Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is no established model of regenerative liver resection in the baboon, and no study comparing the circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) response with the DNA synthetic response after liver resection. A mean 20% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed in 19 baboons and a sham operation comprising liver mobilisation only was performed in 20 baboons. Blood HGF levels were measured up to 5 days after either procedure, using the human HGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Otsuka, Japan). The white cell count (WCC), aspartate transaminase (AST) and bilirubin were also measured. Liver regeneration, reflected by an increase in DNA synthesis, was determined from serial liver biopsies in 23 baboons, using a tritiated thymidine assay of liver thymidine kinase (TK). Liver resection and WCC had a significant influence on circulating HGF levels. There was a linear relationship between WCC and circulating HGF levels, which was independent of PH. For a constant value of WCC, resection produced a peaking of HGF over time, with the maximal levels occurring between 2 and 3 days, compared with the linear response in HGF in sham-operated baboons. Liver damage, as reflected by AST levels, was found to have no significant influence on circulating HGF levels. The 20% PH produced a significant increase in liver TK, with maximum levels evident between 2 and 4 days. Accordingly in this baboon model of PH the increase in biologically active, circulating HGF preceded the increase in liver DNA synthesis over 5 days. This observation supports the role of HGF in hepatocyte proliferation and as an initiator of liver regeneration, and suggests that further investigation into the potential endocrine action of HGF could be studied in this established liver regenerative primate model.
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PMID:The changes in circulating hepatocyte growth factor after partial hepatectomy in the baboon. 1045 Jun 55

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often a fatal disorder in humans seen throughout the world. It was earlier diagnosed with some serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase, creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzyme CPK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase which were shown to be increased in AMI. However, in the last few years importance has been given to measuring serum troponins released from the injured myocardium to confirm an AMI. Troponin estimation involves immunological technique, which is expensive with other associated problems like shelf life of reagents, number of samples to be analysed and availability of the kit itself, used for estimation. Under these circumstances the present work involves the measurement of total salt soluble proteins which are proteins associated with troponins also released from myocardium of a patient with AMI. This new test overrules all the disadvantages of the troponin test but seems equally viable and useful for diagnosis of AMI.
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PMID:New, simple and cheap alternative to troponin test for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. 1262 17

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is uncommon in children, and its natural history is still unknown. Our aim was to analyze exposure to HCV in 48 infants and children in Argentina and to evaluate consecutive samples in 26 of them to study the outcome of HCV infection in early stages. HCV viremia, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) from the 5' untranslated region, showed continuously positive, occasionally positive, and negative patterns during follow-up. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed on RT-PCR-positive samples to evaluate HCV genotype. Genotype 1 turned out to be predominant, and no patient displayed a genotype shift during the observation period. Perinatal HCV infection was predominantly observed in patients born to mothers coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus. HCV viral load was detected by means of the AMPLICOR MONITOR, version 2.0, kit. No correlation was observed between HCV viral load and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, although we detected a trend towards higher levels among patients displaying consecutive positive HCV RT-PCR results. Our results demonstrate that pediatric HCV infection is characterized by high viral loads and diverse HCV viremia patterns, independent of both age and route of transmission in the population under study. Further research is necessary to determine whether the high rate of HCV replication is related to virus variability or to host immune response.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in infants and children from Argentina. 1500 75

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of surgical intervention on changes in liver enzymes in patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Of 623 patients who underwent laparotomy in our department during the 2 years between January 2000 and December 2001, a group of 39 (6.3%) who were positive for the HCV antibody were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholinesterase (ChE) were the standard liver tests performed. The antibody to HCV was measured in serum using an ELISA kit that can detect antibodies against the combined epitopes. The postoperative elevated values of AST and ALP in the anti-HCV-positive group were significantly higher than those in the anti-HCV-negative group ( p < 0.05). The postoperative decreased values of ChE in the anti-HCV-positive group were significantly greater than those in the anti-HCV-negative group ( p < 0.02). The postoperatively decreased ratios of ChE in the anti-HCV positive group were significantly greater than those in the anti-HCV negative group ( p < 0.0001). Using multivariate logistic regression modeling, testing positive for the antibody to HCV was independently and significantly associated with abnormal levels of ALT and ALP ( p = 0.035 and 0.018, respectively). Monitoring liver enzymes such as ChE, ALT, and ALP might be effective for evaluating liver function after surgery in anti-HCV-positive patients.
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PMID:Changes in liver enzymes after surgery in anti-hepatitis C virus-positive patients. 1517 2

