Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

To study the potential of multivariate classification methods in order to obtain more insight into abnormal laboratory data from patients with sickle cell disease, we investigated standard haematological and clinical chemical variables of 18 controls and 37 apparently healthy persons with heterozygous sickle cell disease (Hb AS), all women, using both univariate and multivariate classification methods. In the univariate method, those with Hb AS showed decreased serum log aspartate aminotransferase (log AST) activity, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and increased sodium concentration. The multivariate method identified sodium, potassium, urea, uric acid, log AST, alanine aminotransferase and MCH as the variables that produced maximal separation between persons with Hb As and controls. It increased the 'non-error rate' for classification of persons with Hb AS by 16.4% compared with classification based on the variable, MCH, that produced maximal separation by the univariate method. The frequency distribution of percentage Hb S in the Hb AS group proved bimodal with maximal separation at 37.0% Hb S. The subgroup with 37.0% or less (n = 16) was considered to have concomitant heterozygous alpha-thalassaemia-2. In the univariate method the subgroup characterized by greater than 37.0% Hb S (n = 21) had increased serum sodium and uric acid concentrations, perhaps related to sickle cell nephropathy, whereas the subgroup with less than or equal to 37% Hb S did not. The multivariate method added information to the univariate method by additionally identifying abnormalities in serum potassium and urea concentrations in the former subgroup.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Potential of descriptive linear discriminant analysis for studying clinical chemical and haematological data from persons with heterozygous sickle cell disease. 189 49

Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) by oral gavage for a period of 90 consecutive days. Dosage levels of 15, 30, 60 or 120 mg/kg per day were employed. SMCA clearly induced toxicity in both females and males, with the greatest severity in the male animals. Both the liver and kidneys were identified as target organs. At 120 mg/kg per day, 30% of females and 80% of the males died, most within the first 2 days of treatment. Hemorrhagic and congested lungs (possibly a postmortem change) were seen in the early deaths (1-3 days) whereas liver lesions were observed in later deaths. In addition, there was nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevated creatinine, blood calcium (BCAL), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Hepatotoxicity was indicated by increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Both organs showed increased organ-to-body weight ratios. Microscopic examination revealed a significant (P less than or equal to 0.001) increase in chronic renal nephropathy and increased splenic pigmentation at 60 mg/kg per day in the males. Based on the observation of toxicity at all treatment levels in males, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 15 mg/kg per day is proposed for a 90-day exposure to SMCA by oral gavage to the Sprague--Dawley rat.
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PMID:Ninety-day toxicity study of sodium monochloroacetate in Sprague-Dawley rats. 203 Dec 51

Blood lithium (Li) levels, renal functional parameters and urine excretion of enzymatic activities having different intracellular sites were investigated on rats submitted to acute and subacute Li chloride administration. In acute experiments increased levels of all detected enzymes were assayed following Li single doses of 5 and 10 mEq/kg b.w. In subacute poisoning, urine output of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase was significantly over the basal ranges following 15 days in concomitance with marked elevation of plasma Li levels and exhibited progressive increase until 30 days; on the 10th day following Li withdrawal, elevated excretion of enzymatic activities was still assayed. The results are in agreement with data about the localization of the histologic lesions involving different sites of the nephron in acute Li poisoning and the distal tubular tract in subacute toxicity. In subacute administration the output of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial activities can be assumed as an index of damage of the nephron cells which can persist following Li withdrawal. Our findings indicate that the urine enzyme assay is a valuable tool to detect renal damage in experimental Li nephropathy.
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PMID:Urinary enzyme excretion in acute and subacute experimental lithium administration. 287 33

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the nephrotoxicity of the uranium-containing compound uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) is enhanced after unilateral nephrectomy. Unilaterally nephrectomized (NPX) and sham-operated (SO) rats were given single intravenous injections of UO2F2 at doses delivering 100 or 250 micrograms U/kg 16 days after surgery. Between the second and third day after the administration of either dose of UO2F2, the urinary excretion of the cellular enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the plasma solute albumin began to increase significantly in both the NPX and SO rats. The urinary excretion of the plasma solute glucose did not begin to increase significantly in the NPX and SO rats until 4 days after the administration of either dose of UO2F2. During the fifth day following the administration of either dose of UO2F2 (which was also the last day that urinary data were collected) the urinary excretion of LDH, AST, and glucose in the NPX and SO rats was greater than that during any previous day. The urinary excretion of these three compounds during this fifth day was greater in the SO rats than in the NPX rats. Also during the fifth day following the injection of either dose of UO2F2, the fractional excretion of glucose was higher in the SO rats than in the NPX rats. By the end of the fifth day, the level of histologically demonstrable cellular necrosis in the pars recta of proximal tubules in the renal cortex and outer medulla of the NPX and SO rats was statistically similar. Therefore, the nephropathy in rats induced by UO2F2 is not made more severe as a result of unilateral nephrectomy.
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PMID:Nephrotoxicity of uranyl fluoride in uninephrectomized and sham-operated rats. 337 9

