Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

Amiodarone is a powerful anti-arrhythmic drug. However, its use is somewhat limited by side-effects. No study examining side-effects specifically in elderly patients exists. We have reviewed noncardiac side-effects in 61 elderly patients on long-term oral amiodarone treatment (follow-up 3-66 months). The most troublesome side-effect was hypothyroidism (nine patients, 15%). No cases of frank hyperthyroidism were seen. Elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) was common (16 patients, 26%), but generally mild and transient. Photosensitivity occurred in six patients (10%). Corneal deposits were common but gave rise to symptoms in only one patient. Two patients reported tremor. Hypothyroidism appeared to be more common and photosensitivity less common than in previously reported series in younger adults. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is our policy to continue to prescribe amiodarone to elderly patients, regulate monitoring for adverse effects is however mandatory.
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PMID:Noncardiac side-effects of long-term oral amiodarone in the elderly. 336 37

Studies on the influence of long-lasting hyperthyroidism on enzyme activities and total protein level in the blood plasma of adult Leghorn hens showed that: 1. Protein level during whole experimental period showed inconsiderable variability irrespective of T4 dose. 2. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) increased. Changes were dependent on T4 dosage level. 3. T4 had no effect on activity of aldolase.
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PMID:The effect of repeated administration of L-thyroxine on the activity of certain enzymes in the blood plasma of hens. 668 47

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 131 cats during a 3 1/2-year period. The cats ranged in age from 6 to 20 years; there was no breed or sex predilection. The most frequent clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, increased activity, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high values for alkaline phosphatase activity (75%), lactate dehydrogenase activity (66%), aspartate transaminase activity (66%), and alanine transaminase activity (54%). Electrocardiographic changes included tachycardia (greater than or equal to 240 beats/min) and increased R-wave amplitude in lead II (greater than or equal to 0.9 mV) in 66% and 29% of the 131 cats, respectively. Thoracic radiography in 82 cats revealed cardiomegaly in 40 (49%) of these cats; 16 cats with congestive heart failure also had pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. In 5 cats with markedly increased fecal volume, mean 48-hour fecal fat content was significantly greater than normal, with daily fat excretion 2 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. Base-line serum thyroxine concentrations were increased above normal range in all cats, whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in 127 (97%) of the 131 cats. In 11 cats tested, mean thyroxine concentration did not increase significantly after thyroid-stimulating hormone administration. Mean 24-hour percentage of thyroid radioiodine uptake in 32 hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (39.1%) than normal (9.2%). Thyroid scans, performed on 126 cats, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 36 (29%) and both lobes in 90 (71%) of the cats.
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PMID:Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. 687 10

The liver has an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and the level of thyroid hormones is also important to normal hepatic function and bilirubin metabolism. Besides the associations between thyroid and liver diseases of an autoimmune nature, such as that between primary biliary cirrhosis and hypothyroidism, thyroid diseases are frequently associated with liver injuries or biochemical test abnormalities. For example, thyroid diseases may be associated with elevation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which is mainly of bone origin, in hyperthyroidism and aspartate aminotransferase in hypothyroidism. Liver diseases are also frequently associated with thyroid test abnormalities or dysfunctions, particularly elevation of thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroxine. Hepatitis C virus infection has been connected with thyroid abnormalities. In addition, antithyroid drug therapy may result in hepatitis, cholestasis or transient subclinical hepatotoxicity, whereas interferon (IFN) therapy in liver diseases may also induce thyroid dysfunctions. These thyroid-liver associations may cause diagnostic confusions. Neglect of these facts may result in over of under diagnosis of associated liver or thyroid diseases and thereby cause errors in patient care. It is suggested to measure free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which are usually normal in euthyroid patients with liver disease, to rule out or rule in coexistent thyroid dysfunctions, and consider the possibility of thyroid dysfunctions in any patients with unexplained liver biochemical test abnormalities. It is also advisable to monitor patients with autoimmune liver disease or those receiving IFN therapy for the development of thyroid dysfunctions, and patients receiving antithyroid therapy for the development of hepatic injuries.
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PMID:Clinical associations between thyroid and liver diseases. 754 16

Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment of pregnant rats for 6 days, 10 micrograms/100 g, resulted in a pronounced induction of enzymes related to gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and of mitochondrial FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the maternal liver, as previously observed in male rats. There was virtually no change in the activity of these enzymes in the placenta. However, there was a distinct induction of these enzymes in the fetal liver, even if increments in fetal serum and liver T3 were much smaller than on the maternal side. This indicates that changes in hepatic enzyme activities are a more sensitive index of fetal hyperthyroidism than T3 levels. The increased lipogenic capacity was expressed by greater incorporation of a tritium tracer into fatty acids. Administration of triamcinolone, 2 mg/100 g, for the last 5 days of gestation resulted in marked induction of maternal hepatic enzymes of lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), known to occur in male rats, as well as in a metabolic pattern of insulin resistance. The response of placental enzymes was limited to a small elevation in ASAT and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity. In the fetal liver there was no stimulation of lipogenic enzymes, but a marked induction of PEPCK and ASAT. The changes in the lipogenic capacity were confirmed by tritium incorporation into serum and liver fatty acids. These results demonstrate the marked sensitivity of specific fetal enzyme systems to the maternal iatrogenic hyperthyroidism or hypercorticism. The limited alterations in placental enzyme activities are in accord with the concept that placental metabolic stability fulfils a protective function toward the fetus.
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PMID:Modulation of fetal and placental metabolic pathways in response to maternal thyroid and glucocorticoid hormone excess. 813 95

