Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between plasma protein bound iodine (PBI) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity was investigated in 143 males and 528 females suspected of various thyroid disorders; there was significant negative correlation between low PBI level and raised CK activity. CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were determined in plasma from patients with reduced PBI levels; apart from CK, LD was the only enzyme increased in an appreciable number of cases. A further series of specimens was collected from 66 patients with low PBI levels and the CK isoenzymes investigated. In all of these MM was the main form present; a trace of MB was found in 6. These findings do not explain the elevation of CK in hypothyroidism which may be a non-specific effect.
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PMID:An investigation into creatine kinase and other plasma enzymes in thyroid disorders. 7 98

Acute muscle pain with stiffness developed in a patient with latent hypothyroidism after administration of clofibrate. Serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly elevated, but returned to normal one and a half months after the discontinuation of clofibrate. Clofibrate challenge (750 mg/day) for three days caused muscle pain and an elevation in serum CK. Hypothyroidism may be a predisposing factor in the development of clofibrate-induced myopathy.
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PMID:Clofibrate-induced myopathy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism. 208 82

Amiodarone is a powerful anti-arrhythmic drug. However, its use is somewhat limited by side-effects. No study examining side-effects specifically in elderly patients exists. We have reviewed noncardiac side-effects in 61 elderly patients on long-term oral amiodarone treatment (follow-up 3-66 months). The most troublesome side-effect was hypothyroidism (nine patients, 15%). No cases of frank hyperthyroidism were seen. Elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) was common (16 patients, 26%), but generally mild and transient. Photosensitivity occurred in six patients (10%). Corneal deposits were common but gave rise to symptoms in only one patient. Two patients reported tremor. Hypothyroidism appeared to be more common and photosensitivity less common than in previously reported series in younger adults. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is our policy to continue to prescribe amiodarone to elderly patients, regulate monitoring for adverse effects is however mandatory.
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PMID:Noncardiac side-effects of long-term oral amiodarone in the elderly. 336 37

The following parameters were studied in 27 newly diagnosed and not treated patients with primary hypothyroidism: TTH, creatine kinase (CK) with MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with isoenzymes LDH1 and LDH5, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) before and after 20-day substitutive therapy. It has been established that the enzymes were increased in about 60% of the untreated patients, and the typical enzyme constellation for hypothyroidism consisted of CK with MB isoenzymes, ASAT and LDH1. The myocardial isoenzymes were normalized within the period of substitutive therapy. The enzymes were established to be elevated only in the patients that had increased CK. The follow up of the above enzyme constellation before and during the initial phases of the treatment of hypothyroidism could provide considerable possibilities of differential diagnosis with ischemic heart disease, often manifested during that period. The determination of CK in advance would be a screening determining the necessity of studies on the enzyme constellation.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes in hypothyroidism]. 360 1

Eleven adult Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) were studied. Two items of history related to the digestive tract were characteristic: (i) chronic intractable diarrhea in most dogs, and (ii) progressive emaciation. Anorexia was intermittent in only a few dogs. In addition, skin lesions of various degrees of severity were observed, including alopecia of pinnae and ventrum, hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of pinnae, and necrosis and ulcerations of margins of pinnae. The cause of the skin lesions was not determined; however, hypothyroidism did not appear to contribute to the skin changes. Standard hematologic and serum chemical values were not consistently abnormal. However, a poorly regenerative anemia, mild neutrophilia, and increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were generally observed in severely affected dogs. The Pelger-Huet anomaly was identified in dog 3. Maldigestion and malabsorption as determined by the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and d-xylose test was documented to varying degrees in dogs with IPSID. Maldigestion was correlated with functional pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Severe malabsorption was documented in only 3 dogs. Serum gastrin values were evaluated in these dogs because of a prior observation of parietal cell hyperplasia and gastric ulceration. Hypergastrinemia was documented in 3 dogs. Additional studies will be necessary to determine whether an acid hypersecretory state contributes to the pathogenesis of IPSID in Basenjis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory characterization of Basenjis with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. 660 87

