Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Physiological and pathological factors affecting intracellular red cell vitamin B6 metabolism in normal, anaemic and alcoholic man were studied using a new assay for pyridoxine kinase (PnK) together with saturated and total aspartate aminotransferase (EGOT) activities as indirect indices of intracellular pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) availability. In studies of anaemic states, subjects with iron deficiency anaemia demonstrated elevated levels of both PnK and saturated EGOT, while seven out of 17 subjects with inflammatory anaemia had subnormal PnK but variable saturated EGOT activities. Despite a high incidence of complicating inflammatory disease, alcoholic subjects with or without ring sideroblastic anaemia had elevated levels of both PnK and saturated EGOT. As judged from the saturated EGOT and the ratio unsaturated EGOT/saturated EGOT, intracellular PLP availability was always appropriate to the higher levels of PnK activity.
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PMID:Vitamin B6 metabolism in anaemic and alcoholic man. 42 39

This paper reports a study of changes in red blood cell enzymes and some serum parameters during and after treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition. The red cell GSH levels were low during the crisis, together with the levels of GSSG:NADPH reductase, GSH:H2O2 peroxidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. After treatment the levels of all these enzymes increased significantly to normal values. Of the serum parameters investigated, significant reduction in the activity of the enzymes cholinesterase, catecholamine oxidase, total proteins, albumin, urea and electrolytes were obvious, and returned to normal values after treatment. Ceruloplasmin activity remained low even after three weeks' treatment and could not be related to copper levels. The results are discussed in relation to anemia and liver damage that may accompany the syndrome.
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PMID:Protein-calorie malnutrition: a study of red blood cell and serum enzymes during and after crisis. 82 Apr 94

1. A study has been made of the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the development of copper toxicosis in three groups each of eight 12-week-old lambs. 2. None of the lambs receiving 420 mg Zn/kg diet developed Cu toxicosis in the 24-week experimental period, compared with three in the control group receiving 43 mg Zn/kg and possibly one in the group receiving 220 mg Zn/kg. 3. Liver Cu concentrations were reduced by up to 40% in the Zn-supplemented animals, with concomitant reductions, especially in the early stages of the experiment, in the extent of liver damage, as assessed by measurement of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activities. 4. Plasma and liver Zn concentrations were increased only slightly in the lambs receiving the Zn-supplemented diets, and the only indication of possible toxic effects of the Zn supplements was the development of a slight anaemia in those animals receiving 420 mg Zn/kg diet. 5. The results suggest that the incidence of Cu toxicosis in sheep may be controlled by increasing their dietary Zn intake.
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PMID:Protective effect of zinc supplementation against copper toxicosis in sheep. 100 77

Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. