Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The severity of Platynosomum concinnum infection in cats experimentally infected with 125 flukes (small dose) and 1,000 flukes (large dose) was determined by monitoring clinical signs and hematologic, serum biochemical, and pathologic changes during the infection. All cats (8/8) with a small fluke burden and 3 of 8 cats with a large burden remained clinically asymptomatic, whereas 60% of the cats given large doses had mild signs of inappetence and lethargy. Eosinophilia, peaking 4 to 5 months after infection, was present in all parasitized cats. During the early stages of platynosomiasis, a transient but substantial increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities was observed in cats given small and large doses. These observations agreed with gross and histopathologic observations, which included enlargement of the gallbladder and biliary ducts, with leukocyte infiltration, adenomatous hyperplasia, and fibrosis of the ductal areas.
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PMID:Experimental infection of cats with the liver fluke Platynosomum concinnum,. 40 94

Ceforanide, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life (3 h), can be administered twice daily. We evaluated its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Twenty-seven patients with infections due to susceptible organisms received ceforanide, 0.5, 1, or 2 g, intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 h for 6 to 28 days. In vitro studies with the clinical isolates from 27 patients treated plus 263 additional isolates showed that ceforanide was active against cephalothin-susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. In addition, ceforanide inhibited 65% of cephalothin-resistant Escherichia coli and 65% of Enterobacter spp. at </=12.5 mug/ml. After a single 1-g intramuscular dose, the mean peak plasma concentration at 1 h was 48.9 mug/ml and that at 12 h was 4.7 mug/ml. Plasma accumulation occurred in some patients. The infections included 10 pneumonias, 3 with bacteremia and 1 with empyema; 11 soft tissue infections, 4 with abscesses and 3 with sepsis; and 3 urinary tract infections. One case each of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and septic thrombophlebitis, all due to Staphylococcus aureus, were treated. Clinical response was satisfactory in all patients; bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26 of 27 patients. Ceforanide was well tolerated. Three patients developed mild increases in liver enzymes, and one developed slight eosinophilia. In another case, the antibiotic was discontinued because of a fivefold rise in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) and a twofold rise in lactic acid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Ceforanide: in vitro and clinical evaluation. 50 95

Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. Clinicopathological features of these infections were determined by analyses of blood samples collected each week from inoculated deer and sheep as well as from two noninoculated animals of each species. One animal in each inoculated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. Compared with the values obtained from noninoculated controls, eosinophilia, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia occured in inoculated deer. There were no other significant changes in hematological values or in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. Marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia, with hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and mild macrocytic normochromic anemia characterized the infection in lambs. Although approximately 29% of the inoculum was recovered from the hepatic parenchyma of the sheep, F. hepatica was found in only one of six inoculated deer. A patent infection was established in this deer and constitutes the second report of mature F. hepatica in this host.
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PMID:Experimentally induced Faciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. I. Clinicopathological and parasitological features. 112 33

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

The hematologic and clinico-pathologic response to Fascioloides magna infection in cattle and guinea pigs was investigated. Twelve calves (six infected and six controls) were monitored for 26 weeks after inoculation with 1000 metacercariae. All calves remained healthy and there were no significant differences in weight gains between infected and control groups. Flukes (mean = 9.2, range 1-32) were recovered from the liver and abdominal cavity of all infected calves. The only significant response observed in the complete blood counts was an eosinophilia present in the infected calves extending from Weeks 2 to 26 post-infection. There were no significant differences in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and only minor increases in the levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. A total of 48 infected and 48 control guinea pigs from three separate experiments were monitored for 16 weeks after inoculation with 20 metacercariae of Fascioloides magna. Infected guinea pigs died between 7 and 114 days after infection, and flukes (mean = 2.5, range 0-13) were recovered from the liver, abdominal cavity, lungs, thoracic cavity, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue. There were no differences in weight gains between infected and control guinea pigs. Complete blood counts showed increases in white blood cells, monocyte and neutrophil counts from between the third and fourteenth weeks post-infection; however, the differences were not consistently significant. Infected guinea pigs developed a significant eosinophilia and basophilia from 2 to 16 weeks post-infection. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase or gamma-glutamyl transferase. There was an increase in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase beginning at 5 weeks post-infection. The response observed in the guinea pigs was similar to that reported in sheep, suggesting the suitability of the guinea pig as a model for Fascioloides magna infection in the sheep.
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PMID:Hematology and clinical pathology of experimental Fascioloides magna infection in cattle and guinea pigs. 178 31