The liver has an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and the level of thyroid hormones is also important to normal hepatic function and bilirubin metabolism. Besides the associations between thyroid and liver diseases of an autoimmune nature, such as that between primary biliary cirrhosis and hypothyroidism, thyroid diseases are frequently associated with liver injuries or biochemical test abnormalities. For example, thyroid diseases may be associated with elevation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which is mainly of bone origin, in hyperthyroidism and aspartate aminotransferase in hypothyroidism. Liver diseases are also frequently associated with thyroid test abnormalities or dysfunctions, particularly elevation of thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroxine. Hepatitis C virus infection has been connected with thyroid abnormalities. In addition, antithyroid drug therapy may result in hepatitis, cholestasis or transient subclinical hepatotoxicity, whereas interferon (IFN) therapy in liver diseases may also induce thyroid dysfunctions. These thyroid-liver associations may cause diagnostic confusions. Neglect of these facts may result in over of under diagnosis of associated liver or thyroid diseases and thereby cause errors in patient care. It is suggested to measure free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which are usually normal in euthyroid patients with liver disease, to rule out or rule in coexistent thyroid dysfunctions, and consider the possibility of thyroid dysfunctions in any patients with unexplained liver biochemical test abnormalities. It is also advisable to monitor patients with autoimmune liver disease or those receiving IFN therapy for the development of thyroid dysfunctions, and patients receiving antithyroid therapy for the development of hepatic injuries.
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PMID:Clinical associations between thyroid and liver diseases. 754 16

Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 50 dogs and excluded in 86 dogs suspected of hypothyroidism, on the basis of the results of bovine thyrotropin response tests. Breed, pedigree, sex or neutering status did not significantly influence the likelihood of the dogs being hypothyroid. The hypothyroid dogs were significantly older than the non-hypothyroid dogs referred to the University of Glasgow during the same period. However, when dogs under two years of age were excluded from the statistical analyses there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The most common clinical characteristics associated with hypothyroidism were metabolic signs (84 per cent of cases), particularly lethargy (76 per cent), obesity or weight gain (44 per cent), and exercise intolerance (24 per cent); and dermatological abnormalities (80 per cent), including alopecia (56 per cent), poor coat quality (30 per cent) and hyperpigmentation (20 per cent). When compared with the laboratory reference limits the most common biochemical and haematological abnormalities were increased concentrations of triglycerides (88 per cent), cholesterol (78 per cent), glucose (49 per cent), and fructosamine (43 per cent), and increased activities of creatine kinase (35 per cent), and decreased concentrations of inorganic phosphate (63 per cent), and a low red blood cell count (40 per cent). When compared with reference limits derived from the euthyroid dogs the most common abnormalities were increased concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (21 per cent), cholesterol (18 per cent), and aspartate aminotransferase (15 per cent) and a decreased red blood cell count (29 per cent), and decreased neutrophils (18 per cent) and decreased activity of creatine kinase (15 per cent). Assessment of cholesterol, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and red blood cell and neutrophil counts may be particularly useful in distinguishing hypothyroid dogs from euthyroid animals with similar clinical signs.
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PMID:Epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism. 1059 70

In order to study the relationships between serum enzymes and the degree of hypothyroidism, 114 patients with primary hypothyroidism aged from 7 to 65 years were investigated. Forty one percent of patients exhibited normal levels of serum enzymes, while 59% had high levels either alone or in combination. The frequency of enzyme elevation was as follows: creatine kinase: 37%, aspartate aminotransferase: 35%, alanine aminotransferase: 29%, amylase: 15%, alkaline phosphatase: 3%. No significant correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone and serum enzyme levels was observed. This was due to highly variable release of enzymes from cells resulting presumably from individual metabolic set-point. Replacement therapy with thyroxine resulted in remarkable lowering of creatine kinase not only from high level to normal as early as 3 weeks even before normalization of thyroid stimulating hormone, but also from high normal to low normal level. The elevation of amylase and its response to thyroxine is being reported for the first time.
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PMID:Alteration of serum enzymes in primary hypothyroidism. 1221 57

We have investigated the effect of thyroid hormone on the mitochondrial membrane permeability properties in a hypothyroid rat model. The role played by calcium in affecting these properties has been also examined. Cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial calcium efflux, swelling, and external release of matrix proteins are events that occur normally during the permeability transition process induced by calcium loading of mitochondria. We demonstrate that these events are impaired in mitochondria isolated from the liver of hypothyroid rats, even in the presence of high calcium content. However, after thyroid hormone administration to hypothyroid rats, the mitochondrial permeability transition process in response to calcium loading is restored. Consequently, mitochondrial calcium efflux, swelling, and release of matrix proteins, like glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase occur. These effects are abrogated by the concomitant administration of cyclosporin A. The results of the present study suggest that hypothyroidism may be a potential source of adverse effects in patients receiving cyclosporin A.
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PMID:Thyroid hormone administration to hypothyroid rats restores the mitochondrial membrane permeability properties. 1293 49

