Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and tolerance of clarithromycin (250 mg twice daily) were compared with those of roxithromycin (150 mg twice daily) in an open, multicentre trial of 77 inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. Sixty-five patients were clinically evaluable (34, clarithromycin; 31 roxithromycin). Efficacy was comparable between treatment groups: 26 of 34 patients (76%) treated with clarithromycin were clinically cured, including four with atypical pneumonia. In the roxithromycin group 25 of 31 patients (81%) were clinically cured and one was improved. Cough, appearance of sputum, and fever improved in most patients in both treatment groups. Chest X-rays after treatment showed resolution or improvement in 76% of patients who received clarithromycin and 87% of those who received roxithromycin. The clinical evaluation of the response generally agreed with the bacteriological response. Among patients who were bacteriologically evaluable for four target organisms (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis) the pathogen was eradicated in four of seven (57%) in the clarithromycin-treated group and in five of six (83%) in the roxithromycin-treated group. Adverse events were reported in more patients who received roxithromycin (21.6%) than in those who received clarithromycin (12.5%) although the incidences were not statistically significantly different. The majority of adverse events were transient increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Clarithromycin was shown to be effective and well-tolerated; the clinical efficacy and safety of clarithromycin and roxithromycin were comparable.
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PMID:Comparative study of clarithromycin and roxithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. 182 96

The nature of changes in the lipid profile caused by an acute infection is controversial. The aims of the present study were to study the changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in community-acquired pneumonia, to determine whether these changes differ according to the aetiologica/agents, and finally to observe the behaviour of these lipoproteins six months later. Sixty patients, aged between 18 and 87 years, admitted during the period September 1992 and April 1993 with suspected community-acquired pneumonia, were included in the study. Fifty-three of the patients completed the 15-day follow-up investigation, and 37 remained available for study for up to 6 months. On admission and at 15 and 180 days, analyses were carried out for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B, triacylglycerols and transaminases. Student's t test for parametric variables was used for statistical analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables. The concentrations of total cholesterol (4.2 +/- 1.0 vs 5.5 +/- 1.3 mmol/1), HDL cholesterol (0.9 +/- 0.4 vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l), apolipoprotein A1 (0.80 +/- 0.25 vs 1.15 +/- 0.28 g/l) and apolipoprotein B (0.77 +/- 0.28 vs 0.95 +/- 0.28 g/l) showed significantly lower values during the acute infectious process. These analyte concentrations became stable after 15 days with the exception of HDL cholesterol which continued to increase until 6 months (1.2 +/- 0.3 vs 1.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, p < 0.01). Patients with non-viral atypical pneumonia showed, on admission, higher triacylglycerol values (1.8 +/- 0.8 vs 1.3 +/- 0.9 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol values (0.6 +/- 0.3 vs 1.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, p < 0.03). Values of aspartate aminotransferase (112 +/- 117 vs 23 +/- 11 U/l, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (127 +/- 141 vs 24 +/- 16 U/l, p < 0.02) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (113 +/- 158 vs 33 +/- 25 U/l, p < 0.03) were higher in the subgroup of non-viral atypical pneumonia. In conclusion, patients with community-acquired pneumonia present a significant decline in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and B concentrations. Lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol are maintained up 15 days. Patients with non-viral atypical pneumonia present on admission significantly higher triacylglycerol and lower HDL cholesterol values. Those with non-viral atypical pneumonia also present higher transaminase values.
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PMID:Variation in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in community-acquired pneumonia a six-month prospective study. 872 12

The aim of this study was to characterise community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by atypical pathogens by combining distinctive clinical and epidemiological features and novel biological markers. A population-based prospective study of consecutive patients with CAP included investigation of biomarkers of bacterial infection, e.g., procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. Clinical, radiological and laboratory data for patients with CAP caused by atypical pathogens were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis with data for patients with typical pathogens and patients from whom no organisms were identified. Two predictive scoring models were developed with the most discriminatory variables from multivariate analysis. Of 493 patients, 94 had CAP caused by atypical pathogens. According to multivariate analysis, patients with atypical pneumonia were more likely to have normal white blood cell counts, have repetitive air-conditioning exposure, be aged <65 years, have elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels, have been exposed to birds, and have lower serum levels of LBP. Two different scoring systems were developed that predicted atypical pathogens with sensitivities of 35.2% and 48.8%, and specificities of 93% and 91%, respectively. The combination of selected patient characteristics and laboratory data identified up to half of the cases of atypical pneumonia with high specificity, which should help clinicians to optimise initial empirical therapy for CAP.
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PMID:Clinical characterisation of pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens combining classic and novel predictors. 1732 27

Levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone agent, has a broad spectrum that covers Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and atypical pathogens. It demonstrates good clinical efficacy in the treatment of various infections, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral LVFX 500 mg once daily, a large open-label clinical trial was conducted in 1266 patients (899 with LRTIs and 367 with UTIs) at 32 centers in China. In the per-protocol population, the clinical efficacy rate (cure or improvement) at 7 to 14 days after the end of treatment was 96.4% (666/691) for LRTIs and 95.7% (267/279) for UTIs. In 53 patients diagnosed with atypical pneumonia the treatment was effective. The bacteriological efficacy rate was 96.6% (256/265) for LRTIs and 93.3% (126/135) for UTIs. The eradication rate of the causative pathogens was 100% (33/33) for Haemophilus influenzae and 96.0% (24/25) for Streptococcus pneumoniae in LRTIs, and 94.1% (80/85) for Escherichia coli in UTIs. The overall efficacy rates were 89.3% (617/691) for LRTIs and 87.8% (245/279) for UTIs. The incidence of drug-related adverse events (ADRs) was 17.3% (215/1245), and the incidence of drug-related laboratory abnormalities was 15.7% (191/1213). Common ADRs were dizziness, nausea, and insomnia. Common laboratory abnormalities included "WBC decreased", "alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased", "aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased", and "lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased". All of these events were mentioned in the package inserts of fluoroquinolones including LVFX, and most events were mild and transient. Thirty-four patients (2.7%) were withdrawn from the study because of the ADRs. No new ADRs were found. This study concluded that the dosage regimen of LVFX 500 mg once daily was effective and tolerable for the treatment of LRTIs and UTIs.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of oral levofloxacin 500 mg once-daily dosage for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections: a prospective multicenter study in China. 1985 68