Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kits of five different suppliers, composed according to the Dutch recommendations for determination of the enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase, were intercompared. Activity concentrations of the enzymes in human sera were measured under defined conditions, evaluated, and related to the actual composition of the kits. Concentrations of all kit components were determined by various analytical techniques. The overall results of the activity measurements and the composition of at least three kits inter-agree well. We found deviations as great as 10% in our analytical evaluation of the kits of the other two suppliers, which can partly be accounted for.
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PMID:Kits for enzyme determinations compared: relation between composition and quality. 614 61

The serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatine kinase (CK), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was determined at the time of first and subsequent treatments in milk fever cows which responded differently to treatment, and in a number of healthy, periparturient cows. Serum ASAT, ALAT and CK levels were lower in the healthy cows than in the milk fever cows at first treatment. Serum ASAT and serum CK were, at first treatment, higher in the milk fever cows which did not recover than in those which recovered. At second and subsequent treatments, serum ASAT and serum ALAT were higher in the cows which failed to recover, and these cows also showed the highest levels of serum CK up-to and including fourth treatment. After an overall assessment of serum activity of the various enzymes, it is concluded that muscle damage was a significant complication both in cows which recovered and in those which failed to recover, while liver damage was of little importance.
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PMID:Milk fever in the cow--course of disease in relation to the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. 615 Nov 68

Seven patients with severe rosacea were treated with 1 mg/kg per day isotretinoin for 12 wk. There were significant increases in serum triglyceride (p less than 0.001) and cholesterol (p less than 0.001). Triglyceride associated with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased (p less than 0.01), cholesterol in VLDL and LDL increased (p less than 0.01), and levels of HDL cholesterol decreased (p less than 0.01). There were changes in indices of liver function, with increased levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p less than 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p less than 0.01), and decreased bilirubin levels (p less than 0.05). Although levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were lower after treatment (p less than 0.05), there were no changes in basal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were unchanged. These changes may partially be explained by induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by isotretinoin.
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PMID:Effects of isotretinoin on serum lipids and lipoproteins, liver and thyroid function. 623 29

We correlated the clinical symptoms of transferase-deficient galactosemia with the plasma galactose and erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate concentrations in six galactosemic patients during dietary treatment, in a child before treatment, and in 12 individuals with below-normal erythrocyte hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity. All the treated patients were asymptomatic. Normal galactose and either normal or above-normal galactose-1-phosphate concentrations were found. Three of these patients were clinically normal as newborns while ingesting galactose-containing foods and may resemble the asymptomatic Negro galactosemic. The clinical symptoms of galactosemia were observed in the untreated patient, who showed markedly above-normal concentrations of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate, protein and reducing substances in the urine, above-normal bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in the plasma, with normal values for glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Clinical improvement in this patient paralleled the decline in erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate. The individuals with below-normal hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity (range 7--17 U/g of hemoglobin) had normal galactose and galactose-1-phosphate concentrations and were asymptomatic.
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PMID:Clinical significance of plasma galactose and erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate measurements in transferase-deficient galactosemia and in individuals with below-normal transferase activity. 627 48

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

Adult female dogs or pony mares were subjected to a nonlethal dose of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg of body weight). Amounts of several plasma enzymes thought to be indicative of hepatic disease were monitored. Plasma enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), arginase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and iditol dehydrogenase (ID), as well as total plasma bilirubin, were determined in these animals before and after the administration of the CCl4. In the dog, GGT was not significantly increased, whereas ALP values were increased during days 1 to 6. In the pony, GGT was significantly increased during the entire course of the study, whereas ALP exhibited only small, transient (though significant) increases. Responses of ID, AST, and ALP were unremarkable when compared between the pony and the dog. Total bilirubin was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased from days 1 to 4 (pony) or days 5 to 8 (dog) after the CCl4 dose, but subsequently returned to or decreased below base-line values. Animals did not have evidence of icterus at any time. Seemingly, the dog and the pony are distinct clinical entities, and only the appropriate laboratory tests for each species should be used to provide information for the clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatic disease.
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PMID:Variations of plasma enzymes in the pony and the dog after carbon tetrachloride administration. 733 28

