Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concept of tumor markers was reviewed, and the potential uses of markers of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and methods for their evaluation were discussed. Markers examined included lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, the polyamines, desmosterol, and several other enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and immunologic markers. Data collated from the clinical studies surveyed showed isocitrate dehydrogenase, desmosterol, and the polyamines to have the greatest potential utility in the diagnosis of CNS tumors.
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PMID:Biochemical markers of central nervous system tumors measured in cerebrospinal fluid and their potential use in diagnosis and patient management: a review. 38 10

The diagnostic value of CSF lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase in cases of brain tumours (except for CSF AST in the benign tumours), congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess is established. Tumour cyst fluids show a higher enzymatic activity than does the CSF. The two enzyme estimations do not help in differentiating the supratentorial from the infratentorial tumours. CSF AST is superior to CSF LD in discriminating the malignant and benign tumours, in so far as the AST is increases selectively in malignancy. Estimates of CSF LD are slightly superior to those of CSF AST, both in incidence of abnormality and the degree of their rise.
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PMID:Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartete transaminase of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with brain tumours, congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess. 101 Oct 18

Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms (n = 25) were diagnosed in 21 cats during a 5.5-year period. Thirteen of the neoplasms were benign bile duct adenomas and 12 were malignant, 6 of which were bile duct adenocarcinomas. All cats were greater than or equal to 10 years old, and 14 were male. Main clinical signs were anorexia and lethargy, and 15 of 21 cats had hepatomegaly. All 21 cats were feline leukemia virus-test negative. Although there was a trend toward high activities of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, neither clinical signs nor enzyme activity were specific for diagnosis of hepatic neoplasia in the cats of this study.
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PMID:Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983-1988). 133 Sep 99

Medical records of 11 cats with lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes were reviewed. All 9 cats tested were FeLV-negative. Ten cats had a history of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, or diarrhea, and had lymphoma involving abdominal viscera. The most common site of tumor in these cats was the jejunum. One cat had cutaneous masses caused by dermal and epidermal infiltration with neoplastic large granular lymphocytes. The most common hematologic abnormality was leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift (7 cats); 2 cats had a left shift without neutrophilia. None of the cats had lymphocytosis, but immature large granular lymphocytes were found in the blood of 4 cats. The most common serum biochemical abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia (10 cats), hypocalcemia (10 cats), hypoproteinemia (9 cats), high aspartate transaminase activity (9 cats), and hyperbilirubinemia (8 cats). Large granular lymphocytes were characterized by abundant cytoplasm containing distinct azurophilic granules that varied in size and number. The most common cytochemical staining pattern included detection of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activities. On examination of histologic sections, granules stained weakly eosinophilic with Giemsa and moderately with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Ultrastructurally, the granules appeared membrane bound and contained an electron-dense matrix in 4 cats.
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PMID:Lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes in cats: 11 cases (1982-1991). 142 72

During the twenty-nine-year period from June 1959 to October 1988, 32 infants and children with histology-proved hepatoblastoma were seen at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). The age at diagnosis ranged from four days to six years, with a mean of one year and eight months. Most of the patients (87.5%) were under the age of three. There was no sex predilection (16 males, 16 females). The most common presenting signs were an upper abdominal mass (71.9%) and/or abdominal distention (62.5%). Physically, all the patients revealed hepatomegaly, with or without mass. Laboratory abnormalities included primarily thrombocytosis (64.3%), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (75.0%), serum alanine aminotransferase (62.5%), cholesterol (78.3%) and alphafetoprotein (92.3%). According to the classification of Ishak and Glunz, 56.3% of these belonged to the epithelial type; the others belonged to the mixed type. During the follow-up period, 6 patients with complete resection of the tumor remained alive from 2 years to 17 years and 4 months. Twenty-two patients died from 8 days to 16 months after diagnosis. Four patients were lost to follow-up. The two-year survival rate was 21.4% (6/28). Complete resection of the tumor was the key treatment for achieving survival.
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PMID:Hepatoblastoma in infancy and childhood: a clinical and pathological study of 32 cases. 164 97

The response and survival of 26 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer, who received OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy from 1984 to 1990, were evaluated. OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy was comprised sequential treatment via the hepatic artery with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 (1-5 KE), and adoptive transfer of lymphocytes expanded in T-cell growth factor and sonicated tumor extract antigen. Seventeen (65%) patients responded to the therapy. The median survival time of all patients after treatment was 13 months (range, 2-63 months). Of the 20 prognostic factors analyzed, performance status (PS) alone was related to response (P less than 0.01). The response rate of the patients with a PS of 0-2 was 83% but only 25% in those with a PS of 3 or 4. In univariate analysis, 11 factors significantly influenced the survival: tumor response; size of primary tumor; menopausal status; PS; serum bilirubin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxalate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase); the extent of liver involvement; and the number and the proliferation rate of transferred lymphocytes. The MST was 22.8 months for the responders versus 2.8 months for the nonresponders (P less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the most important factor associated with survival was the tumor response, as well as PS, liver involvement, lactate dehydrogenase and albumin. These results suggest that OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy can be considered a candidate for a randomised control study and these factors should be used for stratification.
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PMID:Factors influencing the response and survival of patients with liver metastases from breast cancer receiving OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy. 173 36

