Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using an enzyme immunoassay of creatine kinase (CK)-MB concentration commercially available for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we studied CK-MB concentrations in myocardium of subjects who died from noncardiac causes and in cardiac explants of patients with either coronary heart disease or cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac transplantation. Secondly, CK-MB concentrations were measured in serial plasma samples of 93 patients with AMI. By calculation of cumulatively released amounts of CK-MB and cumulatively released activities of CK, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), we obtained values of the proportions in which these quantities were released from the myocardium. Taking a myocardial HBDH activity of 152 U/g as a reference value, the released activities of CK and AST, and the released mass of CK-MB per gram of myocardium were calculated. These values were compared to the corresponding quantities in myocardium of normal hearts and in explanted myocardium. Normal hearts differ from explanted myocardium and from "infarcted" hearts with respect to CK-MB concentration, but not with respect to CK, AST and HBDH activities. The wide range of CK-MB concentrations in normal hearts (1-515 micrograms/g) suggests variable expression of the CK-MB gene. The presence of CK-MB is not confined to cardiac tissue. CK-MB concentration in 12 samples of human skeletal muscle equalled 27 +/- 1 micrograms/g (2.1 +/- 0.5% of total CK activity). In conclusion, the mean concentration of CK-MB in normal hearts is low (139 micrograms/g) with a high variation coefficient (127%), but is high (369 micrograms/g) with a small variation coefficient (31%) in explanted hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Myocardial creatine kinase-MB concentration in normal and explanted human hearts and released from hearts of patients with acute myocardial infarction. 142 34

Groups of 20 rats and 20 mice of each sex were administered monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) once daily, 5 days per week, in water by gavage for up to 13 weeks. Doses used were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg/kg for rats and 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg for mice. Compound-related deaths occurred at the four highest dose levels in rats and at the highest dose level in mice. Mean body weights of treated groups of rats and mice surviving until the end of the study were similar to those of the controls. A dose-related increase in blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as a dose-related increase in the relative liver and kidney weights was observed in rats but not in mice. A dose-related increase in the incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy occurred in rats. This lesion may be related to the inhibition of heart mitochondrial aconitase activity. No compound-related lesions were observed in mice. The results of this study indicate that F344 rats are more sensitive than B6C3F1 mice; sexes within the species were equally sensitive. The no-observable-effect level was estimated as 30 mg MCAA/kg body weight for rats and 100 mg MCAA/kg body weight for mice.
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PMID:Toxicity of monochloroacetic acid administered by gavage to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice for up to 13 weeks. 153 74

Recent studies indicate that in animals with marked cardiac hypertrophy, there is depressed function of Ca2+ sequestration by myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) because of down regulation of the Ca(2+)-ATPase gene. However, in several animal models we have observed enhancement of myocardial Ca2+ sequestration in response to chronic cardiac stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that in animals with mild cardiac hypertrophy, there is enhanced Ca(2+)-cycling activity by the SR Ca2+ pump and Ca(2+)-release channel. Because creatine kinase activity is consistently decreased in cardiomyopathy, we also determined whether enhanced Ca2+ cycling was accompanied by down regulation or inhibition of the creatine kinase system. Mild cardiac hypertrophy was induced by volume overload; 2% salt was added to the diet of 2-week-old turkey poults for 4 weeks. Compared with age-matched controls, volume overload resulted in 14.3% increase in heart weight and 21.5% increase in heart-to-body weight ratios. The hypertrophied heart had approximately 20% increased activities of the SR Ca2+ pump and the SR Ca2+ channel. Net Ca2+ transport was increased by 16.5%. Compared with controls and in contrast to several other myocardial enzymes, creatine kinase activity was diminished in the hypertrophied hearts by 23% and creatine content was decreased by 8%. Differences between groups were not detected for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. We concluded that an early adaptation of the myocardium undergoing hypertrophy in compensatory response to functional overload is an enhancement of Ca2+ cycling activity by the Ca2+ pump and Ca2+ channel of the SR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of mild cardiac hypertrophy, induced by volume overload in turkeys, on myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-pump and calcium-channel activities and on the creatine kinase system. 165 61

Furazolidone (FZ) was administered to 42-day-old female Japanese quails as a feed additive at doses of 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm for a period of 28 days. Dose-dependent effects were observed. High levels of FZ (600 and 800 ppm) significantly altered growth, decreased feed consumption, caused marked atrophy of the ovaries and oviducts leading to cessation of egg laying, and resulted in higher mortality. Hepatotoxicity was evidenced by an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in serum total protein, in addition to degenerative changes of the hepatocytes in FZ-treated birds. A rise in serum urea was also observed. Symptoms leading to death included a loss of appetite causing emaciation followed by nervous disturbances (compulsive movements and circling). No signs of cardiomyopathy were observed. Japanese quails did not tolerate FZ at a concentration (400 ppm) recommended for the prevention of salmonellosis in poultry.
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PMID:Toxicological and biological studies on Japanese quails fed graded levels of furazolidone. 209 13

