Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify the route of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, we investigated the sexual transmission of HCV by examining HCV markers among spouses of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) due to HCV. Of 83 spouses, 14 (16.9%) had elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase, 20 (24.1%) had detectable anti-HCV antibodies, and 17 (20.5%) had measurable HCV-RNA in serum. However, the seropositivity rate of anti-HCV antibodies (24.1%) of patients' spouses was not significantly higher than that (15.4-27.5%) of an unselected population in the same district. Ten patient-spouse pairs underwent nucleotide sequence analysis of the HCV core and envelope genes. Overall the sequence homology of 10 couples (91.1%) was not significantly higher than that of 10 randomly chosen unrelated pairs (88.2%). As reported earlier, in an age and sex matched case-control study of HCV transmission, a history of surgery is a prominent HCV risk factor. These results suggest that sexual transmission of HCV is rare.
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PMID:Analysis of nucleotide sequences of hepatitis C virus isolates from husband-wife pairs. 753 61

Serum levels of soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (sLFA-3) in 122 patients with chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum levels of sICAM-1 in patients with HCC were significantly higher than those of chronic hepatitis (CH) and cirrhosis. On the other hand, serum levels of sLFA-3 in patients with HCC were almost the same as those of cirrhosis. Western blot analyses showed that molecular sizes of sICAM-1 and sLFA-3 detected in the sera were 90 kd and 50 kd, respectively, indicating that both molecules include whole extracellular domains. In patients with HCC, circulating sICAM-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) correlated with tumor volume (r = .50), total bilirubin (r = .38), serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = .51), and gamma-globulin (r = .63). Furthermore, serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple HCC (tumor number > 3) or HCC with tumor embolus in the first branch or trunk of portal vein. Survival periods were analyzed in relation to serum sICAM-1 levels in patients with HCC who had been treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The HCC patients with < 1,000 ng/mL of serum ICAM-1 showed significantly (P = .0005) longer survival than those with higher levels of the molecule. The same results were obtained when only patients with moderately differentiated HCC were analyzed (P = .02). Analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model showed that sICAM-1 is a significant (P = .032) prognostic factor for patients with HCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is a marker of the disease progression and prognosis. 754 36

To evaluate its clinical value, the half-life of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in saliva (SCT) after 3 mg/kg-1 oral caffeine was measured in 53 children with chronic liver disease (mean age, 4.41 years) and 48 control children (mean age, 6.26 years) in five samples over 24 h and compared with parameters of liver function and outcome. Sensitivity was 60.3% and specificity 97% of SCT for diagnosis of chronic liver disease. The correlation of SCT with serum albumin (ALB) was -0.52 (p < 0.001), total bilirubin (SBR) was 0.585 (p < 0.001), prolonged prothrombin time (PT) was 0.387 (p = 0.004), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 0.538 (p = 0.001). The correlation of SCT with a clinical score of liver dysfunction calculated from the presence of features of hepatic decompensation was 0.627 (p < 0.001) and with Malatack's paediatric prognostic score was 0.505 (p < 0.001). Serial SCT and liver function tests were performed on 53 patients on 127 occasions during a mean follow-up of 361 days (range, 4-709). Of this group, 18 were listed for liver transplantation. Predictive values of outcome by analysis of variance expressed as ratio of mean squares were SBR, 34.1 (p < 0.001); log10 SCT, 20.6 (p < 0.001); ALB, 5.2 (p < 0.05); PT, 1.2 (NS). SCT correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters of severity of liver disease, but SBR was a better predictor of listing for liver transplantation in this group of paediatric patients.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of caffeine half-life in saliva in children with chronic liver disease. 771 86

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are the accepted sequelae of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the real natural history of HCV infection is not still well understood. To approach this problem, we investigated 91 individuals positive for antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), who have received annual liver function examination in a local town known to have had high carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Among the 91 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 63 had undertaken the annual examination more than five times in the past 14 years. We analyzed retrospectively the past liver function test results of these 63 subjects and evaluated their present virological status by determining HCV genotypes and estimating quantity of HCV RNA in the sera. Among the 63 subjects, 50 (79.4%) had HCV RNA in the serum and 40 (80%) of the 50 subjects with HCV RNA had abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level more than once in their records. However, the other 10 (20%) had no abnormal levels during the period examined. Six of 50 (12%) had ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cirrhosis. Thus, HCV-infected individuals in this area did not seem to have progressive liver diseases. Considering the advanced ages of the individuals examined (mean 64 years old), we may have observed a stage in the natural history of HCV infection in which viremia persists in most individuals and the tendency to progress to serious chronic liver disease is mild.
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PMID:A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. 785 Dec 13

We examined the value of laboratory markers of excessive alcohol (ethanol) intake as predictors of mortality, morbidity, and health-care utilization in a cohort of 330 patients attending an acute ambulatory care service. Among men, all four markers examined--gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)--were predictive of medical sequelae and health-care utilization over a 3-year period. In contrast, social problems were more closely related to the amount of alcohol consumption at initial assessment than to any biological marker. Serum GGT and AST activities and MCV were predictive of medical sequelae in women. The predictive value of GGT was an independent risk factor and did not merely reflect recent alcohol intake or the presence of chronic liver disease. We conclude that these readily available laboratory tests provide important prognostic information and should be an integral part of the assessment of persons with hazardous alcohol consumption.
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PMID:Prediction of alcohol-related harm by laboratory test results. 790 Sep 34