Imipenem-cilastatin was evaluated for tolerability and efficacy in a multicenter open, noncomparative trial involving 178 infants and children with bacterial infections. Imipenemcilastatin was administered in total daily dosages of 100 mg/kg for patients up to 3 years of age and 60 mg/kg for those more than 3 years of age. Favorable clinical response was achieved in 98 of 100 patients judged evaluable for efficacy. Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). Changes in laboratory test values reported most frequently were thrombocytosis (8.9%), elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (7.9%) and alanine aminotransferase (5.6%) and eosinophilia (8.4%). This safety profile appears to be comparable to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover imipenem-cilastatin was effective in infections caused by a broad spectrum of pathogens that include Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and anaerobes. These attributes suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be safe and effective in selected pediatric patients.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin in pediatric patients: an overview of safety and efficacy in studies conducted in the United States. 268 88

Polyarthritis was induced in lambs via the i/v infection with 2 cm3 of 24-hour Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae broth culture, which led to distinctive morphologic and biochemical changes in the peripheral blood. The hemoglobin content, the erythrocyte count, and the hematocrit value dropped, while ESR rose with the development of the infection process. The white blood picture presented transient and slight drop of the leukocyte count followed by leukocytosis with shifting to the left, aneosinophilia, lympho- and monopenia in the acute stage, and well manifested eosinophilia in the chronic stage of the infection. The changes in the total protein and the protein fractions consisted in hypoproteinemia in the first days following infection, hypoalbuminemia during the entire period, and hyperproteinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia in the chronic stage. The changes in the blood electrolites consisted in the rise of Ca and K, the drop of Na, and transient changes in the level of P, tending toward a rise in the chronic stage. It was also established that the values of sialic acid were raised in the entire period of polyarthritis development, while those of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in the first seven-day period only.
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PMID:[Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of lambs with experimental Erysipelothrix polyarthritis]. 403 95

Haematology and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were studied during the migration phase of Stephanurus dentatus in the livers of experimentally infected pigs. There was no evidence of anaemia but total leucocyte counts were raised and peripheral eosinophilia began 2 to 3 weeks after infection. Peak eosinophilia occurred 6 to 7 weeks after infection and levels were still elevated at 20 weeks. Lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers remained constant. Reinfection did not stimulate a secondary eosinophil response. Only aspartate aminotransferase was temporarily elevated. The gross pathology resulting from the infections is described. Several clinicopathological differences in the response of pigs to invasion of the liver by S. dentatus were noted compared to those produced by Ascaris suum but none are pathognomonic.
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PMID:Clinical pathology of experimental stephanuriasis in pigs. 622 77

Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were challenged with Cd (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg/kg, iv) 24 hr after pretreatment with saline (2 ml/kg, sc) or Cd (2.0 mg/kg, sc). Ten hours following challenge, plasma enzyme activities were dramatically elevated in control rats (sorbitol dehydrogenase 30- to 300-fold and aspartate aminotransferase 3- to 40-fold). In addition, histologic examination revealed moderate to severe hepatic injury, evidenced by cell swelling, cytoplasmic eosinophilia, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and necrosis. In Cd-pretreated rats, plasma enzyme levels were similar to control values and only slight morphologic changes were evident. This tolerance to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity is probably due to the increase in hepatic metallothionein induced by Cd pretreatment, which has been shown to alter the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd such that less binds to subcellular organelles and more binds to metallothionein located in the cytosol.
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PMID:Tolerance to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity following cadmium pretreatment. 674 Jun 80

The toxicity of atorvastatin (AT), an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG), was evaluated in beagle dogs. In 4 studies [2-wk rising dose (daily increasing doses for 1 wk; maintenance for 1 wk), 12-wk rising dose (daily dosing with weekly increases in dose), 2-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 2 wk; 3 dose levels), 13-wk toxicity (daily dosing for 13 wk; 3 dose levels)], dogs received up to 400 mg/kg orally. Doses of 180 mg/kg induced moribundity, necessitating euthanasia. Weight losses up to 26% were seen at doses > or = 150 mg/kg. Decreases in cholesterol levels were dose-related. Alanine and/or aspartate aminotransferase were increased at doses > or = 80 mg/kg; alkaline phosphatase was increased at doses > or = 150 mg/kg. Histopathologic findings were seen at > or = 150 mg/kg and included hepatocellular eosinophilia related to increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cholangiohepatitis and cholecystitis at 150 mg/kg in the 2-wk toxicity study; hepatocellular degeneration, centrilobular bridging, cholecystitis, hemorrhage in gallbladder and brain, demyelination of optic nerve, and skeletal muscle necrosis at > or = 280 mg/kg in the 12-wk rising dose study; and erosion and hemorrhage in large intestine, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, and inflammation and necrosis of gallbladder epithelium at 320 mg/kg in the 2-wk rising dose study. Doses up to 80 mg/kg for 13 wk did not induce histopathologic lesions in examined organs. AT effectively lowered serum cholesterol in normal lipidemic dogs. Toxicity at AT in dogs was similar to that with other inhibitors of HMG except that lenticular changes were not seen, significant hepatic, testicular, or neurological toxicity was associated only with high doses at AT, and skeletal muscle changes similar to those described in rats and rabbits were identified.
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PMID:Subchronic toxicity of atorvastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in beagle dogs. 886 88


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