Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and pathological features of 22 patients, 11 males and 11 females 17-70 years of age (48.0 +/- 16.0 years), with hepatic tuberculosis were reviewed. Five patients had no evidence of extrahepatic tuberculosis (local form), and 17 had the miliary form. The clinical features of the miliary and local forms were similar with pyrexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and body weight loss as the main manifestations. The biochemical findings were also quite similar in reversed albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio (2.9/3.5 vs. 3.2/3.4 g/dl) and disproportionate elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in comparison with bilirubin values but lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (40.4 +/- 51.0 vs. 170.8 +/- 209.4 U/l; p < 0.05) and ALP (208.5 +/- 138.9 vs. 389.5 +/- 271.1 U/l; p < 0.05) in the miliary form. Patients with the local form had higher albumin (3.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.7 g/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (160.4 +/- 221.7 vs. 65.9 +/- 69.7 U/l), and gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) (217.0 +/- 144.0 vs. 136.0 +/- 92.1 U/l), although the differences were not significant. The histopathological features of the miliary form were also similar to the local form with granuloma, caseation, acid-fast bacilli, fatty change and portal fibrosis as the main findings. The local form revealed more severe signs of hepatocytic damage while the miliary form was more wasting. The results suggest that the miliary and local forms of hepatic tuberculosis had quite similar clinical presentations and pathological features. The biochemical tests suggesting hepatic tuberculosis were reversed A/G ratio and disproportionate elevation of ALP.
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PMID:Hepatic tuberculosis: comparison of miliary and local form. 774 92

Two sexually mature marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) showing clinical signs similar to those seen in wasting marmoset syndrome (weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and alopecia) were evaluated for clinical and anatomic pathologic changes. The most prominent clinical pathologic alterations included macrocytic normochromic anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, and previously unreported changes of thrombocytosis. The principal gross and histopathologic finding was chronic colitis, which appeared to be the most important contributing factor to the development of wasting syndrome in these marmosets.
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PMID:Clinical pathologic changes in two marmosets with wasting syndrome. 899 97

A probable outbreak of oak (Quercus calliprinos) toxicosis in a herd of beef cattle--heifers and first-calving cows--grazing in the Judean foothills of Israel is described. Toxicosis probably occurred because of the consumption of oak leaves and buds during a period of pasture scarcity without any feed supplementation. A progressive syndrome of wasting, dullness, anorexia, polyuria, nephrosis, constipation and recumbency, culminating in death, was seen. A high mortality rate of 83% (38/46 animals) was noted. The clinical-pathological findings revealed increases in blood urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inorganic phosphorus. Decreases were found in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein, albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and chloride (CI). The main pathological findings were severe nephrosis, chronic interstitial nephritis, and occasional intestinal ulceration. On the basis of epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical-pathological and pathological findings and renal histology, a tentative diagnosis of oak toxicosis was made.
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PMID:Probable toxicosis in cattle in Israel caused by the oak Quercus calliprinos. 983 Jun 93

To dissect the controversial roles of type 1 and type 2 cytokines to the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, we generated IL-10/IL-4- and IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice that develop highly polarized type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses, respectively. Interestingly, the Th1-polarized IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice rapidly lost weight at the onset of egg-laying and displayed 100% mortality by wk 9 postinfection. This acute mortality was linked to overexpression of the proinflammatory mediators IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and inducible NO and the formation of nonfibrotic granulomas. Elevated serum aspartate transaminase levels confirmed that mortality was in part attributable to acute hepatotoxicity. In contrast, the Th2-polarized IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice developed a progressive wasting disease that correlated with increased hepatic fibrosis, formation of large eosinophil-rich granulomas, a 10-fold increase in IL-4 and IL-13, and significant mortality during the chronic stages of infection. Surprisingly, IL-10-deficient mice displayed pathological features that were characteristic of both extremes, while wild-type mice developed relatively successful long term chronic infections. These data demonstrate that IL-10 significantly suppresses type 1 and type 2 cytokine development in IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice, respectively, thereby impeding the development of severe egg-induced pathology in the single cytokine-deficient animals. Together, these findings reveal the central regulatory role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis and illustrate that excessive type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses trigger distinct, but equally detrimental, forms of pathology following infection.
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PMID:IL-10 and the dangers of immune polarization: excessive type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses induce distinct forms of lethal immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis. 1084 96

Since phenoxazine is an essential structure of actinomycin D, which exerts a strong anticancer effect, we examined the anticancer effect of 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (Phx-3) on mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells in vitro and in vivo. Phx-3 inhibited proliferation of the B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. We furthermore studied the in vivo effects of Phx-3 on mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells transplanted in female C57BL/6Cr Slc mice. Treatment with Phx-3 (0.5 mg/kg) completely suppressed the growth of mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells transplanted in mice as compared with the control group. Phx-3 was found to exert few adverse effects, in terms of bodyweight loss, changes in serum levels of blood biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, dysfunction of the liver and the kidney examined by pathological methods, piloerection and wasting, when mice were treated with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. These results suggest that Phx-3 may be used to treat patients affected by malignant melanoma in future.
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PMID:2-aminophenoxazine-3-one suppresses the growth of mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells transplanted into C57BL/6Cr Slc mice. 1707 14

The aims were assessing liver function tests (LFT) in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) on glucocorticoids. Sixty-one women with genetically verified CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, aged 18-63 years were compared to 61 controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), anthropometry and fat mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. ALT and GGT were higher in the entire patient group (p=0.01 and 0.002); AST, GGT and ALP in patients > or =30 years (p=0.007-0.045); all LFT in salt-wasting (p<0.001-0.042); GGT in simple virilizing (p=0.008); ALT, GGT and ALP in Null/Null genotype (p=0.018-0.040); ALT and GGT in I2splice genotype (p<0.001 and 0.011). Using a recently proposed cut-off level for ALT (>0.317 microkat/L), 54% of patients vs 23% of controls had elevated levels (p=0.028). In patients, GGT and ALP correlated with waist circumference and with total body and trunk fat (r=0.274-0.406, p=0.001-0.043). However, ALT, GGT and ALP were increased even in non-obese patients (waist circumference < or =88 cm and body mass index <30 kg/m(2)) (p=0.012-0.045) mainly attributed to the patients > or =30 years who also demonstrated elevated insulin levels and HOMA-indices. In conclusion, compared with controls, women with CAH have higher LFT, in particular patients > or =30 years and those with severe forms, probably reflecting a higher lifetime glucocorticoid exposure. LFT were positively correlated to measurements of body fat. These women might have increased frequency of NAFLD. The finding of higher LFT also in non-obese patients suggests that not only central obesity but also glucocorticoids per se may influence.
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PMID:Increased liver enzymes in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 1935 53