Although many candidate genes have been studied in pre-eclampsia (PE), the important class of catecholamine receptors that contribute to sympathetic tone and blood pressure regulation has yet to be investigated. We therefore examined the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. We performed a prospective family-based study in 50 families (patient and both her parents) who were genotyped for three DRD4 promoter regions. These single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association using family-based association test (FBAT) that also included two quantitative measures, aspartate aminotransferase [serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT)] and systolic blood pressure. SNPs were assayed using a commercially available SNAPSHOT kit and PCR products were analysed in an ABI 310 DNA analyser. A significant association (preferential transmission of the T allele from a heterozygous parent to affected mother) was observed between the -C521T SNP and PE (P = 0.019). Significant association was also observed between the -521T allele and two-dimensional measures of PE : GOT (P = 0.039) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.036). The DRD4 promoter region -C521T SNP that reduces transcriptional efficiency of this gene is suggested to contribute to developing PE. Additionally, DRD4 -521 TT homozygosity may be a marker for severe PE.
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PMID:Association between a functional dopamine D4 receptor promoter region polymorphism (-C521T) and pre-eclampsia: a family-based study. 1645 20

During a routine paternity casework, performed with automated genotyping using an AmpFISTR Identifiler kit, an inconsistency affecting maternal segregation of D13S317 allele was encountered, manually detected as a variant allele in the mother and child. Alleles of the putative father were transmitted in 13 out of 15 autosomal STR loci, but in CSF1PO locus, there was an apparent mutation. We, therefore, directly sequenced the variant D13S317 allele in the mother and the child and compared the results to the available data on variant alleles within this STR locus. The variant allele consisted of 6 TATC repeats and an additional AATC motif, thus, by a similarity to the previously reported variant, it was labeled D13S317.6'. It seems that the variant allele is quite rare in the Polish population, however, its electrophoretic mobility between preceding TH01 alleles and that of D13S317 one, requires a careful scrutiny of automated genotyping traces to avoid misinterpretation of the results.
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PMID:[Allelic variant 6' at locus D13S317 in a paternity casework; a semi-automatic genotyping problem]. 1697 84

The current study was designed to determine the changes of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression in blood and tissue during the myocardial degeneration in calves with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Seventeen crossbred calves presenting pathological signs for FMD confirmed by viral analysis were studied. A biochemistry panel and immunohistochemistry were performed on 17 diseased calves and 7 calves used as controls. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analyzed for both groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean cTnI (14.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) concentration and CK (573 +/- 407 U/l), CK-MB (238 +/- 37 U/l), AST (84 +/- 7), and LDH (298 +/- 29 U/l) activities were higher in FMD cases compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss or depletion of cTnI expression in myocardium of all cases. None of the 7 controls showed loss of cTnI expression. Increased serum cTnI concentration correlated with myocardial injury and loss of cTnI immunolabeling in cardiomyocytes of calves with FMD.
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PMID:Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease. 1877 92

