Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pattern of enzyme changes in elderly fallers admitted to an acute geriatric unit was investigated. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured daily for 3 days after admission in all patients in whom a fall preceded admission. Of 270 patients, 52 (19%) had fallen prior to admission, of whom five (10%) had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In fallers without an AMI in whom a history was available, CK and AST activities were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in patients who had spent more than 1 hour on the floor than in those who had spent less than 1 hour. No other clinical factor affected enzyme activities. CK and AST activities were raised in 66% and 40%, respectively, of fallers without an AMI. Elevation of CK and AST activities in elderly fallers is likely to be a result of the fall itself rather than of an AMI.
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PMID:Cardiac enzyme changes in elderly fallers. 236 84

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly is difficult and often depends on the results of investigations. In a 3-month prospective study, 270 patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit were studied to determine the most effective diagnostic strategy for the diagnosis of AMI, and to assess the value of screening acute geriatric admissions for AMI. Patients were assessed clinically and investigated with serial electrocardiograms and measurements of serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase activities on three consecutive days after admission. Measurement of serum activity of CK and AST had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86.8% for AMI. This was the optimum combination of cardiac enzymes in the diagnosis of AMI. Although electrocardiograms on the first two days of admission had a low diagnostic sensitivity (33.3%) their usefulness was their high positive predictive value (100%) when characteristic of an AMI. AMI was considered in the differential diagnosis of 79 patients (29%). All 25 patients (9%) who had an AMI were in this group, and therefore screening all geriatric admissions for AMI is not clinically justified.
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PMID:The effective use of cardiac enzymes and electrocardiograms in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly. 237 Nov 89

The delay between the onset of symptoms and the call for help is the longest single component of the time taken for patients with acute myocardial infarction to come under coronary care and receive thrombolytic therapy. In order to investigate factors influencing patient delay, visual analogue scores for pain, shortness of breath, and anxiety were obtained retrospectively from 250 patients with acute myocardial infarction, for the time of onset of symptoms, and for the time of the call for help. The predominant symptom was chest pain, followed by anxiety and breathlessness. Although all symptoms increased in severity after their onset, the initiation of a call was largely unexplained in terms of worsening symptoms. Patient delay had a skewed distribution with modal, median and mean values of up to 1 h, 1.5 h, and 11 h respectively. Patient delay was negatively correlated with the pain score at the time of calling, but most of the variance of patient delay could not be explained in terms of symptom scores. However, patient delay was independently and negatively related to maximum serum aspartate aminotransferase. During acute myocardial infarction, patients with higher cardiac enzyme levels experience more pain and delay less. This tendency for patients with more severe infarction and a greater risk of death to call for help sooner is an added reason for administering thrombolytic treatment at the first opportunity: those patients who call early have most to gain from prompt therapy.
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PMID:Association of patient delay with symptoms, cardiac enzymes, and outcome in acute myocardial infarction. 237 99

A new method is described for estimation of the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction progress due to temporary decrease in the isoenzymes, i.e. malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and the decrease in the creatine kinase (CK). It is shown that the time of enzymatic activity is an essential factor. If 120 hours of decrease in enzymatic activity of MDH, LDH, and CK are exceeded, the prognosis of the myocardial infarction deteriorates dramatically.
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PMID:[Assessment of prognosis in acute myocardial infarct after reaching the maximum enzyme activity]. 237 31

Stroke distance was measured by means of doppler ultrasound in 100 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mean stroke distance on days 1-5 after infarction was 72% of the predicted normal value for age and rose to 77% of normal by days 6-10. Stroke distance was lower after anterior (65%) than inferior infarction (75%), and was negatively correlated with peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.47, p less than 0.001). Of 16 patients whose stroke distance on days 1-5 was below 50% of normal for age, 4 died, all within the first week. Of 84 patients whose stroke distance was 50% of normal or higher, only 1 died (at 13 days). The simple bedside measurement of stroke distance offers a practical method of monitoring left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: the measurement may have prognostic value.
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PMID:Stroke distance in acute myocardial infarction: a simple measurement of left ventricular function. 256 67

Recent investigations have shown that cardiac isoenzymes change with mechanical overload and possibly with myocardial ischaemia. This complicates the interpretation of serum enzyme changes in acute myocardial infarction. We have therefore investigated the rate of release of isoenzymes from necrosing myocardium and the effect of ischaemia per se. Discrete myocardial infarction was produced in 35 male Wistar rats by ligation of left coronary artery. Six (n = 7), 12 (n = 6), 24 (n = 9), 72 (n = 7) h and 3 weeks (n = 6) after surgery, total and isoenzyme activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in the infarcted myocardium. Untreated rats (n = 12) were used as the control (time 0). Sham operation was performed in 36 rats. During the early period (0 to 12 or 24 h) of infarction, each (iso)enzyme disappeared monoexponentially from the myocardium (mean r = 0.88) with different disappearance rates. Cytosolic isoenzyme fractions decreased more rapidly than mitochondrial fractions. CK MB and the LD-H subunit decreased faster than CK MM and the LD-M subunit. Such differences in the disappearance rate may be related to subcellular localisation of each isoenzyme. In the late period (72 h and 3 weeks), CK BB and the LD-M subunit showed significant reaccumulation in the infarcted myocardium. Although inflammatory cells can be responsible for the reaccumulation of LD-M subunit, the origin of CK BB is unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Disappearance and appearance of isoenzymes of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the myocardium undergoing infarction. 259 Sep 8

