Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) is a sensitive but nonspecific index hepatobiliary disease. In infectious mononucleosis (IM) or the mononucleosis-like disease attributable to cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus-induced IM), GGTP reverted to normal later than aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In three cases elevated serum GGTP activity persisted for up to 24 months -- raising the question of persistent 'post-IM' hepatitis. Such prolonged GGTP activity was unusual in other late IM specimens. Possible, but unlikely, causes for such persistent GGTP activity are an unusual degree of hepatic damage during acute IM, excessive induction of microsomal enzyme system activity by drugs, or unusual Epstein-Barr virus carrier state activation that might contribute to ongoing hepatic structural damage. Other markers of chronic hepatocellular disease including aspartate aminotrasferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in late specimens from these 3 patients. The cause of their persistent elevated GGTP activities remains unknown.
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PMID:Late persistence of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after mononucleosis. Report of 3 cases. 1 21

A 71-yr-old male presented with a 2-month history of fever, malaise, and weight loss. Physical exam revealed chorioretinitis. Laboratory studies were notable for elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Immunoglobulin G antibody to Toxoplasma gondii was positive to a dilution of 1:4096, whereas serologic studies for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Brucella, and Tularemia were negative. A percutaneous biopsy of the liver revealed hepatic granulomas. Culture of the biopsy specimen was negative for growth of mycobacteria or fungi. Spontaneous improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters occurred over a 4-month period.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and hepatic granulomas. 222 Jul 41

The present report describes the clinical and laboratory profile of 82 previously healthy individuals who developed cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced mononucleosis. Many of these patients posed initial diagnostic problems and were hospitalized with diagnoses such as fever of undetermined origin, active viral hepatitis, acute leukemia, probable systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and severe pancytopenia. These patients underwent a variety of diagnostic biopsies, including liver biopsies (6) and bone marrow aspirations (9). Four patients had exploratory laparotomies, 1 for a ruptured spleen, and another had a splenectomy following an erroneous initial diagnosis of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. There was no apparent clinical response to a short course of steroid therapy in 3 of 5 cases and acyclovir in another. The vast majority of these patients demonstrated infectious mononucleosis-type reactive blood smears, negative heterophil antibody studies, mildly or moderately elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, and evidence for subclinical hemolysis on serial specimens. The peak serum bilirubin levels were above 2.0 mg/dl in only 2 of 71 cases tested, both of the latter patients having significant hemolysis (hemoglobin values 8.6-9.3 g/dl). The CMV-IgM test had a high sensitivity for detection of CMV macroglobulins (positive in 81 of 82 cases). In contrast, complement-fixing antibodies to CMV showed diagnostic four-fold titer changes in only 39/82 cases (47.6%). Despite its great sensitivity, the CMV-IgM test is limited by a one-way crossreaction of acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-IM sera and spurious positive reactions in some sera due to the presence of rheumatoid factors. Based on EBV-specific serologic studies, the 82 patients with CMV-IM could be divided into 4 groups: 3 patients without antibodies to EBV; 2) 69 patients with uncomplicated serologic data indicative of long-past EBV infections; (3) 6 patients with unusual antibody profiles, e.g., anti-D responses; and (4) 5 patients, including 1 originally susceptible to EBV, with apparent dual CMV/EBV infections. At the conclusion of our study, final diagnoses and initial hematologic data were correlated in 750 cases in which CMV macroglobulins were searched for. The vast majority of patients with active CMV infections initially demonstrated either markedly or moderately reactive peripheral blood smears. These data support our impression that diagnostic tests for CMV, as well as for EBV, are seldom indicated in symptomatic previously healthy patients whose blood smears during the acute phase (first several weeks) of their illnesses are either nonreactive or minimally reactive.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory evaluation of cytomegalovirus-induced mononucleosis in previously healthy individuals. Report of 82 cases. 300 99