The authors measured immunoenzymatically circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) concentration in 135 patients with liver disease of either viral or toxic etiology: 13 had acute hepatitis; 58 had mild chronic liver disease; and 64 had cirrhosis (superimposed in 30 by hepatocellular carcinoma). Forty patients with extrahepatic diseases (19 with malignancies) and 28 healthy blood donors were tested as controls. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant variability of cICAM-1 concentration among groups (F = 76.67, P < .0001), the highest value being recorded in acute hepatitis (Bonferroni's test for pairwise comparisons, P < .01). Total bilirubin showed a strong correlation with cICAM-1 (R = 0.766, P < .001). By stepwise multiple regression analysis the independent predictors of cICAM-1 concentration were chosen in the following order: total bilirubin; aspartate aminotransferase; cholinesterase; alpha-1-antitrypsin; and immunoglobulins. Thus, in addition to inflammation, cholestasis and decline of functioning hepatic mass may influence cICAM-1 concentration.
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PMID:Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) concentration in liver disease. Relationship with cholestasis and functioning hepatic mass. 794 24

Relationships between liver biochemical test values and reported frequency of consumption of various foods were examined using a principal-component analysis of data from 42 patients with chronic liver disease. The statistical procedure identified relationships among biochemical and dietary variables. One relationship included the variables albumin, bilirubin, and frequency of intake of fruits and vegetables, starch, and meats. A relationship was also found between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and fat/oil intake. Data from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and noncholestatic liver disease were compared using a correlational analysis. In patients with PBC, serum ALP levels were positively correlated with frequency of intake of fat/oil (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and meats (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), whereas serum bilirubin (Bili) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly correlated with frequency of intake of dairy products (rs = 0.48 and 0.45, ps < 0.05 for Bili and AST, respectively), meats (rs = 0.59 and 0.65, ps < 0.01), and fat/oil (r = 0.54, p < 0.02 and r = 0.48, p < 0.05). In patients with noncholestatic liver disease, Bili levels were correlated with frequency of intake of fat/oil (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), and fruits and vegetables (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). These results suggest that the degree of elevation of some liver biochemical tests in patients with liver disease may be affected by dietary intake.
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PMID:Relationship between liver biochemical tests and dietary intake in patients with liver disease. 807 8

To study the influence of chronic hepatitis on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum concentration, we measured intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the serum of 84 patients with chronic liver disease (17 chronic persistent hepatitis, 42 chronic active hepatitis and 25 active cirrhosis) caused by hepatitis B virus (n = 46), hepatitis C virus (n = 10) and autoimmunity (n = 28). Furthermore, 20 patients with acute viral hepatitis (16 hepatitis B virus and 4 hepatitis A virus) and 6 patients with acute drug-induced hepatitis were included. Sera from 20 healthy persons were used as control. Follow-up examinations were performed during immunosuppressive therapy in 20 patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease (13 chronic active hepatitis and 7 active cirrhosis). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum concentration was significantly increased in patients with acute viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and active cirrhosis compared with healthy controls and with patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was also significantly increased in severe chronic active hepatitis and active cirrhosis compared with moderate chronic active hepatitis and moderate active cirrhosis. Serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 decreased significantly in patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease after 2 mo of immunosuppression when remission was present. A close correlation between aspartate aminotransferase and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum levels was found. We conclude the following: (a) in chronic liver disease intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum concentration may represent, at least in part, hepatocellular damage; and (b) intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum level does not differentiate between chronic autoimmune and chronic viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentration in sera of patients with acute and chronic liver disease: relationship to disease activity and cirrhosis. 810 56

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA or ursodiol) administration has been associated with a reduction of serum liver enzymes in patients with chronic liver disease and with improvement of liver histology in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. To establish the potential therapeutic efficacy of ursodiol in chronic hepatitis, serum biochemistry and liver histology were investigated in a multicenter, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Sixty patients with non-cholestatic chronic active (mild or severe) hepatitis, mainly of viral (virus C) etiology and almost completely asymptomatic, were enrolled in 3 centers: 29 were assigned to receive placebo and 31 UDCA (600 mg/day) for 1 year. Demographic, biochemical, virological and histological features were balanced between the 2 groups at the entrance into the study. Fifty-six patients (34 males, 22 females; 19 with cirrhosis; 5 HBsAg-positive; 45 anti-HCV positive) were included in the final analysis. Compliance was checked by measuring UDCA levels at the 3 follow-up visits (3, 6 and 12 months). Liver biopsy was performed at the beginning and at the end of treatment and was evaluated blindly by our pathologist (F.C.). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were significantly reduced by 25% from baseline values during treatment with ursodiol but not with placebo. The efficacy of UDCA in lowering serum AST and ALT was more pronounced in the presence of cirrhosis. The semiquantitative liver histological score used remained substantially unchanged after treatment and no differences between placebo and UDCA were found for portal or periportal necrosis or inflammation, intralobular degeneration, cholestasis or fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ursodiol in the long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis: a double-blind multicenter clinical trial. 815 Nov 7

Molecules governing cellular interactions have been suggested to be involved in the spurious elevation of alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) in non-neoplastic liver disease. To explore this controversial issue, we measured AFP, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1), and common liver function tests in 111 patients (71 male, 40 female). Eighty-four patients had non-neoplastic chronic liver disease and 27 had hepatocellular carcinoma. The concentration of cICAM-1 was determined immunoenzymatically. In patients with non-neoplastic chronic liver disease, univariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between AFP and cholinesterase (R = -0.397, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (R = 0.421, P < 0.001), bilirubin (R = 0.231, P < 0.05) and cICAM-1 (R = 0.430, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis among these variables and AFP indicated cICAM-1 to be the strongest independent predictor of AFP. We conclude that cICAM-1 compares favourably with liver function tests in predicting non-specific AFP variations in non-neoplastic chronic liver disease, suggesting a link between targeting of the inflammatory damage to the hepatocyte and development of neoplasia.
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PMID:Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 predicts non-specific elevation of alpha 1-fetoprotein. 864 48


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