We experienced 4 cases of agranulocytosis due to anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin [RFP], isoniazid [INH], ethambutol [EB], streptomycin [SM] or pyrazinamide [PZA]) among some 6,400 tuberculosis patients who underwent chemotherapy over the past 20 years from 1981 to 2002 in our hospital, and the incidence rate of agranulocytosis was estimated at 0.06%. The 4 cases of agranulocytosis were as follows. CASE 1: A 51-year-old woman with right chest pain and fever was admitted to our hospital on Jan 4, 2001. The white blood cell (WBC) count was 5,200/microliter. The tubercle bacilli were cultured in her sputum. The treatment with INH 0.3, RFP 0.45, EB 0.75, PZA 1.2 g/day, allopurinol and teprenone was started on Jan 13. Pyrazinamide and allopurinol were stopped because of hyper-uric acidemia on Feb 7. Agranulocytosis and eosinophilia (WBC 1,300 [Neut 1%, Ly 57%, Eos 35%]) developed on Feb 13. All drugs were withdrawn and G-CSF drug nartograstim 100 micrograms was injected subcutaneously for 3 days. The WBC recovered to normal level and she was thereafter treated with INH, EB and Levofloxacin (LVFX) without any further trouble. Agranulocytosis in this case was supposed to be due to RFP. CASE 2: A 66-year-old man who had had nephrotic syndrome and hypothyroidism and has been treated with prednisolone 10 mg/day was admitted to our hospital on Aug 9, 2000 because of miliary tuberculosis. The tubercle bacilli were cultured in his sputum and the treatment with INH 0.3, RFP 0.45, and EB 0.75 g/day were started on Aug 10, but it was withdrawn on Aug 17 because of general skin eruption. After re-starting treatment with EB and INH on Aug 24, RFP was added in small dosage (0.05 g) on Oct 12, but agranulomatosis (WBC 2,300/microliter [Neut 2%]) developed on Nov 21, and all drugs were withdrawn again. The G-CSF drug filgrastim was used once subcutaneously, and WBC recovered immediately. He was thereafter treated with INH, EB, LVFX successfully. Agranulocytosis was supposed to be due to RFP. CASE 3: A 60-year-old woman without symptoms had abnormal chest roentgenograph, and consulted with our hospital on Aug 26, 2002. The broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was smear and culture-negative, but PCR-TB positive, and the case was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment with INH 0.3, RFP 0.45, EB 0.75, PZA 1.2 g/day, alloprinol 300 mg and rebamipide 300 mg/day was started on Sept. 5, 2002. Late in September, she complained of appetite loss. The laboratory data on Oct 3 revealed WBC 900/microliter (Neut 1%, Ly 94%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 199 IU/l, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 253 IU/l, showing agranulocytosis and drug-induced hepatitis. The chemotherapy was immediately withdrawn and she was admitted to our hospital on the next day. Glycyrrhizin derivative (SNMC) 40 ml was injected for 5 days, and WBC recovered, and AST and ALT also became normal. CASE 4: A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on March 11, 1981 because pulmonary tuberculosis had recurred. He had been treated with SM, PAS and INH in 1973 for pulmonary tuberculosis. On admission examination of blood count and blood chemistry were normal. Treatment with RFP, INH and SM was started on March 11. He stopped out from the hospital on April 17, but in a few days he returned back with sore throat, lower lip swelling and gingival bleeding. Blood cell count on April 24 showed pancytopenia with RBC 226, Hb 7.5, WBC 800 (Ly 96%, Eos 4%) and Plt 10,000/microliter. The bone-marrow showed NCC (nuceated cell count) of 5,500, and megakaryocyte 0. Thereafter ground glass appearance shadows were seen on the whole lung field, and he died May 26. Autopsy showed generalized aspergillosis. It was strongly suspected that either of RFP, INH or SM was responsible for his pancytopenia. We collected another 10 cases of agranulocytosis due to anti-tuberculosis drugs in the world wide literature, and found men/women ratio 5/8 (in one case gender was not known), the duration of chemotherapy before appearance of agranulocytosis 1-3 months, no change in the lymphocyte count of the peripheral blood, and the accompanying of another allergic signs such as skin eruption, blood eosinophilia or drug-induced hepatitis in some cases, and these findings suggest that the mechanism of agranulocytosis due to anti-tuberculosis drugs was allergic in nature.
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PMID:[Agranulocytosis due to anti-tuberculosis drugs including isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP)--a report of four cases and review of the literature]. 1467 45


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