A group of 295 adult male patients from Cairo, Egypt, with acute hepatitis were studied. Acute hepatitis A was diagnosed in 8 patients (2.7%), hepatitis B in 115 (38.9%), delta infection in 19 (6.4%) and possible Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus-mediated hepatitis in 7 patients (2.4%). The remaining 146 patients (49.5%) were considered to have hepatitis non-A non-B. The clinical presentation of the various causes of hepatitis was similar, although patients with hepatitis B and delta infection had significantly higher mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels than patients diagnosed as having hepatitis non-A non-B. Various risk factors for the acquisition of hepatitis were evaluated. A history of an injection for medical treatment and a history of anti-schistosomal therapy were significantly associated with delta infection when compared to patients with either hepatitis B or non-A non-B (P less than 0.05). Hepatitis non-A non-B is a major cause of acute hepatitis in adults living in Cairo, and an iatrogenic source of infection may be important in the epidemiology of delta infection.
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PMID:Acute sporadic hepatitis in adults living in Cairo, Egypt. 309 92

We evaluated serial enzyme and bilirubin determinations as aids to diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis (121 cases) and the heterophil-negative mononucleosis-like illness due to cytomegalovirus (33 cases). Laboratory evidence for either type of mononucleosis includes mild to moderate hepatic dysfunction, with aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, but lower than commonly encountered in active viral hepatitis. Of the enzymes commonly assayed in evaluating liver function, aspartate aminotransferase activity was the most commonly abnormal: in 96.7% of those with Epstein-Barr virus disease and 87.9% with cytomegalovirus disease. Values for alkaline phosphatase were increased in 94.2% of the Epstein-Barr virus cases and 63.6% of the cytomegalovirus cases, and gamma-glutamyltransferase values were increased in 90.9% and 75.8%, respectively. We conclude that, in serially studied patients, normal results for liver-function studies or very high aspartate aminotransferase activities (greater than 1000 U/L) eliminate, for practical purposes, both Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus as diagnostic considerations.
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PMID:Hepatic function in mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. 610 48

Heroin abusers are frequently found to have abnormal liver function tests and hepatic histology. Hepatitis viruses A, B, and NANB, other drugs or drug contaminants and excessive alcohol consumption are factors thought to contribute. One hundred and sixteen heroin abusers attending a London treatment centre were studied. Sixty two (53%) had a raised aspartate transaminase. This was not explained by current infection with hepatitis A and B, cytomegalo or Epstein-Barr viruses, excessive alcohol consumption (greater than 80 g/day) or concomitant drug taking. Abnormal liver function tests were as frequent in those with markers of current or past HBV infection as those without and there was evidence that both HBV infection and the cause of the abnormal liver function tests were acquired in the first few years of intravenous drug abuse. Liver biopsies from eight patients showed chronic hepatitis with a mild lobular and portal inflammatory infiltrate, fatty change and prominent sinusoidal cells. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic trilaminar tubular structures and dense fused membranes in dilated endoplasmic reticulum. These clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological features would suggest a major role for NANB virus infection in the aetiology of hepatitis in heroin abusers.
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PMID:Clinical, biochemical, serological, histological and ultrastructural features of liver disease in drug abusers. 642 58

The compound 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) is a potent inhibitor of a number of viruses in vitro such as human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. PMEA also proved to be effective in vivo against feline immunodeficiency virus in cats and simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys. In an open, non-placebo-controlled trial, the safety of weekly doses of PMEA in 10 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex was studied for a period of 11 weeks. CD4+ T-cell counts at baseline were between 10 and 450/mm(3). The drug was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 mg. No serious side-effects were seen. On one occasion one patient showed alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels 5 times higher than the upper limit of normal and another patient showed on one occasion aspartate aminotransferase levels 5 times higher than the upper limit of normal. In another patient serum amalyse levels increased, on one occasion 1.5 times above the upper limit of normal. An improvement in general well-being was reported by all patients. For patients with a CD4+ T-cell count > 100/mm(3) at baseline, the CD4+ T-cell count increased from a mean of 283/mm(3) at baseline to a mean of 448/mm(3) at the end of the study. Repeat infusions of PMEA at a dose of 1000 mg were safe and well tolerated. Our results suggest that PMEA, administrated according to this treatment schedule, may be effective in treating patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Safety of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a pilot study. 886 29