Changes in liver biochemical test results have been described in hyperthyroid patients before and after antithyroid therapy. In the present study, we analyzed liver tests at diagnosis and after 6 weeks of treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) in 43 patients with hyperthyroidism. At diagnosis, 60.5% of the patients had at least one liver abnormality. Elevations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were observed in 19 (44.2%), 10 (23.3%), six (14%), and six (14%) of the patients, respectively. At the end of the 6-week treatment with PTU, elevations in liver test values, possibly induced by PTU, were found in seven (16.3%) patients. Age, sex, type of goiter (either diffuse or multinodular), and presence or absence of abnormal liver biochemical tests at diagnosis were not significant in determining the possibility of PTU-induced elevations in liver tests. These data suggest that liver test abnormalities are frequently found at the time of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. However, the presence or absence of these abnormalities does not predict elevations in liver test results, which are possibly induced by PTU during therapy.
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PMID:Liver tests in hyperthyroidism: effect of antithyroid therapy. 917 40

Immunosuppression is a therapeutic maneuver directed at preventing transplant rejection. When applied to autoimmunity, immunosuppression is intended to target similar immune processes. We report an unusual case of a 35-year-old woman who developed autoimmune hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease while on immunosuppressive therapy for liver transplantation. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism were already present when, misled by the concomitant toxic hepatic syndrome, liver rejection was first suspected. Despite a therapeutic level of cyclosporine, elevated serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels were noted. Consequently, a liver biopsy was performed to exclude an acute rejection. The findings were consistent with acute hepatitis without evidence of rejection. Then, the diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism was considered and finally confirmed by finding a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone, elevated thyroid hormone levels, and a high and homogeneous thyroid uptake from radioactive iodine scan. Thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin were markedly elevated. The patient was treated with radioactive iodine, which resulted in improvement of symptoms and resolution of abnormal liver function tests. Although the mechanisms involved in transplant rejection and human autoimmunity are thought to be similar, the development of Graves' disease in this patient despite therapeutic immunosuppression suggests that the immunological processes may be different.
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PMID:Development of overt autoimmune hyperthyroidism in a patient therapeutically immunosuppressed after liver transplantation. 1104 62

This study was designed to investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism and/or iron supplementation or cardiac oxidative stress parameters--the lipid peroxidation end product glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (CSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD)--in rats. In plasma, ferritin as an indicator of iron status and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) as an indicator of damage to the heart tissue were analyzed. Our findings show that hyperthyroidism increased lipooxidative damage as reflected by higher lipid peroxidation end product levels and elevated antioxidant defense parameters-GSH and GSH-Px. Iron supplementation per se does not affect oxidative stress parameters studied in the euthyroid state. Although iron increased lipid peroxidation in the hyperthyroid state, this effect was less than that seen in euthyroidism. Iron supplementation to hyperthyroid rats significantly lowered plasma ferritin levels, suggesting increased iron elimination with consequently reduced oxidative stress.
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PMID:Oxidative stress in heart tissue of hyperthyroid and iron supplemented rats. 1173

Patients with hyperthyroidism sometimes take much time to receive the final diagnosis. To improve patient QOL, simple screening for hyperthyroidism by thyroid non-specialists at the physical check-up is highly expected. Therefore, we applied both Bayesian-type and SOM-type neural networks since we assured the approach useful in analysing thyroid function diagnosis in the previous work. Routine test (14 parameters) data from 66 subjects with a known diagnosis (18 patients with hyperthyroidism and 48 healthy volunteers) were adopted as learning data, and then 142 individuals who also received the same routine tests at the Tohoku University Hospital were screened to predict patients with hyperthyroidism. Both neural networks using 14 parameters predicted several patients as having hyperthyroidism with high probability, including all three hyperthyroid patients diagnosed later by the physician. Further detailed analysis of the routine test parameters that were important for classification found that screening with a set of three parameters (alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine and total cholesterol) or plus aspartate aminotransferase allowed for quite accurate screening. These results showed that the same neural networks as previous work allows simple screening of patients for hyperthyroidism on the basis of routine test data, and that physicians not specializing in the thyroid can rapidly identify individuals suspected of having hyperthyroidism, to permit a rapid referral for examination and treatment by thyroid specialists.
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PMID:Assisting the diagnosis of thyroid diseases with Bayesian-type and SOM-type neural networks making use of routine test data. 1688 Jun 62


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