A 7-year-old adult male ferret had progressive hair loss that was bilaterally symmetric. Also clinically evident were severe dehydration, polydipsia, muffled heart sounds, weak femoral pulses, hepatomegaly, lethargy, weakness, temporal muscular atrophy, dyspnea, and weakness. The blood profile of the ferret indicated profound leukopenia, eosinopenia, and high phosphorus, BUN, creatinine, and potassium concentrations, as well as high aspartate transaminase activity; the albumin concentration was low. The serum cortisol concentration was 8.1 micrograms/dl. Necropsy and histologic findings confirmed a diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, complicated by dilatative cardiomyopathy, chronic active hepatitis, and renal disease.
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PMID:Hyperadrenocorticism in a ferret. 365 2

Thirty children with urinary tract infection and nonobstructive vesicoureteral reflux have been followed prospectively for a mean of 17 months. After classification according to age and grade of reflux, 10 patients were assigned at random to treatment with antimicrobial prophylaxis alone or antimicrobial prophylaxis plus corrective surgery. Twenty other patients were also treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis alone. All were assigned at random to treatment with a single daily dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or nitrofurantoin. Cultures of urine, complete blood cell counts, and determination of levels of aspartate aminotransferase in serum were performed regularly during follow-up. Both drugs proved effective in prevention of recurrent infection, and no significant hematologic or hepatic abnormalities were noted. Current results suggest that either prophylaxis or surgery may effectively prevent chronic pyelonephritis or reflux nephropathy, but only continuing evaluation of this group of patients will confirm these results.
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PMID:Antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux. 698 Nov 65

Serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were studied at initial peritoneal dialysis in two groups of patients with renal failure. In Group I the patients underwent no intracorporeal interventions other than the implantation of a permanent catheter for peritoneal dialysis. In Group II the patients received injections or infusions in addition to the insertion of the catheter. CK was found to be significantly raised in Group II as a result of the injections or infusions. ASAT and ALAT were within normal range for both groups. LDH was significantly raised in Group II, probably to be explained by the degree of severity of the renal disease. It is concluded that the implantation of a permanent catheter for peritoneal dialysis and the institution of peritoneal dialysis do not per se lead to a rise in the serum concentrations of the enzymes CK, ASAT, ALAT, and LDH.
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PMID:Serum enzyme levels during initial peritoneal dialysis. 705 67

The activity of three urinary enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), was evaluated in 71 adult owl monkeys. Fifty-six animals had normal renal function, while 15 had evidence of renal dysfunction. Urinary enzyme: urinary creatinine ratios (UE: UCr) were also determined. The activity for NAG was similar to that of other species, while ALP and AST were higher. Regression analyses revealed that urinary enzymes and UE:UCr were significantly correlated (P < or = 0.0001) with indices of renal damage and could identify active renal disease.
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PMID:Urinary enzyme concentrations in the owl monkey (Aotus nancymae). 813 83

As endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstricting peptide, may play a role in the circulatory derangement and renal impairment in cirrhosis, the aim of the present study was to investigate plasma concentrations of ET-1 in different vascular beds in relation to clinical and biochemical parameters of liver function. Median brachial venous ET-1 concentrations were substantially higher in patients with cirrhosis (3.40 pg/ml, range: 1.25-7.84, n = 24) than in controls (1.53 pg/ml, range: 0.78-2.12, n = 11) (P < 0.00005). In patients with cirrhosis ET-1 was directly correlated to serum creatinine (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001) and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.44, P < 0.03) and negatively correlated to serum sodium (r = -0.58, P < 0.003). In patients who underwent liver vein catheterization (n = 8), no significant differences were found in ET-1 plasma concentration between the liver, renal, or femoral veins on the one hand and the femoral artery on the other (P > 0.1), indicating no major net elimination or release in the liver, kidney or lower limb. A significant negative correlation was found between systolic and diastolic blood pressures on the one hand and circulating ET-1 on the other (r = -0.71, P < 0.05). In conclusion, circulating ET-1 is elevated in cirrhosis and related to markers of systemic circulation and renal function, thus suggesting a role for ET-1 in the circulatory derangement and nephropathy in cirrhosis. Locations of major net elimination or release of ET-1 were not identified.
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PMID:Elevated circulating plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in cirrhosis. 830 Oct 63


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