Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response and survival of 26 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer, who received OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy from 1984 to 1990, were evaluated. OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy was comprised sequential treatment via the hepatic artery with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 (1-5 KE), and adoptive transfer of lymphocytes expanded in T-cell growth factor and sonicated tumor extract antigen. Seventeen (65%) patients responded to the therapy. The median survival time of all patients after treatment was 13 months (range, 2-63 months). Of the 20 prognostic factors analyzed, performance status (PS) alone was related to response (P less than 0.01). The response rate of the patients with a PS of 0-2 was 83% but only 25% in those with a PS of 3 or 4. In univariate analysis, 11 factors significantly influenced the survival: tumor response; size of primary tumor; menopausal status; PS; serum bilirubin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate-oxalate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase); the extent of liver involvement; and the number and the proliferation rate of transferred lymphocytes. The MST was 22.8 months for the responders versus 2.8 months for the nonresponders (P less than 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the most important factor associated with survival was the tumor response, as well as PS, liver involvement, lactate dehydrogenase and albumin. These results suggest that OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy can be considered a candidate for a randomised control study and these factors should be used for stratification.
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PMID:Factors influencing the response and survival of patients with liver metastases from breast cancer receiving OK-432-combined adoptive immunotherapy. 173 36

Fifty-two consecutive patients with breast cancer and liver metastases have been treated with epirubicin. All had a serum aspartate aminotransferase more than twice the upper limit of normal or a raised bilirubin. Initial treatment was with 6 cycles of weekly epirubicin 25 mg/m2. In patients whose liver biochemistry improved sufficiently, treatment was then changed to a 3-weekly schedule and an attempt was made to increase dose-time intensity during a further 6 cycles of epirubicin. The UICC response rate was 15/52 (29%, with 95% confidence intervals 18-42%) and median response duration was 34 weeks. All 23 patients who were eligible for rescheduling received epirubicin 3-weekly, but escalation of dose intensity was possible in only 5 patients. The activity and tolerability of weekly epirubicin has been confirmed in patients with liver metastases from breast cancer. However, late dose escalation was impracticable in the majority of patients and did not appear to improve outcome.
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PMID:Epirubicin in breast cancer patients with liver metastases and abnormal liver biochemistry: initial weekly treatment followed by rescheduling and intensification. 174 22

The clinical records of 312 consecutive patients with liver metastases from breast cancer were reviewed. The primary tumours were commonly poorly differentiated, although the majority were steroid receptor positive. At diagnosis of liver metastases, 60% of patients had hepatomegaly, 13% were jaundiced and 7% had ascites. A raised serum aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most common biochemical abnormality (84%), with 54% of patients having an AST of more than twice the upper limit of normal. The median survival from the time of diagnosis of liver metastases was 3.8 months. No feature existing prior to the development of liver metastases influenced subsequent survival. The presence of jaundice (P less than 0.001), ascites (P = 0.01) or hepatomegaly (P = 0.01) were all associated with a particularly poor prognosis. While any degree of elevation of bilirubin (P less than 0.001) or alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.003) was unfavourable, a raised AST alone was not predictive of shorter survival. AST only influenced survival significantly when above twice the upper limit of normal (P less than 0.001), with prognosis then progressively worsening the more elevated the level. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model suggested that the degree of elevation of AST was the single most important prognostic factor for survival after the diagnosis of liver metastases.
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PMID:Liver metastases from breast cancer: the relationship between clinical, biochemical and pathological features and survival. 214 44

The value of scalp cooling in the prevention of alopecia was investigated in 32 patients with advanced breast cancer who were given a mean of four courses of 40-80 mg/m2 of epirubicin. None of the 15 patients free from liver metastases who received scalp cooling required a wig, whereas four of eight similar patients who did not receive scalp cooling did require a wig. Abnormalities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase pretreatment were predictive for reduced efficacy of scalp cooling, but not a contraindication to its use.
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PMID:Effectiveness of scalp cooling in reducing alopecia caused by epirubicin treatment of advanced breast cancer. 347 18