The variable manifestations of infectious mononucleosis rarely cause clinicians to suspect primary Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus infection; consequently, costly diagnostic tests and unnecessary treatments are undertaken. Seventeen cases of clinically atypical and 11 cases of clinically typical infectious mononucleosis were diagnosed through screening for atypical and apoptotic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood samples by means of an automated hematologic analyzer. Atypical and typical cases did not differ significantly with respect to peripheral white blood cell counts; percentages of lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, CD4(+) lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen--DR positivity in CD3 lymphocytes, or apoptotic cells in blood smear after incubation; or levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Only the percentage of CD8(+) lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients with typical infectious mononucleosis than it was in patients with atypical infectious mononucleosis. Because certain atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis display laboratory abnormalities that are characteristic of typical infectious mononucleosis, enhanced awareness can help in the diagnosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis. 1138 99

A new DNA virus, referred to as SEN virus (SEN V), has been isolated and is associated with blood-product transfusion and possibly Non A to Non E hepatitis. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of SEN V in liver transplant recipients at our center. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test for 2 genotypes of SEN V (SEN V:C/H and SEN V:D) in 58 unselected patients. Comparisons were made between SEN V--positive and SEN V--negative groups in terms of age, time posttransplantation, indications for transplantation, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus status. Thirty of 58 transplant recipients (51.7%) were SEN V positive; 15.5% were positive for SEN V:C/H, 24.1% for SEN:D, and 12.1% for both strains. No significant differences were found based on primary indication for transplantation, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). Of the 14 of 21 patients with HCV seropositivity and HCV reinfection, 79% were positive for SEN V (P =.02). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with abnormal serum ALT and/or AST levels. A trend for the SEN V--positive group to have a greater mean ALT level (82 v 41 U/L; P =.067) was attributable to the subgroup with HCV recurrence because there was no difference in mean ALT levels (34.9 v 34.5 U/L; P =.968) in non--HCV-infected transplant recipients. Even in the subgroup (n = 14) with recurrent HCV, there was no statistically significant difference in mean ALT levels (140 v 105 U/L; P =.665). Age and cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus status were not significantly different between the 2 groups, but a significant difference in posttransplantation time was noted (16.8 v 32 months; P =.021). We conclude that SEN V is common among liver transplant recipients but does not appear to cause graft dysfunction as an isolated agent. There is a suggestion that SEN V may be associated with HCV recurrence, but we did not detect biochemical differences attributable to SEN V.
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PMID:A cross-sectional study of SEN virus in liver transplant recipients. 1144 81

The characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Chinese children are rarely reported. To evaluate the clinical presentations and risk factors for complications of EBV-associated IM in previously healthy children in Taiwan, hospitalized children with the diagnosis of IM due to EBV infection from January 1998 to December 2002 were enrolled. Patients had to fulfill the serologic criteria for the diagnosis of primary EBV infection [viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin M (IgM)-(+), viral capsid antigen IgG-(+), and anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibody-(-) with exclusion of other concurrent infections or underlying diseases]. Ninety eight children were eligible, with 79% younger than 5 years old (mean, 4.0 +/- 2.3 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Nearly all patients suffered from fever (mean duration 10.3 +/- 6.0 days). Cough/rhinorrhea, tonsillopharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were found over half of the patients. Atypical lymphocytosis (mean, 12 +/- 13%) and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; mean, 167 +/- 183 IU/L) and alanine aminotransferase (mean, 221 +/- 222 IU/L) were the most striking laboratory findings. Various complications, including hematologic, hepatobiliary, central nervous system, and obstructive airway problems occurred in about 20% of patients with significantly prolonged course of hospitalization. All patients recovered uneventfully under supportive and immunomodulating management. Female gender, no signs of tonsillopharyngitis, white blood cell count < or =10,000/mm3 and AST > or =150 IU/L were significant risk factors for the occurrence of complications. Clinicians should monitor such patients closely and give proper treatment to decrease possible morbidity or even mortality should complications occur.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis and risk factor analysis for complications in hospitalized children. 1611 72


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