We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoprotein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) were not influenced by storage at 4, 24, or 30 degrees C for as long as 48 h. Negligible differences were seen for potassium in sera in contact with cells as long as 24 h at 23 degrees C and for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 4 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C we noted an increase at 8 h, a slight decrease at 30 degrees C. Statistically significant changes were seen for total protein and calcium after 48 h at 30 degrees C; for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C and as soon as 6 h at 30 degrees C; for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) after 8 h at 30 degrees C and between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C; for glucose at 24, 4, or 2 h of storage at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C, respectively; for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 23 degrees C or 8 h at 30 degrees C; for potassium after 4 h at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 30 degrees C; and for sodium after 48 h at 4 degrees C or 6 h at 23 or 30 degrees C.
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PMID:Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood. 744 20

Every second traumatized patient is a chronic alcoholic. Chronic alcoholics are at risk due to an increased morbidity and mortality. Reliable and precise diagnostic methods for detecting alcoholism are mandatory to prevent posttraumatic complications by adequate prophylaxis. The patient's history, however, is often not reliable, and conventional laboratory markers are not sensitive or specific enough. The aim of this study was to investigate whether carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a sensitive and specific marker to detect alcoholism in traumatized patients. One hundred and five male traumatized patients or their relatives gave their written informed consent to participate in this institutionally approved study. All patients were transferred to the intensive care unit after admission to the emergency room, followed by surgical treatment. Diagnostics included an alcoholism-related questionnaire, conventional laboratory markers (mean corpuscular volume, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase), and CDT sampling (microanion-exchange chromatography, turbidimetry, and radioimmunoassay, respectively). Only patients in whom a reliable history could be obtained were included. Alcoholism was diagnosed if the patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for chronic alcohol abuse or dependence. The administration of fluids before CDT sampling was carefully documented. Patients did not differ significantly regarding age, Trauma and Injury Severity Score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score. The sensitivity of the CDT research kit was 70% and of the commercially available kit CDTect was 65%. Early sampling in the emergency room and before administration of large volumes of fluid increased the sensitivity to 83% for the CDT research kit and 74% for CDTect, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relevance of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a predictor of alcoholism in intensive care patients following trauma. 747 68

alpha-Glutathione S-transferase (alpha-GST; EC 2.5.1.18) has been advocated as a better marker of hepatocellular damage than the transaminases in toxic and autoimmune hepatitis. We have assessed the potential interest of plasma alpha-GST determination in 94 anti-hepatitis C virus-positive patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C (34 women, 60 men, ages 40.0 +/- 11.9 years). Blood samples were assayed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-GST on the same day a liver biopsy was performed. alpha-GST concentrations were significantly above reference values in 64% of patients (compared with 58% for AST, 68% for ALT), and this increase was seen in 52% of patients with normal values for transaminases and a Knodell score > 3. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between alpha-GST and lobular necrosis score (r = 0.31; P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that association of plasma alpha-GST with ALT may improve the biochemical assessment of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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PMID:Plasma alpha-glutathione S-transferase assessed as a marker of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 749 11

Possible liver damage induced by chemicals or drugs must be detected early during drug development or industrial exposure, although damage is still difficult to predict, especially when immunotoxicity is involved. Liver toxicity may result from cytolysis, steatosis, cholestasis, phospholipidosis, or vascular lesions, most the outcome of a disadvantageous balance between chemicals or metabolites vs protective mechanisms, resulting from chemical dosage, genetic factors, or the immunoallergic status of the patient. Drug metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and thiol oxidation are frequently involved in liver toxicities. Classical guidelines in toxicology propose many methods for liver toxicity assessment: histology; chemical changes in hepatic tissue (lipids, glutathione, enzymes); physiological changes in biosynthesis (proteins, glycoproteins); excretion function (fructose); drug metabolism; and concentrations of related enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) in blood. In vitro studies in human or animal hepatocytes or tumor-derived cell lines are useful in detecting hepatocellular lesions by cell viability, glutathione concentration, amount of lactate dehydrogenase released, cellular ATP, morphology (blebs), and drug metabolism.
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PMID:Manifestations of chemically induced liver damage. 749 49


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