Beating rat heart cultures were prepared in vitro and infected with Coxsackie B-2 virus. The cells were evaluated in the post-infected period for changes in cardiac enzymes, alterations in beating frequency and cytotoxicity as measured by chromium 51 (51Cr) release. The cardiac enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in infected and uninfected controls over a period of 120 h. Enzyme levels in the infected cells remained essentially the same for the first 42 h as compared to the controls. At this time, the LDH levels increased rapidly reaching 116 +/- 24.8 U/l while the controls remained at 46.9 +/- 9.7 U/l. Aspartate aminotransferase levels increased at a slower rate and obtained a level of 104 +/- 20.2 U/l compared to 66.6 +/- 13.2 U/l in the control. Visual evidence of cellular damage as measured by decreased beating frequencies and the appearance of cytopathic effect was first noted at 42 h post-infection. Complete loss of cardiac beats and maximal viral cytopathic effect occurred at 96 h post-infection. Cardiac cellular damage as measured by cytotoxicity assay was found to parallel those changes seen in cardiac enzymes. No significant changes in cytotoxicity were observed for the first 24 h; however, at 48 h increased release of 51Cr was noted and visual evidence of viral replication also was present. The cardiac enzyme changes noted in beating rat heart cells appear to be similar to those changes reported in patients with viral-induced myocardial disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Coxsackie B-2 virus infection in rat beating heart cell culture. 300 12

The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981-1986). 318 90

A 7-year-old adult male ferret had progressive hair loss that was bilaterally symmetric. Also clinically evident were severe dehydration, polydipsia, muffled heart sounds, weak femoral pulses, hepatomegaly, lethargy, weakness, temporal muscular atrophy, dyspnea, and weakness. The blood profile of the ferret indicated profound leukopenia, eosinopenia, and high phosphorus, BUN, creatinine, and potassium concentrations, as well as high aspartate transaminase activity; the albumin concentration was low. The serum cortisol concentration was 8.1 micrograms/dl. Necropsy and histologic findings confirmed a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, complicated by dilatative cardiomyopathy, chronic active hepatitis, and renal disease.
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PMID:Hyperadrenocorticism in a ferret. 365 2

The medical records of 100 cats with distal aortic thromboembolism were reviewed. The average age was 7.7 years, with the neutered male being the most common signalment (63%). Evidence of preexisting cardiac disease was noted in 11% of the cases. A murmur or arrhythmia was noted in 57% of the cases on presentation. Frequent laboratory abnormalities included elevations in blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Radiographic and electrocardiographic abnormalities were common (89% and 85%, respectively). The most frequent, underlying disease was hypertrophic feline cardiomyopathy (58%), with the left atrial size (as measured by M-mode) significantly increased in the majority of cases (mean left atrial-to-aortic ratio, 2.08). The average, long-term survival in the 37% of cases which survived the initial thromboembolic episode was 11.5 months. The remaining cases either died (28%) or were euthanized (35%).
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PMID:A retrospective study of 100 cases of feline distal aortic thromboembolism: 1977-1993. 858 44

Propolis (bee glue) is one of the major hive products of bees and is rich in flavonoids, which are known for antioxidant activities. Doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy is the consequence of oxidative stress through the mediation of free radicals. The effect of intraperitoneal administration of propolis (50 and 100 mg/kg) was studied on cardiomyopathy produced by doxorubicin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood and tissue glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in heart were estimated to assess the status of heart muscle. An elevation of the levels of CK, AST, GSH, and TBARS was observed following doxorubicin treatment. Parallel experiments with a pretreatment of propolis significantly reduced the levels of these parameters . Biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of heart sections. The protective effect of propolis was compared with that of rutin, a known cardioprotective flavonoid. The study demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of propolis in doxorubicin-induced experimental cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:Propolis protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy in rats. 861 23

Plasma/serum beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) activity is known to be increased in chronic alcoholism, liver disorders, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Hex activity also shows an association with risk factors for vascular disease and heredity for arteriosclerosis. There are several isoenzymes of Hex. Using an enzyme immunoassay for Hex isoenzymes (Hex A and Hex B) we studied possible determinants of Hex isoenzymes and their relation to vascular disease in randomly invited (n = 244) 35-95-year-old men and women. In both sexes there were significant age-related increases in Hex activities and men exhibited higher activity of both isoenzymes. Both Hex isoenzymes correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and liver enzymes, whereas Hex A was distinguished from Hex B by its stronger correlation with blood glucose. In multiple linear regression analysis Hex A was explained to 20.7% by blood glucose, age, serum aspartate aminotransferase and glutamyl transpeptidase. Hex B was explained to 14% by age, serum glutamyl transpeptidase and serum triglycerides. There was no significant increase in Hex isoenzymes in subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or myocardial disease, nor did current smokers exhibit any increase of these enzymes compared to non-smokers. The main conclusion in that liver function, as reflected by the level of liver enzymes and glucose metabolism, is the major determinant for Hex isoenzymes in plasma.
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PMID:beta-Hexosaminidase isoenzymes A and B in middle-aged and elderly subjects: determinants of plasma levels and relation to vascular disease. 888 76


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