Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of excessive alcohol consumption was carried out on 2,114 adult somatic outpatients. All patients were evaluated by the following methods: Blood-chemical tests (serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (S-GT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT) and ethanol), patient's and doctor's questionnaires, and analysis of data from psychiatric records, social welfare registers and alcohol ambulatory services. Records from psychiatric clinics detected 48% of the patients. Forty per cent of the alcohol patients had S-GT levels greater than 0.9 mu kat/l. S-ASAT and blood ethanol levels were of little informative value. The doctors recognized excessive consumption (greater than 280 g of ethanol/week). The combination of S-GT and questionnaires to patients and doctors detected 63% of the alcohol patients. Both in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice it seems appropriate to use combinations of different methods to detect patients with underlying alcohol problems.
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PMID:Comparison between different methods of detecting patients with excessive consumption of alcohol. 289 48

Changes in blood test values from the time of discharge from an alcohol treatment program to 3-month follow-up were studied in two consecutive series of alcoholic men. The parallel combination of a percent increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) of greater than or equal to 20%, in aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) of greater than or equal to 40%, and in alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) of greater than or equal to 20% over discharge values was developed as a rule and then cross-validated to identify those alcoholic men who had resumed drinking at follow-up. Serial determination of these three test values in combination can be used to distinguish recovering alcoholics who remain abstinent from those who resume drinking.
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PMID:Use of laboratory tests to monitor heavy drinking by alcoholic men discharged from a treatment program. 289 84

In 110 patients receiving long-term anti-convulsant monotherapy with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) the serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were examined retrospectively. Elevated serum levels of gamma-GT and AP were seen in 91% and 39% of patients receiving DPH therapy compared to 64% and 14% of those receiving CBZ treatment. With all enzymes evaluated increases were more frequent and higher with DPH treatment than with CBZ. Frequency and extent of increased activity of gamma-GT were highly related to daily dosage in both preparations. The proportion of pathological enzyme levels was associated with age in DPH and CBZ therapies but not found to be significant. Sex differences in the frequency of increased enzyme activities could not be demonstrated. The results are discussed in the context of induction of the cytochrome P-450 system.
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PMID:The influence of long-term anticonvulsant therapy with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. 290 59

Data on 15 laboratory analytes obtained in 145 prospectively investigated cholestatic patients with viral hepatitis, chronic intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction were submitted to a computer-based graphical evaluation using probabilistic test analysis. This revealed a marginal utility for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and the direct/total bilirubin ratio at specific cut-off points for the exclusion of extrahepatic cholestasis (PVneg 90%-100%). Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values with cut-off points at 200 U/l and 300 U/l, respectively, were powerful discriminators between acute viral hepatitis and the other disease categories, while lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the ratios gamma-glutamyltransferase/alanine aminotransferase as well as total bilirubin/gamma-glutamyltransferase were useful at specific cut-off points indicating the absence of this diagnosis (PVneg 92%-100%). An aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio above 1.5 and serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 20 g/l strongly suggested cholestasis due to chronic parenchymal liver disease (PVpos 92% and 90%, respectively). This graphical approach to laboratory data analysis enhances the understanding of the interrelations between cut-off points and sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and also of the influence of disease prevalence on disease prediction. It also adds to present knowledge by demonstrating the clinical relevance of several readily available, albeit rarely utilized diagnostic analytes.
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PMID:Graphical analysis of laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis: a computer-assisted prospective study. 306 41

Chronic hepatic disease was diagnosed in 6 horses with history of anorexia and weight loss. These horses consistently had abnormally high serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, total and direct bilirubin and blood ammonia values, and sulfobromophthalein clearance times, whereas serum iditol dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were variable. In the 6 horses, histologic examination of the liver revealed lesions of chronic hepatitis with varying degrees of fibrosis. All 6 horses had ingested kleingrass (Panicum coloratum) for variable periods. Three healthy horses fed kleingrass hay for 90 days developed hepatic lesions and increases in serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities similar to those in the 6 horses with chronic hepatitis. Characteristic hepatic lesions in both groups of horses included bridging hepatic fibrosis, cholangitis, and hepatocellular regeneration.
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PMID:Kleingrass-associated hepatotoxicosis in horses. 319 74

