentrations of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and glucose were also unaffected. In the presence of anaesthesia, phenylalanine injection had almost identical effects, although the increase in creatine kinase activities did not reach statistical significance. Anaesthesia for 10 min reduced plasma potassium concentrations (by 27%), and calcium (by 5%), though phosphate and sodium were unaltered. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were reduced by between 36-52%, but alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were unaltered by anaesthesia. Plasma concentrations of total proteins and albumin were also reduced (both by 9%), but glucose concentrations were increased (by 33%). Anaesthesia had no other significant effects on cholesterol, triglycerides, urea or creatinine concentrations. The qualitative effects of anaesthesia in the presence of raised free phenylalanine concentrations were similar. It was concluded that, except for creatine kinase, determinations of plasma constituents in phenylalanine-injected rats could be made without overt interpretational errors. However, caution is required in interpreting data on plasma constituents from anaesthetized rats.
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PMID:Measurement of protein synthesis by the phenylalanine flooding dose technique: effect of phenylalanine and anaesthesia on plasma electrolyte, enzyme and metabolite levels. 198 47

Indocyanine green clearance was measured in 23 symptomatic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who were followed up for 6 months. Ten patients either died (n = 4) from their primary biliary cirrhosis or underwent liver transplantation (n = 6) during the follow-up period. Indocyanine green clearance and other liver function test results were compared between the survivors (n = 13) and those who had died or undergone transplantation (n = 10). Indocyanine green clearance, bilirubin, bile acids, albumin, and prothrombin ratio differed significantly between the two groups, whereas age, alkaline phosphatase, globulin, and aspartate aminotransferase did not. Indocyanine green clearance gave better discrimination between the two groups than the other liver function tests, including bilirubin. There was a close correlation between indocyanine green clearance and bilirubin in patients who died or were transplanted. Further studies are necessary to define whether indocyanine green clearance is clinically useful in selecting patients for transplantation and in the timing of intervention.
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PMID:Preliminary study of indocyanine green clearance in primary biliary cirrhosis. 200 92


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