Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For patients with chronic hepatitis B e (HBe)-positive hepatitis, long-term results of pilot studies with lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha, acyclovir, or a combination, and of a randomized controlled trial of interferon/desciclovir combination therapy are presented. HBe seroconversion was observed in more than 40 percent of patients treated with combination therapy, 30 percent with interferon therapy, 18 percent with acyclovir, and 0 percent with no treatment. HBe reactivation occurred in two patients with cirrhosis. Hepatitis B surface seroconversion followed HBe seroconversion in 11 to 30 percent of treated patients. HBe seroconversion was significantly related to initial low levels of viral replication and to transient aminotransferase elevation during the second half of the interferon treatment of 16 weeks. Clinical improvement and persistent normalization of aspartate aminotransferase was observed in all patients with HBe seroconversion. Conversion to a state of virus latency (HBe negative) mostly occurred after therapy, suggesting that the specific immunologic host response had been brought about by the suppression of virus replication through antiviral agents. Recommendations for selection of patients for antiviral combination therapy are made on the basis of these long-term results.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of antiviral combination therapy in chronic hepatitis B. 304 80

Sixty-six patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of juvenile onset were treated for six months with interferon alfa-n1 (Wellferon) in a randomized crossover trial. Half received interferon alfa-n1 intramuscularly at a dosage of 5 megaunits per square meter daily for 28 days and then thrice weekly for five months, followed by six months of observation. The other half were observed for six months and then treated. Operations were performed every two months to assess disease extent by a scale developed for this purpose. The score for the patients during the first observation period was stable. There was a statistically significant lowering of score in patients receiving interferon alfa-n1 during both periods of drug administration. Eight of 57 patients with assessable airway disease achieved complete remission, as did one additional patient with disease limited to the nasopharynx. No patients achieved complete remission during six months of observation alone. This difference was statistically significant. Patients without tracheostomy were significantly more likely to achieve remission than those with a tracheostomy. The patients who were observed after discontinuation of the drug therapy showed a significant rise in score within four months. Symptoms of toxicity included transient fever, fatigue, nausea, and headache. Elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels occurred in 64% of the patients. There was an inverse correlation between age and the ability to tolerate the medication. The dose studied may be close to the maximum tolerated dose. It appears that interferon alfa-n1 as an adjuvant to routine surgical management is effective in slowing the growth of respiratory papillomas.
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PMID:Randomized surgical adjuvant trial of interferon alfa-n1 in recurrent papillomatosis. 304 38

Forty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B were entered into a randomized controlled trial of recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy. All patients had hepatitis B surface antigen in serum for at least 1 yr and had stable serum levels of both hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid and hepatitis B e antigen. During the 4-mo period of therapy, 10 of 31 (32%) treated patients and only 1 of 14 (7%) control patients became negative for serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. All 10 patients who became negative for serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid subsequently had a marked improvement in serum aminotransferase activities and lost hepatitis B e antigen from serum, and 9 of them had improvement in liver histology. Comparison of responders to nonresponders indicated that female sex and a high initial level of serum aspartate aminotransferase correlated best with response to interferon therapy. These findings indicate that a 4-mo course of recombinant alpha-interferon can induce a remission in disease in approximately one-third of patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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PMID:Randomized, controlled trial of recombinant human alpha-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis B. 304 16

24 patients with advanced, histologically proven cancer were treated with difluoromethylornithine 2.25 g/m2 orally every 6 h for the first 7 days of each 4-week treatment cycle. These patients also received daily i.m. doses of recombinant human alpha 2a-interferon (IFN) on Days 3 through 7 of each cycle. IFN doses of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 X 10(6) units/m2 have been studied utilizing three patients at each daily dose level. Three additional patients have been observed at each of the two highest doses for better toxicity definition. This combination produced slight transient declines in leukocyte and platelet counts and transient rises in serum aspartate aminotransferase; however, these changes were no more pronounced at the higher IFN doses than at daily doses of 6 X 10(6) units/m2. Mild nausea and vomiting occurred in most patients and mild diarrhea also was common at all IFN dose levels. Chills, fever, myalgia, lethargy and fatigue, and anorexia were also observed at all IFN doses; however, lethargy and fatigue (lassitude) seemed to be the major factor which limited patient tolerance of IFN to 48 X 10(6) units/m2 daily. No ototoxicity was identified clinically or audiometrically and no life-threatening toxicity has occurred. Initial Phase II studies in melanoma are currently in progress.
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PMID:Phase I study of difluoromethylornithine in combination with recombinant alpha 2a-interferon. 314 Oct 46

The relation between viral replication, the presence of HBsAg and pre-S2 in serum and eventual clinical outcome has been investigated in fourteen patients undergoing treatment with lymphoblastoid interferon for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In four patients permanent loss of pre-S2 was accompanied by loss of serum HBV-DNA in association with a marked elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and in each of these cases HBsAg was subsequently cleared from serum. In contrast there was no significant fluctuation in the concentration of either pre-S2 or HBsAg in four cases not responding to therapy although substantial or complete inhibition of viral replication had been observed during treatment. In the third group, permanent loss of HBV-DNA was observed but in these cases pre-S2 and HBsAg persisted in serum, albeit at lower concentrations, while in this group loss of HBV-DNA from serum was not accompanied by a flare in disease activity. These results suggest first, that assay of pre-S2 is a further measure of the response to interferon and second that in some cases interferon enhances immune recognition of both the pre-S2 and HBsAg polypeptides.
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PMID:Clearance of pre-S2 antigen: a marker of successful interferon therapy in hepatitis B virus infection. 336 39