The mechanism of Tris-BP or Bis-BP (a metabolite of Tris-BP) induced nephrotoxicity was investigated by determining urinary excretion of enzymes and selected metabolites. Rats received single oral doses of 0, 71.7, 143.4 and 286.8 mumol/kg tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) or bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Bis-BP). Urine was collected over a 24 h period and subjected to biochemical examinations. Comparative studies on Tris-BP- and Bis-BP-induced nephrotoxicities were carried out for abnormal patterns of urinary excretion. The urinary excretion of glucose was higher in Bis-BP than Tris-BP at a dose of 143.4 mumol/kg, but this pattern reversed at a dose of 286.8 mumol/kg. Peak lactate excretion occurred later than peak glucose excretion with 143.4 and 286.8 mumol/kg Tris BP and 143.4 mumol/kg Bis-BP. Bis-BP 286.8 mumol/kg caused a transient urinary elevation of lactate on Day 2. Uric acid was excreted at higher levels for Bis-BP than Tris-BP on day 2 of urine collection. Activities of urinary enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, were different on the first day of post-treatment for Tris-BP and Bis-BP. Leucine aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase levels differed on the second day. Activities of the former enzymes on the day 2 urine suggested a transformation of Tris-BP to Bis-BP. Urinary patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH-1-LDH-5) were different between Tris-BP and Bis-BP when rats were treated with the dose of 286.8 mumol/kg: Tris-BP caused a higher excretion of LDH-4 and LDH-5 in urine on day 1 and all five isoenzymes into the day 2 urine. Bis-BP caused slightly higher excretion of LDH-5 and LDH-4 into the day 1 and 3 urine, respectively. Bis-BP but not Tris-BP caused abnormally urinary excretion of sodium ion. Histopathologically, the nephrotoxic effect of Tris-BP appeared one day later and was more obvious than that of Bis-BP in rats after single oral administration.
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PMID:Comparative studies on nephrotoxic effects of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate on rat urinary metabolites. 335 64

The authors evaluated the quality and reliability of four desktop analyzers in the outpatient clinic. Twenty-seven nontechnologists (NTs) participated in the study. These included nurses, physicians, and medical students. The instruments and tests evaluated were as follows: Reflotron (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase and urea); Seralyzer (creatinine, glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin); Vision (glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid); and DT60 (sodium, potassium, glucose, amylase, uric acid, bilirubin, and creatinine). For precision studies, low and high control material was used, and method comparison was done with methods in routine use in the laboratory. The range of coefficients of variation (CVs) for the analyzers with NTs was as follows: Reflotron: CV, 2.4-7.9%; Seralyzer CV, 1.4-18.7%; Vision: CV, 1.5-2.7%; DT60: CV, 2.5-46.8. The percentage results that is different by greater than 10% between the NTs and trained technologists was related to the complexicity of procedure for each analyzer and was the lowest for the Vision analyzer and greatest for the Seralyzer.
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PMID:Near-patient testing. Quality of laboratory test results obtained by non-technical personnel in a decentralized setting. 336 74

Chemical parameters comprising urea and creatinine nitrogen, cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+), chloride, phosphorus, protein, cholesterol and enzymes, aminotransferases, alkaline and prostatic acid phosphatases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were ascertained for semen from groups A (vasectomized), B (oligospermic), and C (normospermic) men, 19 to 55 years of age. Of the parameters, the vasectomized group underwent definite depressions in potassium ion, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase as compared with the normospermic group; the last three enzymes and, possibly, the urea-creatinine ratio were decreased for the oligospermic group vs. the normospermic men. In the comparison of groups A and B, only the decrements in alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically significant. In corroboration of past reports, CK-BB comprised the main isoenzyme of semen creatine kinase.
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PMID:Enzymatic and electrolytic profiles of human semen. 337 44

727 consecutive drunken drivers were studied for laboratory markers of excessive alcohol consumption. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase showed no differences and aspartate aminotransferase and blood alcohol concentration only small differences between groups of first and repeating drunk driving offenders. The best laboratory test to differentiate the repeating offenders with probably more serious alcohol problems from the first offenders was in our material serum acetate, the mean serum acetate level of the repeating offenders being highly significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than that of the first offenders or nonalcoholic controls. Serum acetate also differentiated first offenders from nonalcoholic controls (P less than 0.001). Our results suggest that serum acetate could be used for the screening of problem drinking among drunken drivers.
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PMID:Increased serum acetate as a marker of problem drinking among drunken drivers. 339 Feb 36

Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, total magnesium, total calcium, iron, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum specimens collected from 53 free-ranging mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) during live capture using nets. Considerable variations in the concentrations of the enzymes ALP, LDH, CK, GGT and AST were found as well as in the concentrations of creatinine, bilirubin and iron. This wide variation in results seriously questions the usefulness of similar blood investigations on heterogenous groups of mechanically restrained animals.
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PMID:Blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula. 350 6


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