The occurrence of liver metastases was evaluated by ultrasonic scanning and correlated with prognostic factors, pattern of metastases, clinical examination, biochemical liver function tests from serum, and liver biopsy specimens in 394 consecutive evaluable patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. Fifty-nine patients (15%) had a positive scan, and liver metastases were the only sign of recurrent disease in 11 of these patients. The presence of liver metastases was not associated with age, menopausal status, size of the primary tumor, regional lymph node status, or the length of the recurrence-free interval; but patients with liver metastases were significantly closer to the menopause than those without (P = 0.02). The diagnostic value of clinical examinations was comparable to that of serum bilirubin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) analyses, but was significantly better than alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Analysis of serum AP was not a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of liver metastases, since it was elevated in 58% of the patients with bone metastases, and since metastases in this site were found in one third of the patients without liver metastases. If all four tests were negative, liver metastases were excluded in 99% of the patients, and if more than two of the four tests were positive, liver metastases were found in 95%. Valid (greater than 80%) diagnosis of liver metastases by serum LDH or serum ASAT alone, required an elevation of three or five times the upper normal limits, respectively. Thirty-nine patients with positive ultrasonography results underwent biopsy. The ultrasonographic diagnosis could not be confirmed histologically in three patients (8%). If ultrasonic scanning had not been performed routinely, only one of 213 patients (0.5%) with soft tissue metastases would have been offered local therapy rather than systemic treatment. These data suggest that ultrasonic scanning of the liver should not be a routine diagnostic tool in examination of patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. However, whenever indicated by clinical signs or elevated blood tests, scanning should be performed to confirm the presence of liver metastases, particularly in patients entering therapeutical trials, since liver metastases demonstrated by ultrasound examinations may serve as a measurable parameter.
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PMID:Incidence and methodologic aspects of the occurrence of liver metastases in recurrent breast cancer. 354 42

Tumour markers correlate strongly with prognosis based on tumour burden and surgical resectability. If chemotherapy is extremely effective in certain stage of the disease, the sensitive marker may be of great use in monitoring disease response and drug treatment. Hence, this study was launched to evaluate the changes in tumour marker enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase in before and after 3 and 6 months tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients. In addition, the changes in serum glycoproteins viz., hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid and lysosomal enzymes such as N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and beta-D-glucuronidase were analysed in these patients. These values were compared with their age matched healthy control subjects. At 6 months evaluation, the tamoxifen treated postmenopausal breast cancer women showed a statistically significant decreased (p < 0.001, 0.05 respectively) levels of LDH, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline and acid phosphatases than their baseline values. Similarly, the levels of hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and beta-D-glucuronidase were decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in tamoxifen received postmenopausal women. The result of this study suggested that tamoxifen potentially retard the metastasis of breast cancer as well as the bone demineralisation in postmenopausal breast cancer women. Thus, tamoxifen may also have its antitumour activity through its beneficial effects on tumour marker enzymes and serum proteins in breast cancer women.
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PMID:The salubrious effect of tamoxifen [correction of Tamaxifen] on serum marker enzymes, glycoproteins, and lysosomal enzymes level in breast cancer woman. 974 15

Tamoxifen (TAM) is used in the treatment of breast cancer and decreases the incidence of breast cancer when given to healthy women for different therapeutic purposes. This expansion of its use calls for further studies of its own potential side effects and those in combination with other prescription drugs. Diazepam (DP) is one such drug normally administered to patients who are under cancer treatment and those who suffer from insomnia. The present study examines the effect of individual and simultaneous administration of TAM and DP at therapeutic dose level of 0.8 mg/Kg/day of TAM and 0.3 mg/Kg/day of DP to normal female Wistar rats for a period of 12 weeks. The drugs were administered orally by mixing it in pellet made by wheat dough. There was no significant change in the terminal body weight and liver weights of animals. The ovary weights in TAM + DP treated animals were significantly decreased. The serum succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) levels were significantly lower in TAM, DP and TAM + DP treated rats and comparatively were lowest in TAM and TAM + DP treated animal groups. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP & ALP) levels were significantly higher in the three treated groups, but comparatively lower in TAM + DP treated animals when compared to TAM or DP alone treated rats. There was marked increase in liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the three treated groups but remarkable decrease in liver glycogen. Total serum cholesterol levels were significantly high in DP and TAM + DP treated rats and total serum triglyceride levels were significantly high only in TAM treated rats. As a whole it can be concluded that DP does not enhance TAM toxicity on simultaneous administration, but on its own when administered individually brings about perturbation in lipid storage and metabolism.
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PMID:A toxicity study of simultaneous administration of Tamoxifen and Diazepam to female Wistar rats. 1066 14

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of paclitaxel/gemcitabine administered every 2 weeks in the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Forty-three chemonaive patients with histologically confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma were enrolled. Patients received paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 followed by gemcitabine 2,500 mg/m2, both on day I of a 14-day cycle, for a maximum of eight cycles. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for toxicity; 38 were evaluable for efficacy. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years, the median performance status was 90, and the median number of lesions was three. Most patients (71%) had received prior adjuvant therapy. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity was limited to leukocytes (14% and 18%, respectively). Grade 3 toxicities (5% each) were thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, elevation of aspartate transaminase, neurosensory, and constipation. One patient had neutropenia and fever. The objective response rate was 68% (21% complete response and 47% partial response); 18% had stable disease and 13% had partial disease. The preliminary evaluation of paclitaxel/gemcitabine given as a 2-week schedule to patients with untreated advanced breast carcinoma shows encouraging activity and a favorable toxicity profile.
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PMID:Paclitaxel/gemcitabine administered every two weeks in advanced breast cancer: preliminary results of a phase II trial. 1069 32

Tamoxifen is widely used as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. To correctly interpret laboratory test results during tamoxifen treatment, clinicians should be aware of the possible effects of the drug on laboratory tests. This study investigated the effects on serum hormones, proteins, lipids and common biochemistry in seven postmenopausal women with breast cancer during 3 months after initiating the therapy. Statistically significant decreases occurred in serum gonadotropins, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total protein, prealbumin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, immunoglobin M and total cholesterol whilst significant increases occurred in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, parathyroid hormone, aspartate aminotransferase, urate, alpha-1-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin. The alterations could result from tamoxifen therapy, radiation or changes in lifestyle. All the changes, apart from serum urate, remained within the reference limits. In addition, only serum gonadotropins, SHBG, urate and cholesterol showed clinically significant changes. Alterations in the other laboratory tests are unlikely to disturb diagnoses based on laboratory test results during tamoxifen therapy.
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PMID:Early effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on serum hormones, proteins and lipids. 1081 Apr 43

Intrinsic estrogenicities of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) toremifene 60 mg daily or 200 mg daily and tamoxifen 20 mg daily (TOR60, TOR200 and TAM20) were compared in a randomized clinical study in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The study was open label in three parallel groups. Variables for analysis were serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), antithrombin III (AT III), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and vaginal cytology. Clinical efficacy and safety have been reported earlier. A total of 648 patients were randomized (221 to TOR60, 212 to TOR200 and 215 to TAM20). Sera were available for the analysis from 148, 165 and 156 and for vaginal cytology from 98, 93 and 86 patients, respectively. All treatment regimens showed tissue-specific and dose-dependent estrogen agonist effect. In the primary measure of in vivo estrogenicity, effect on hypothalamus-pituitary-axis, all three treatment regimens decreased serum FSH (p < 0.001). TOR200 was more potent than the two other treatments (p < 0.05), but surprisingly, TAM20 was more estrogenic than TOR60 (p < 0.001). As could be expected in postmenopausal women, the treatments had no effect on mean serum E2 concentrations and decrease of serum LH was similar to that of FSH. Estrogenic effect on the liver was seen as dose-dependent increase of SHBG with statistically significant differences between the treatment groups (p < 0.001). Trends of transient ASAT elevations in TOR200 group (p = 0.07) and in all treatment groups AT III decrease (p = 0.1) were seen in the beginning of the treatment. TOR60 or TAM20 did not have an effect on mean ASAT values, and AT III decreased in TAM20 group more than in the two other groups (p = 0.1 compared to TOR60 and p < 0.05 compared to TOR200). Estrogenic effects on vaginal superficial cells were higher in TOR60 and TOR200 groups when compared to TAM20 (p < 0.05). Toremifene and tamoxifen had tissue-specific and partially dose-dependent estrogenic effects in hypothalamus-pituitary-axis, in the liver and in the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women. In some tissues tamoxifen 20 may be more estrogenic than toremifene 60 mg/day.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003 Nov
PMID:Estrogenic effects of toremifene and tamoxifen in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. 1469 54


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