This study set out to examine the relative effectiveness and tolerability of 12- versus 24-week courses of thrice weekly intramuscular lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of hepatitis B 'e' antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and to identify pretreatment factors predicting the outcome of therapy. Twenty patients were randomised to each treatment group. Treatment was associated with clearance of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in 59% of the 32 male patients, whereas none of the eight women responded (48% overall response rate). This response rate in males is at least three times the recorded spontaneous seroconversion rates in this population. Most of the women (5/8) were of Oriental origin and had minimal disease, factors that may have influenced response. The longer course was poorly tolerated and was therefore no more effective: eight of 20 patients withdrew because of side-effects. Variables associated with response included high AST (aspartate transaminase), short duration of disease and previous history of acute hepatitis. A response to antiviral therapy was accompanied by clinical and biochemical evidence of improvement in liver disease.
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PMID:Lymphoblastoid interferon therapy of chronic HBV infection. A comparison of 12 vs. 24 weeks of thrice weekly treatment. 365 10

An immunologic profile may be useful to predict the development of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in both high risk patient groups including homosexuals, hemophiliacs, Haitians, and users of illicit intravenous narcotics as well as the general population. We evaluated 76 consecutive, apparently healthy, adults with congenital bleeding disorders for serum beta-2 microglobulin concentration by competitive enzyme immunoassay, T-lymphocyte subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies and serum interferon by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus plaque forming units. Findings on physical examination were remarkable with 24% of the group having longstanding splenomegaly and 24% lymphadenopathy. beta-2 microglobulin levels were 3232 +/- 220 micrograms/l (mean +/- SEM) with normal controls 2134 +/- 119 micrograms/l. The ratio of Leu3a (helper/inducer) positive to Leu2a (suppressor/cytotoxic) positive T-lymphocytes was 1.33 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM, median = 1.18). Normal control ratios were all greater than 1.35 with a mean +/- s.d. = 1.96 +/- 0.28. Abnormal ratios of T-lymphocyte subpopulations appeared to persist over time. Increases in beta-2 microglobulin correlated with an inverted helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio, the presence of lymphadenopathy, and elevations in aspartate aminotransferase. Interferon was detected in 18% of patient sera. More frequently transfused and more severely affected patients had a higher frequency of immunologic abnormalities although abnormalities also occurred in some rarely and never transfused less severely affected patients. These studies document a high incidence of immunologic abnormalities in patients with inherited coagulation defects.
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PMID:Immunologic profiles of adults with congenital bleeding disorders. 608 22

Leukocyte interferon was given by i.m. injection as adjuvant therapy to 9 patients with osteosarcoma. The dose was 3 X 10(6) standard units daily for one month, and then 3 times a week for the next 17 months. Blood samples were drawn at intervals for a number of routine tests during the 18-month course of interferon administration and during the subsequent 18 months. On withdrawal of the interferon treatment, the mean Hb concentration rose significantly and the mean ESR fell significantly. There was no significant change in the leukocyte and platelet counts or in the alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase or plasma protein levels.
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PMID:Effect of long-term treatment with human leukocyte interferon on various laboratory parameters. 615 78

The liver has an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and the level of thyroid hormones is also important to normal hepatic function and bilirubin metabolism. Besides the associations between thyroid and liver diseases of an autoimmune nature, such as that between primary biliary cirrhosis and hypothyroidism, thyroid diseases are frequently associated with liver injuries or biochemical test abnormalities. For example, thyroid diseases may be associated with elevation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which is mainly of bone origin, in hyperthyroidism and aspartate aminotransferase in hypothyroidism. Liver diseases are also frequently associated with thyroid test abnormalities or dysfunctions, particularly elevation of thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroxine. Hepatitis C virus infection has been connected with thyroid abnormalities. In addition, antithyroid drug therapy may result in hepatitis, cholestasis or transient subclinical hepatotoxicity, whereas interferon (IFN) therapy in liver diseases may also induce thyroid dysfunctions. These thyroid-liver associations may cause diagnostic confusions. Neglect of these facts may result in over of under diagnosis of associated liver or thyroid diseases and thereby cause errors in patient care. It is suggested to measure free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which are usually normal in euthyroid patients with liver disease, to rule out or rule in coexistent thyroid dysfunctions, and consider the possibility of thyroid dysfunctions in any patients with unexplained liver biochemical test abnormalities. It is also advisable to monitor patients with autoimmune liver disease or those receiving IFN therapy for the development of thyroid dysfunctions, and patients receiving antithyroid therapy for the development of hepatic injuries.
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PMID:Clinical associations between thyroid and liver diseases. 754 16

We performed two courses of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) to a child with chronic hepatitis C. A complete response was not obtained by the first interferon treatment, however, the results of the second treatment differed from those of the first. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA remained negative and both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels remained normal after completion of the second course. From these results we estimated that HCV-RNA levels before IFN therapy could be significantly associated with the efficacy of this treatment. The serum level of HCV-RNA was 10(6) copies/50 microL before the first treatment, but was 10(3) copies/50 microL before the second course. We conclude that IFN therapy to children with hepatitis C should always be directed at providing a cure. Even if the clinical effects of the first course are minimal decreasing quantities of HCV-RNA still offer hope for cure by subsequent readministration.
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PMID:Relation between serum hepatitis C virus-RNA levels and efficacy of interferon-beta therapy. 757 60


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