Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effect of ultraviolet and gamma radiations on the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the specific intermediate host of schistosomiasis, was investigated. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of LD in the species under study were also taken as a measured parameter and the effect of gamma-irradiation on the glutathione content in the haemolymph of the snails have been included.
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PMID:Variation of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase in irradiated Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. 193 13

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (EC.2.6.1.1.) I, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (EC.2.6.1.2) II and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) (EC.1.1.1.27) III have been measured in tissue homogenate and in haemolymph of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the specific intermediate host for the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni.
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PMID:Selected enzymatic activities in fresh water snails, specific intermediate host for human schistosomiasis. 249 22

Clinical and laboratory findings and hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were compared in 105 patients with uncomplicated schistosomiasis mansoni, schistosomiasis haematobium, or both infections. 34 (32%) had HBs antigen (Ag); 51 (49%) had anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc; 20 (19%) had no markers for HBV. In comparison with the non-HBV-infected group, the group with HBsAg had more complaints of nausea and vomiting, and higher mean values for serum bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase, and were less likely to complain of loose stools. In comparison with the non-HBV-infected group both groups having HBV markers were older, more likely to have received prior therapy (parenteral therapy in particular) for schistosomiasis, less likely to complain of blood in their stools, and more likely to have higher serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, and alanine aminotransferase. This study supports two mechanisms which could cause an association between HBV infection and schistosomiasis: (i) self-selection by patients with schistosomiasis seeking medical care for symptoms due to HBV infection and (ii) iatrogenic infection with HBV during parenteral treatment for schistosomiasis. It also suggests that much of the clinical morbidity ascribed to uncomplicated chronic schistosomiasis may be caused by a concomitant occult HBV infection.
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PMID:The relationship between uncomplicated schistosomiasis and hepatitis B infection. 251 75

The serum activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were measured in 25 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection (Group I), 26 patients with schistosomal hepatosplenomegaly and ascites (Group II) and 21 normal controls. The activities of these enzymes were compared with those of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The mean levels of MAO, GGT and GDH of Group I were not significantly different from controls. The mean levels of MAO and GGT in Group II, however, were significantly different from corresponding mean levels of Group I and the controls at P less than .001. Changes in the mean level of GDH and ALT were not significant. By contrast, the levels of AST and ALP in both groups showed significant elevation over control levels at P less than .001. These results indicate that estimation of the two enzymes MAO and GGT may aid in the biochemical differentiation of the stages of schistosomiasis and their associated hepatic complications.
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PMID:Serum enzyme tests in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. 612 67

Cholylglycine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from 10 control CFI female mice and 22 CFI female mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Cholylglycine was significantly elevated in sera of all but one of the chronically infected animals. Serum aspartate transaminase was within normal limits in all the infected animals; while five infected mice had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and all these five also had high levels of serum cholylglycine. Marked hepatic histopathological changes were demonstrated in all the infected animals. The data suggest that serum cholylglycine is a highly sensitive index for hepatic dysfunction in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated cholic acid in hepatic murine schistosomiasis. 653 47

From this comparison of 37 black children with hepatic schistosomiasis (HS) and 53 with intestinal Schistosoma mansoni (IS) living in an endemic area, we propose easily identifiable clinical features of mild HS. These patients were generally well nourished school-age children who seldom complained of dysentery but who had a firm hepatomegaly with predominant enlargement of the left lobe and a firm splenomegaly. They were also mildly anaemic (9.4 +/- 2.2 g/dl) and had low serum albumin (30 +/- 7 g/l), raised aspartate transaminase (36 +/- 31 u/l) and high globulins (53 +/- 15 g/l). The implications of the absence of severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in many of these children are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical recognition of mild hepatic schistosomiasis in an endemic area. 671 May 66

The authors performed a late evaluation of a distal splenorenal anastomosis minimum of five years following operation on 13 patients with schistosomiasis of the compensated liver-splenic type. The study of the anastomosis had been proven patent when the evaluation took place. Each patient underwent clinical, laboratorial, endoscopic and electroencephalographic assessment. The results demonstrated that no patient had shown any sign of recurrence of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Among the endoscopic aspects, esophageal varices disappeared in 46.1% of the cases. There was reduction in the number, extent and volume of esophageal varices in 46.1%, 38.4% and 53.8% of the cases. Gastric varices disappeared in 91.6% of the cases. Only one patient (7.6%) had shown clinical and electroencephalographic signs of hepatic encephalopathy in the late final evaluation (non-significant). Only one patient (7.6%) had shown late postoperative ascites (non-significant). There were no significant alterations in serum levels of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine in all the 13 patients. The values of indirect serum bilirubin increased in 92.3% of the patients. There was regression of splenomegaly in all 13 patients, as well as a significant improvement in their hematological values. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or in the activity of the plasma prothrombin. The authors concluded that the distal splenorenal anastomosis became a protection factor against upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and led to long-term improvement in the endoscopic aspects of esophagogastric varices, a significant improvement in the laboratorial aspects of hypersplenism and a marked reduction of splenomegaly with no significant changes in the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, renal function and hepatic function and had not compromised, long term, the quality of life of the majority of patients.
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PMID:Late clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and electroencephalographic evaluation of patients with schistosomal portal hypertension treated with distal splenorenal shunt. 970 17

