Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were highly sensitive to the lethal effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The hyper-reactive state of LPS coincided with the development around the parasite eggs of multiple granulomas in the liver. Elevated aspartate transaminase levels in blood and severe hypoglycaemia in LPS-challenged animals indicated extensive liver parenchymal cell damage. There was also a complete depletion of glycogen in hepatocytes of these animals. From this work and studies on other hepatitis models, it is suggested that individuals affected with granulomatous disorders may be at risk because of everyday exposure to LPS from the gut.
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PMID:Increased hepatotoxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. 55 82

Patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni showed an abnormal response to a test dose of tryptophan, with little increase in the urinary excretion of kynurenine, hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic and kynurenic acids, N1-methyl nicotinamide, methyl pyridone carboxamide, 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In contrast to previous reports, this is different from the pattern of tryptophan metabolism seen in vitamin B6 deficiency. Furthermore, the patients' plasma concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate were within the reference range, and supplementation for 5 days with 20 mg vitamin B6/day did not affect tryptophan metabolism. Treatment with a single dose of Praziquantel resulted in a substantial restoration of normal tryptophan metabolism. In mice infected with S. mansoni there was a similar impairment of tryptophan metabolism, as shown by considerably reduced formation of 14CO2 after the administration of a tracer dose of [14C]tryptophan. Again, the administration of vitamin B6 supplements did not correct tryptophan metabolism in the mice. Treatment with Praziquantel resulted in substantial restoration of the production of 14CO2 from [14C]tryptophan. There was no evidence of vitamin B6 deficiency (as determined by erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient) associated with infection in the mice, although there was a redistribution of pyridoxal phosphate between tissues, with a reduction in the concentration of liver, spleen and kidney, and an increase in skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 nutritional status in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni and in infected mice. 164 Dec 43

In mice, infection with 20-30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni resulted in a considerable reduction in the formation of 14CO2 from [14C]tryptophan. Infected animals excreted significantly lower amounts of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and methyl pyridone carboxamide than did uninfected controls. There was no difference in the ability of hepatocytes isolated from infected or control animals to metabolise [14C]tryptophan. Hepatocytes from infected animals synthesized less NAD(P), but more niacin and N1-methyl nicotinamide from tryptophan. They showed no greater accumulation of kynurenine metabolites than did cells from control animals. The hepatocyte content of pyridoxal phosphate and the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient were the same in both groups of mice, suggesting that infection with S. mansoni does not deplete vitamin B6. The impairment of tryptophan metabolism in vivo was apparently not due to impaired hepatic metabolism. Rather, it seems likely that the parasites or their eggs take up tryptophan avidly from the host's circulation. Studies of parasite and egg metabolism of tryptophan may suggest novel approaches to the chemotherapy of bilharzia.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni: effects on tryptophan metabolism in mice. 213 33

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (EC.2.6.1.1.) I, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (EC.2.6.1.2) II and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (EC.1.1.1.27) III have been measured in tissue homogenate and in haemolymph of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the specific intermediate host for the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni.
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PMID:Selected enzymatic activities in fresh water snails, specific intermediate host for human schistosomiasis. 249 22

Cholylglycine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from 10 control CFI female mice and 22 CFI female mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Cholylglycine was significantly elevated in sera of all but one of the chronically infected animals. Serum aspartate transaminase was within normal limits in all the infected animals; while five infected mice had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and all these five also had high levels of serum cholylglycine. Marked hepatic histopathological changes were demonstrated in all the infected animals. The data suggest that serum cholylglycine is a highly sensitive index for hepatic dysfunction in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated cholic acid in hepatic murine schistosomiasis. 653 47

From this comparison of 37 black children with hepatic schistosomiasis (HS) and 53 with intestinal Schistosoma mansoni (IS) living in an endemic area, we propose easily identifiable clinical features of mild HS. These patients were generally well nourished school-age children who seldom complained of dysentery but who had a firm hepatomegaly with predominant enlargement of the left lobe and a firm splenomegaly. They were also mildly anaemic (9.4 +/- 2.2 g/dl) and had low serum albumin (30 +/- 7 g/l), raised aspartate transaminase (36 +/- 31 u/l) and high globulins (53 +/- 15 g/l). The implications of the absence of severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in many of these children are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical recognition of mild hepatic schistosomiasis in an endemic area. 671 May 66