Plasma levels of glutamate, alanine, free fatty acids (FFA), citrate, glucose, insulin, lactate, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined frequently during the first 2-48 h after onset of chest pain in 10 patients who developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 8 who did not (non-AMI). An initial decrease in plasma glutamate and increase in alanine was found in AMI compared to non-AMI patients. The AMI group showed early, moderate rises of plasma FFA and citrate concentrations, positively related to the initial ST-segment elevation and to the enzymatic estimated infarct size. The AMI patients were continuously hyperglycaemic, but their relative insulin response i.e. plasma glucose/insulin ratio was identical to that of non-AMI patients. Lactate values did not differ between the two groups. Via participation in the malate-aspartate shuttle and by shunting pyruvate to alanine instead of lactate, glutamate is of importance for maintaining myocardial glucose utilization. Our finding of initial low plasma glutamate concentrations after onset of myocardial infarction suggests insufficient glutamate supply to the ischaemic myocardium. On basis of this and animal experiments, an external supply of glutamate might be a 'metabolic' treatment of AMI, alternative or additional to glucose-insulin-potassium infusion in order to promote myocardial glucose oxidation.
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PMID:Altered plasma concentrations of glutamate, alanine and citrate in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction in man. 287 95

Values for total lactate dehydrogenase (LD), LD isoenzymes, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in 150 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 130 non-AMI patients 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. The authors assessed the diagnostic yield of a single determination of AST, LD, and three LD isoenzymes tests: LD-1 greater than LD-2; LD-1 greater than 90 U/L; LD-1/LD greater than 0.4. They also assessed the diagnostic accuracy of combined determination of AST with LD and AST with each of the above three LD isoenzymes tests. The efficiency of single determination of AST was better than that of LD (88% vs. 80%, 48 hours after admission). The most efficient single test for diagnosing AMI was the LD-1 greater than 90 U/L test (92%, 48 hours after admission). The efficiency of the combined AST/LD test was better than that of a single determination of each of the two enzymes (90% vs. 88% and 80%, 48 hours after admission). The highest efficiency was achieved, however, with combined determination of AST and any of the three LD isoenzymes tests. It was found to be more efficient than single determination of each of the LD isoenzymes tests (95.5-96% vs. 89-92.5%) and more efficient than the combined determination of the AST/LD test (95.5-96% vs. 89-90%). The authors conclude that AST should be determined in every patient with suspected AMI because its determination may contribute to the diagnostic yield of LD isoenzymes tests, especially in patients with AMI admitted 48-72 hours after onset of symptoms, when creatine kinase declined to near normal values.
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PMID:Does determination of serum aspartate aminotransferase contribute to the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction? 291 18

Early increases in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) in plasma are observed in about 7% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), of whom about half die. Some type of liver injury, secondary to AMI, could be responsible for this phenomenon. However, quantitative analysis shows that the release of ALT in most of these patients conforms to the myocardial release pattern. Moreover, extra release of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) is not observed. These findings suggest that the heart may occasionally contain a high ALT activity. This hypothesis was verified by determination of enzyme activities in 10 hearts obtained from patients who died after AMI. The mean ALT activity in these hearts, 21 (SD 12) U per gram wet weight, significantly (P less than 0.01) exceeds the value of 7.7 (SD 4.9) U/g found for seven control hearts and may reflect increased amino acid metabolism in the energy-depleted heart muscle, as described earlier for skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Greater than expected alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma and in hearts of patients with acute myocardial infarction. 291 73

The vitamin B6 status of 84 patients with acute myocardial infarction was compared with that of 84 control subjects. Pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in plasma and erythrocytes, as well as the basal and total potential activity of the PLP-dependent enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in erythrocytes, were measured for a comprehensive assessment of vitamin B6 status. The mean levels of all vitamin B6 indexes (except pyridoxal) were lower in the patients than in the control subjects. The differences were statistically significant, except for erythrocyte PLP and total potential enzyme activity. The adjusted relative odds of a myocardial infarction for subjects in the lowest quartile of plasma PLP was about 5 times higher when compared with those in the highest quartile (relative odds = 5.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 18.9). Similar findings were found with the other vitamin B6 indexes. No significant association between infarct size, as estimated by creatine kinase level, and the vitamin B6 indexes was observed.
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PMID:Low vitamin B6 status in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 291 56


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