To address the question of how the murine host responds to a prototypic type 1 cytokine inducer while concurrently undergoing a helminth-induced type 2 cytokine response, C57BL/6 strain animals with patent schistosomiasis mansoni were orally infected with the cystogenic Toxoplasma gondii strain ME49. Schistosoma mansoni infection resulted in a significantly higher mortality rate when mice were subsequently orally infected with ME49, and these animals displayed a defective IFN-gamma and NO response relative to animals infected with T. gondii alone. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha and aspartate transaminase in double-infected mice were greatly elevated relative to mice infected with either parasite alone. Consistent with the latter observation, these animals exhibited severe liver pathology, with regions of coagulative necrosis and hepatocyte vacuolization unapparent in mice carrying either infection alone. Interestingly, mean egg granuloma size was approximately 50% of that in mice with S. mansoni infection alone. The exacerbated liver pathology in coinfected mice did not appear to be a result of uncontrolled tachyzoite replication, because both parasite-specific RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a low number of tachyzoites in the liver. We hypothesize that mortality in these animals results from the high level of systemic TNF-alpha, which mediates a severe liver pathology culminating in death of the animal.
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PMID:Toxoplasma gondii and Schistosoma mansoni synergize to promote hepatocyte dysfunction associated with high levels of plasma TNF-alpha and early death in C57BL/6 mice. 1043 48

To dissect the controversial roles of type 1 and type 2 cytokines to the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, we generated IL-10/IL-4- and IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice that develop highly polarized type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses, respectively. Interestingly, the Th1-polarized IL-10/IL-4-deficient mice rapidly lost weight at the onset of egg-laying and displayed 100% mortality by wk 9 postinfection. This acute mortality was linked to overexpression of the proinflammatory mediators IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and inducible NO and the formation of nonfibrotic granulomas. Elevated serum aspartate transaminase levels confirmed that mortality was in part attributable to acute hepatotoxicity. In contrast, the Th2-polarized IL-10/IL-12-deficient mice developed a progressive wasting disease that correlated with increased hepatic fibrosis, formation of large eosinophil-rich granulomas, a 10-fold increase in IL-4 and IL-13, and significant mortality during the chronic stages of infection. Surprisingly, IL-10-deficient mice displayed pathological features that were characteristic of both extremes, while wild-type mice developed relatively successful long term chronic infections. These data demonstrate that IL-10 significantly suppresses type 1 and type 2 cytokine development in IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice, respectively, thereby impeding the development of severe egg-induced pathology in the single cytokine-deficient animals. Together, these findings reveal the central regulatory role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis and illustrate that excessive type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses trigger distinct, but equally detrimental, forms of pathology following infection.
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PMID:IL-10 and the dangers of immune polarization: excessive type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses induce distinct forms of lethal immunopathology in murine schistosomiasis. 1084 96

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a widespread parasitic disease in the Brazilian territory that affects over 8 million individuals. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is a serious clinical presentation of this disease, associated with splenomegaly, liver fibrosis, and portal hypertension, and is responsible for approximately 7% of schistosomotic patients. The surgical treatment of portal hypertension in schistosomotic patients has distinct features when compared with cirrhotic patients, mostly because hepatic function is preserved in schistosomotic liver disease. Therefore, when attempting to reduce the portal pressure, the surgeon must be aware that the surgery might interfere with hepatic perfusion, and consequently with hepatic function. The aim of this study was to report the results achieved with splenectomy, division of the left gastric vein, devascularization of great gastric curvature, and postoperative endoscopic variceal sclerosis, as a surgical option to esophageal varices in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. A total of 111 patients were studied, and the following is a list of inclusion criteria: age >16 years, history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, presence of esophageal varices on preoperative endoscopy, hematocrit >22% and prothrombin enzymatic activity >50%, negative viral hepatitis on serologic tests (anti-HBV and anti-HCV), and definition, after liver biopsy, of exclusive schistosomotic liver disease. The following list includes exclusion criteria used: presence of liver disease other than schistosomotic, history of alcohol abuse, and preoperative thrombosis of the portal vein. The rebleeding rate was 14.4% during a mean 30-month follow-up period; portal vein thrombosis was 13.2%, and there was a global mortality of 5.4%. Gastric varices were present in 46.9% of the patients; for those patients, a gastrotomy and running suture of the varices achieved an eradication rate of the varices of 75.6%. The degree of periportal fibrosis was also analyzed. Periportal fibrosis staging revealed that patients with class II or III liver fibrosis had a significant increased risk of recurrent GI bleeding when compared with patients with class I liver fibrosis. Despite the elevation on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), most other liver function tests showed no alteration or were corrected after surgery. We conclude that splenectomy, division of the left gastric vein, devascularization of great gastric curvature, and postoperative endoscopic variceal sclerosis showed good results globally and should be considered as therapeutic options in the treatment of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of schistosomal portal hypertension. 1189 Mar 33


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