Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New evidence is obtained for inhibitory effect of isoniazid on activity of transaminases in prolonged application of the drug. Increase in the isoniazid inhibitory effect on alanine aminotransferase activity was shown to correlate with elevated concentration of Cu2+ in blood serum arising in experimental tuberculosis. Cu2+ and Co2+ caused the increase in the inhibitory effect of isoniazid due to their incorporation into structure of the preparation. The microelements, combined with pyridoxine, inhibited alanine aminotransferase and vice versa activated aspartate aminotransferase.
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PMID:[New aspects of the effect of isoniazid on transaminase activity in tuberculosis]. 66 79

A 33-year-old heterosexual white man underwent a liver biopsy for determination of mild elevation of aminotransferase levels (aspartate aminotransferase, two times; alanine aminotransferase, three times). The patient had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (stage IVC2) with tuberculosis of the lymph nodes. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen were positive. Syphillis tests were positive. Liver architecture was normal; sinusoids were dilated with perisinusoidal, centrilobular, and portal fibrosis. On a 1-micron-thick section and under electron microscopy, perisinusoidal cells appeared to be massively loaded with lipids, while endothelial cells contained numerous dense bodies. Some hepatocytes presented evidence of cell damage. Sinusoids were infiltrated by an increased number of lymphocytes and macrophages. This patient who had recently been treated for tuberculosis was not taking extra vitamin A. He had no disease so far reported as being associated with perisinusoidal cell hypertrophy. This case and others are evidence that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome represents another cause of perisinusoidal cell hypertrophy in which there is no documented hypervitaminosis A.
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PMID:Perisinusoidal cell hypertrophy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 237 62

The paper presents the results of a combined biochemical study of 111 patients suffering from recently diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic opisthorchiasis (main group) and 36 tuberculosis patients without infestation (control group). It was established that the mixed abnormality was significantly more often accompanied by hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The thymol and mercury-chloride sublimate tests produced positive results in 22.5 and 9.0% of the main group patients, respectively. Increased bilirubin content and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were registered in both groups of patients only during medical treatment. Thus, the fact of altered protein forming function of liver in patients with tuberculosis combined with chronic opisthorchiasis has been established, which may be due both to tuberculosis infection and the Opisthorchis invasion. Insignificant hepatic protein-forming dysfunctions are not contraindications for long-term tuberculosis therapy.
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PMID:[Biochemical indices of the blood in patients with tuberculosis combined with chronic opisthorchiasis]. 261 4

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was given daily to groups of guinea pigs at doses of 0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 1.95 mg/day for 30 days. All guinea pigs were sensitized and survivors were skin tested twenty-five days later with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mortalities occurred only in the two greatest dose groups. Signs of disease included anorexia, roughened hair coat, diarrhea and incoordination. The major histopathologic changes occurring in these two groups included hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of the gastric mucosa with infiltration of neutrophils in the deep gastric mucosa. CPA did not affect cutaneous hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis, complement activity, serum glycocholic acid concentrations or weight gains. There were increases in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase concentrations in the serum of guinea pigs in the two greater dose groups, but no changes were found in serum concentrations of SAP. There was a slight increase in the serum bilirubin concentrations in the greater dose groups.
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PMID:Effect of cyclopiazonic acid on delayed hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complement activity, serum enzymes, and bilirubin in guinea pigs. 309 99

Enzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in the cytosol of renal cortex samples from either normal and pathologic kidney tissue. The mean enzyme activity values, expressed in Units per gram of cytosolic protein decreased in the following order: normal cortex (LDH = 4,299 +/- 654; AST = 522 +/- 101; ALT = 197 +/- 44). chronic pyelonephritis (LDH = 2,360 +/- 876; AST = 297 +/- 117; ALT = 90 +/- 48), hydronephrosis (LDH = 2,208 +/- 1,264; AST = 279 +/- 165; ALT = 82 +/- 61), pyonephrosis (LDH = 1,410 +/- 596; AST = 158 +/- 69; ALT = 23.4 +/- 16.4) and renal tuberculosis (LDH = 1,149 +/- 481; AST = 93 +/- 34; ALT = 5.6 +/- 2.8). The decrease in the enzyme activities paralleled tissue damage and it was shown to affect cellular functionality in relation with energy and amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic enzyme activities involved in energy and amino acid metabolism in pathological human renal cortex. 324 90

The incidence of tuberculosis has recently risen in Southeast Florida. In order to determine the number and proportion of tuberculosis cases and the characteristics of tuberculosis that might be related to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-III (HTLV-III) infection, all patients seen by the Dade County Florida Public Health Department-Tuberculosis Clinic during a 6-month period were medically evaluated and screened for HTLV-III antibody by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 71 consecutive patients confirmed to have tuberculosis (70 by culture) during the study period, 22 (31%) were seropositive and 49 (69%) were seronegative for HTLV-III antibody. The seropositive group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who were black, Haitian, and within the age group of 25 to 44 yr. The seropositive group also had a significantly higher rate of mild-to-moderate serum aspartate transaminase elevations (less than or equal to 5 times normal), tuberculin skin test false negativity, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (especially lymphatic), and pulmonary tuberculosis with an atypical radiographic picture. The seropositive group had a significantly lower proportion of patients with sputum cultures positive for M. tuberculosis. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the proportion of patients with positive sputum smears when sputum cultures were positive, serious antituberculosis drug reactions (requiring discontinuation of therapy), or percent of home contacts who were tuberculin skin tested and found to be positive. At the time of the diagnosis of tuberculosis, only 6 (27%) of the seropositive patients with tuberculosis had clinical evidence of AIDS or AIDS-related complex (unexplained thrush).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III) seropositivity and related disease among 71 consecutive patients in whom tuberculosis was diagnosed. A prospective study. 364 99