The photocoagulating properties of the water-jet-cooled Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm) have been studied in a rat tumor model. A colon carcinoma CC531 was implanted in the liver; 20 days after inoculation, laser therapy was performed with 600 J, 850 J, 1,200 J, 1,700 J, or 2,400 J at a power setting of either 10 or 20 W. Liver damage was determined in tissue specimen on day 1 after treatment and by serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase on day 1 and 2. Tissue specimen of day 36 were used to evaluate tumor remission. Liver function was assessed by antipyrine clearance on day 2. Light microscopic examination on day 1 showed coagulative necrosis up to 10 mm in diameter at 1,700 J and 20 W. At 20 W, liver damage was 22% larger than at 10 W (P = 0.0001). A significant relationship was found between laser energy and liver damage with complete tumor destruction in all animals at 2,400 J. No deterioration in liver function was found. The results of this study show the ability of the water-jet-cooled Nd:YAG laser to produce tumor coagulation necrosis with minor liver damage.
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PMID:Water-jet-cooled Nd:YAG laser coagulation: selective destruction of rat liver metastases. 181 80

In samples collected from 170 dogs suspected of having hepatobiliary disease, preprandial serum bile acids (PRSBA) and postprandial serum bile acids (POSBA) concentrations were measured, using a spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Dogs were assigned to 8 disease groups and 1 control group on the basis of hepatic histopathologic findings. Pre- and postprandial SBA concentrations and results of routine biochemical analyses (including total bilirubin, albumin, and BUN concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities) were expressed, using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Single tests and combinations of tests in series were evaluated. For diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease, the specificity of PRSBA was 100% at values greater than 20 mumol/L and of POSBA was 100% at values greater than 25 mumol/L. Test combinations with the best sensitivity for diagnosing the following diseases were: PRSBA-POSBA for cirrhosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; PRSBA-POSBA or PRSBA-ALP for cholestasis; PRSBA-POSBA or ALT-AST for chronic hepatitis; PRSBA-ALT for hepatic necrosis and passive congestion; and PRSBA-ALP for neoplasia. Test combinations with the overall highest sensitivity and positive predictive value for the fewest number of tests were PRSBA-POSBA, and either PRSBA or POSBA combined with an enzyme activity (ALT, AST, or ALP). The overall test efficacy for PRSBA vs POSBA was nearly identical: for PRSBA, it was 82.4%, and for POSBA, it was 82.3%. On the basis of the results of this study, PRSBA greater than 20 mumol/L or POSBA greater than 25 mumol/L (measured by use of an enzymatic procedure) indicates histopathologic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system or portosystemic vascular anastomosis. Seemingly, determination of SBA concentrations can be used to indicate the propriety for hepatic biopsy. Pre- and postprandial serum bile acids concentrations should be evaluated in conjunction with routinely used hepatobiliary screening tests for best diagnostic advantage.
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PMID:Evaluation of twelve-hour preprandial and two-hour postprandial serum bile acids concentrations for diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs. 189 31

In vivo studies with L-[13N]glutamate in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma implanted under the renal capsule of female Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrate that uptake of glutamate and the rate of incorporation of the nitrogen label from this amino acid into metabolites is slower in the tumor than in nontumorous kidney tissue. Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutaminase, and alanine aminotransferase activities are significantly lower within the tumor than within the adjoining kidney. However, the tumor expresses high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, attesting to the importance of this enzyme in the metabolism of glutamate. Indeed, high performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the principal metabolic fate of label derived from L-[13N]glutamate in the tumor is incorporation into aspartate. Measurement of specific activity ratios of glutamate to aspartate shows that the transfer of nitrogen from glutamate to aspartate is rapid and that equilibration of label among components of the aspartate aminotransferase reaction is attained within minutes after tumor uptake. Analyses of the nontumorous portion of the implanted kidney also showed that aspartate is the major recipient of glutamate nitrogen. However, high performance liquid chromatographic analyses of deproteinized tissue revealed that glutamine and ammonia are also significant 13N-labeled metabolites formed from L-[13N]glutamate within the kidney. Proportionately lower amounts of these labeled metabolites were found in the tumor.
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PMID:Short-term metabolic fate of L-[13N]glutamate in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in vivo. 197 67

The aim of this study was to produce large liver tumors reliably, and to diagnose the tumors during development. Therefore, New Zealand white rabbits were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine orally three times per week by gavage and were examined by clinical-chemical assay at regular intervals during the average treatment period of 14 months. The total cumulative dose was 1200 mg N-nitrosodiethylamine over 14 months. After a short treatment period the initial dose of 3 mg/kg had to be reduced to 1.5 mg/kg. In all 11 treated animals (100%) liver tumors were seen at the end of the study. Four control animals did not show any neoplastic changes. Clinical parameters investigated were for an assessment of liver function, total protein, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and neuraminic acid as well as some serum electrolytes. The in vivo diagnosis of liver tumors based on changes in these parameters proved to be relatively unreliable. The liver enzyme tests and urea concentration only yielded significant changes when the liver tumors were very large. Changes in neuraminic acid levels were the most reliable indicator for the presence of a liver tumor in this animal model. In the 11 treated animals, serum values of this marker increased towards the end of the study by an average of 300 mg/dl. The induced tumors were mainly hepatocellular carcinomas. Only in 1 animal was a hepatocellular adenoma found. Further primary tumors diagnosed were six adenomas in the kidneys and two uterus adenomas, as well as nasal cavity tumors (two papillomas, one carcinoma, one adenoma and one adenocarcinoma). In 70% of the treated rabbits the hepatocellular carcinomas had metastasized to the lungs.
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PMID:Diethylnitrosamine-induced metastasizing hepatocellular carcinomas in New Zealand white rabbits. A tumor model for clinical investigations. 200 10


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