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne viral infection in haemodialysis. It causes significant morbidity and long-term mortality. Practice of universal precautions has been reported to be sufficient to prevent HCV seroconversion in dialysis units. However, the seroconversion rate remains very high in many dialysis units. A previous study from 1995 to 1998 at our own hospital without isolation showed that nosocomial transmission is the major cause of HCV seroconversion. The present study was therefore conducted with the aim to study the impact of isolation on HCV seroconversion. In this prospective cohort study, with non-probability consecutive sampling, patients with HCV infection were dialysed in an isolated room. In addition, standard universal precautions were practiced. HCV seroconversion rate was compared with the previous study. All patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) admitted to our hospital for renal replacement therapy were included in the present study. At the time of admission, HCV screening was done. All anti-HCV-positive patients were dialysed in an isolated room. While on maintenance haemodialysis, all patients were monthly tested for anti-HCV, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Any patient who had HCV seroconversion was transferred to an isolated room for maintenance haemodialysis. Patients with HCV infection were managed by further testing for HCV-RNA and liver biopsy. Every patient who ultimately received renal transplantation at our hospital was also tested for HCV just prior to renal transplantation as well as 3 months after renal transplantation. HCV infection was diagnosed by detecting anti-HCV antibodies using an ELISA-based third-generation diagnostic test kit. Serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were assayed using standard laboratory techniques. From March 2003 to February 2006, 1,417 patients were admitted for haemodialysis in our unit. Of these 1,077 (76%) had ESKD. Mean age of patients was 42.47 +/- 16.2 (14-94) and 70.39% were males. Patients with ESKD had had more dialysis sessions (10.9 +/- 39.5 vs. 4.4 +/- 5.95, p = 0.009), more blood transfusions and more pre-existing HCV infections (4.72 vs. 1.5%, p = 0.009) than patients with acute renal failure. Of the ESKD patients, 65.7% were discharged, 9.47% died, 1.85% were shifted to chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and 22.46% patients received renal transplantation. Of the patients who received renal transplantation, HCV seroconversion was detected in 2.75%. In the previous study without isolation practices, the HCV seroconversion rate in transplanted patients was 36.2%. The hazard of HCV seroconversion was 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.02, p = 0.2) for each additional dialysis and 1.09 (95% CI 0.88-1.36, p = 0.37) for each additional blood transfusion. The study concludes that isolation of HCV-infected patients during haemodialysis significantly decreases the HCV seroconversion rate.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis: the 'no-isolation' policy should not be generalized. 1914 95

Transaminase enzymes, alanine (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), have been reported to be raised and implicated to have prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ki67, a marker of cellular proliferative activity, has also been noted to be increased in HCC. A study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur to determine the possible association of proliferative activity, as determined by Ki67, with the transaminase enzymes. 31 cases of histologically diagnosed HCC who underwent tumour resection were retrieved from departmental archives. The patients' ages ranged between 40 to 79 years with a mean of 58.3 years. There was a male preponderance with M:F = 2.9:1. Ethnic Chinese formed 83.9% of the cases. 4 microm sections, cut from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour tissue block of each case, were immunohistochemically stained with Ki67 (DAKO monoclonal MIB-1) using the commercial DakoCytomation EnVision+System-HRP kit. The latest ALT and AST levels, assayed within 7 days prior to tumour resection, were retrieved from the patients' case records. 24 (77.4%) HCC demonstrated elevation of either ALT and/or AST. 27 (87.1%) HCC were immunopositive for Ki67. Ki67 immunoexpression was significantly correlated with raised transaminases (p<0.05). Hypothetically, the mechanism by which this phenomenon may occur may simply be release of transaminases due to destruction of hepatocytes by the cancer. Thus rising levels of the transaminases could signal a more rapid growth of the tumour and these routinely performed tests can be of prognostic value in management of HCC patients.
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PMID:Association of Ki67 with raised transaminases in hepatocellular carcinoma. 1929 19

The goal of study was directed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES) pretreatment on the enhancing action of D-galactosamine (D-GalN; 800 mg/kg) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 microg/kg) inducing liver failure in rats. Liver function was assessed by determination of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha-glutathione S-transferase (alpha GST) and bilirubin (BILI). Plasma NO(2)(-) was assessed by NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) colorimetric kit. The estimation of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and catalase) was performed in plasma and liver homogenate. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and the conjugated dienes (CD). Morphological examinations using light and electron microscopy were performed. Observations related to pharmacological increases of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2)/nitric oxide (NO) and inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) in fulminant hepatic failure and modulation by resveratrol were followed up by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in liver tissue. In the present study we found that among the mechanisms responsible for the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol in the LPS/D-GalN liver toxicity model are reduction in NO, downregulation of NOS-2, modification of oxidative stress parameters and modulation of HO-1 which led to overall improvement in hepatotoxic markers and morphology after the hepatic insult.
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PMID:Resveratrol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine sensitized rats: role of nitric oxide synthase 2 and heme oxygenase-1. 1979 4


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