A history of alcoholism is often regarded as a relative contraindication to the use of isoniazid and rifampin in patients with tuberculosis. To test the validity of this assumption the outcome of 6 months of rifampin-isoniazid therapy was analyzed for the first 531 eligible patients enrolled in a U.S. Public Health Service Cooperative Trial of Short-Course Chemotherapy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In this study, data were available to classify a patient as an alcoholic in the following 2 ways: (1) patient's statement that he was a moderate, heavy, or excessive user of alcohol, or (2) patient's score of 6 or more on a Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Based on their statements, 58% of the patients were classified as alcoholic, whereas only 17.9% were thus classified by their MAST scores. Although alcoholics had more abnormal concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and during therapy, there was no significant difference between the alcoholics and non-alcoholics in the incidence of adverse reactions, including hepatotoxic reactions, including hepatotoxic reactions, attributed to the drugs. We concluded that in the absence of clinically significant and persistent pretreatment abnormalities of hepatic function tests, rifampin and isoniazid are not contraindicated in patients categorized as alcoholic by our 2 commonly used methods.
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PMID:Rifampin-isoniazid therapy of alcoholic and nonalcoholic tuberculous patients in a U.S. Public Health Service Cooperative Therapy Trial. 699 37

The clinical and pathological features of 22 patients, 11 males and 11 females 17-70 years of age (48.0 +/- 16.0 years), with hepatic tuberculosis were reviewed. Five patients had no evidence of extrahepatic tuberculosis (local form), and 17 had the miliary form. The clinical features of the miliary and local forms were similar with pyrexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and body weight loss as the main manifestations. The biochemical findings were also quite similar in reversed albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio (2.9/3.5 vs. 3.2/3.4 g/dl) and disproportionate elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in comparison with bilirubin values but lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (40.4 +/- 51.0 vs. 170.8 +/- 209.4 U/l; p < 0.05) and ALP (208.5 +/- 138.9 vs. 389.5 +/- 271.1 U/l; p < 0.05) in the miliary form. Patients with the local form had higher albumin (3.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.7 g/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (160.4 +/- 221.7 vs. 65.9 +/- 69.7 U/l), and gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) (217.0 +/- 144.0 vs. 136.0 +/- 92.1 U/l), although the differences were not significant. The histopathological features of the miliary form were also similar to the local form with granuloma, caseation, acid-fast bacilli, fatty change and portal fibrosis as the main findings. The local form revealed more severe signs of hepatocytic damage while the miliary form was more wasting. The results suggest that the miliary and local forms of hepatic tuberculosis had quite similar clinical presentations and pathological features. The biochemical tests suggesting hepatic tuberculosis were reversed A/G ratio and disproportionate elevation of ALP.
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PMID:Hepatic tuberculosis: comparison of miliary and local form. 774 92

A total of 92 adolescents aged 13-17 with a turn in the tuberculin reactions underwent clinicomorphological and laboratory examinations at sanatorium where they received chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis. The clinicomorphological examination involved description of phenotypical characteristics of dysembryogenetic stigmas by 22 anatomical units. Hepatic function was assessed before and during chemoprophylaxis by serum biochemistry: total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid. High stigmatization of the phenotype, the presence of dysembryogenetic stigmas of the face and skull, nose, jaws, chest, abdomen and pelvis occurred more frequently in adolescents with changes in serum biochemistry reflecting hepatic condition.
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PMID:[Role of phenotype in liver function in adolescents with change of the tuberculin reaction during chemoprophylaxis]. 812 25

Standard chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) in children uses hepatotoxic drugs. Published data and guidelines on monitoring of liver function during TB treatment are often contradictory and not directly relevant to the pediatric population. We carefully monitored 43 children (age 6.6 years, 0.7-15.1 [median, range]; 49% male; 72% Caucasian) being treated for TB infection (n = 8) or disease (n = 35) with triple therapy, using pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and isoniazid in standard recommended doses. Children on other hepatotoxic drugs were excluded. Measurements of liver function tests (LFT) included aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin, and they were checked before and a median of 5 times (1-23) during treatment. Only one child had mildly abnormal LFTs pretreatment. Thirteen children (n = 13, [30%]; age 7.6 years, 1.8-10.9; 54% male; 77% Caucasian) developed abnormal LFTs (> mean + 2 SD) and of these 10 had TB disease. Eight of the 13 had mildly elevated enzymes (< twice upper limit of normal) while in five, all with disease, the enzymes were more markedly raised. In the group with normal LFTs (n = 30, [70%]; age 6.6 years 0.7-15.1; 47% male; 70% Caucasian) 25 had disease (83%). Liver enzyme elevation occurred early (1.65 weeks, 0.6-16.6). Only two children had symptoms (one jaundice, one pruritus) with treatment being stopped temporarily only in the jaundiced child. Otherwise, LFTs normalized without interrupting treatment. We conclude that elevated liver enzymes are not uncommon in children receiving triple therapy for TB, generally occurring early in treatment. Symptoms are rare. Current British Thoracic Society and American Thoracic Society guidelines (that if LFTs are normal prior to treatment then further monitoring should only be performed if clinically indicated) seem adequate for children.
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PMID:Hepatic enzyme abnormalities in children on triple therapy for tuberculosis. 1002 90


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