We tested the ability of carnosine to improve some liver disorders induced by Schistosoma mansoni parasite in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Results indicate that parasitic infestation induced elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase and procollagen III peptide as a marker of liver fibrosis. Administration of carnosine (10 mg/day) for 15 days either concurrent with infection, 2 and 4 weeks post-infestation was effective in reducing differential worm burden. It was also effective in renormalizing blood glucose level depending on the time course. The most evident effect of carnosine was on serum procollagen III peptide level, which was lowered in infested groups treated with carnosine. Histopathological studies confirmed the potential use of carnosine for intervention in schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Effects of carnosine on bilharzial infestation in hamsters: biochemical and histochemical studies. 1195 36

To investigate whether infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) affects fibrosis development in patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni, we evaluated schistosomiasis-induced pathology in the livers of Kenyan patients co-infected with HIV-1. Compared with persons with schistosomiasis alone (n = 58), there were no significant differences in distribution of ultrasound-detectable pathology in persons with HIV-1 co-infection (n = 23). Similarly, serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were not significantly different in HIV-1+ individuals. Hepatic fibrosis was associated with significantly decreased CD4+ T cell counts, even in the absence of HIV-1 infection. These data suggest that HIV-1 co-infection does not significantly alter the proportion of patients experiencing schistosomiasis-induced fibrosis, but pathology associated with S. mansoni infections leads to CD4+ T cell reductions and thereby may exacerbate the effects of HIV-1 in co-infected individuals.
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PMID:Short report: Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in persons co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus 1. 1564 72

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Six weeks post infection, mean percentage of protection was detected through the hepatic portal vein. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), alanine, aspartate transaminase (ALT and AST) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were detected in sera of treated mice before and after infection. Antischistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were 12.81% and 31.60% respectively. The results showed that GST levels in sera of mice fed on colostral and mature camel milk were increased with mean values of 0.070, 0.108, 0.128 and 0.120 in colostral milk groups and 0. 072, 0.085, 0.166 and 0.20 in mature camel milk groups compared with the mice fed on basal diet with means values of 0.070, 0.085, 0.078 and 0.069 before infection and after two, four and six weeks of infection, respectively. On the other hand, there were slight differences on ALT and AST activities. Mice treated with colostral and mature milk (200 microl/day) showed an immunostimulatory effect by inducing IgG titers against soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) compared with control. Nevertheless, the difference was not considered significant (0.31 +/- 0.1) for colostrum (0.34 +/- 0.1) and for mature milk, as compared to normal control (0.2 +/- 0.04). Two, four and six weeks post infection, IgG level showed no significant change in sera from mice treated with colostral and mature milk as compared to control. In conclusion, colostral and mature camel milk showed an immuno-modualatory effect in normal healthy mice by inducing IgG and GST levels before and after infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Colostral and mature camel milk have a protective response against schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. 1632 52

In areas where there is a low prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni, faecal examination is a relatively insensitive method of detection and infected people may also be missed because most show only mild morbidity. In such settings, serology may be a more useful diagnostic tool than microscopy. In the present study, the clinical and biochemical characteristics of individuals who were stool-positive for Schistosoma mansoni eggs were compared with those of individuals, from the same low-prevalence area of Brazil, who were stool-negative but seropositive for the parasite. Overall, 269 subjects were checked both for schistosome eggs in their faeces (using Kato-Katz smears and Lutz sedimentation) and for anti-S. mansoni IgG in their sera (using an ELISA). Although 128 (48%) of these subjects were found seropositive, only 26 (10%) were found to be egg excretors and two of the egg excretors were seronegative. Compared with the seropositive egg-negatives, the egg excretors had significantly higher frequencies of fatigue, melaena, jaundice and swelling of the abdomen. The egg excretors also had higher frequencies of hepatomegaly (20% v. 16%) and splenomegaly (4% v. 1%). In both groups of subjects, mean concentrations of serum proteins and haemoglobin and mean leucocyte counts were in the normal range whereas most blood concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and many of those of aspartate aminotransferase were slightly elevated. Although the egg excretors tended to have low-intensity infections, it seems possible that the seropositive nonexcretors had even milder infections that could not be detected by faecal examination. The high frequency of cure observed when the egg excretors were given praziquantel at 40 mg/kg (94%) is probably another indication that most had light infections when they were treated.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni-related morbidity in a low-prevalence area of Brazil: a comparison between egg excretors and seropositive non-excretors. 1787 76


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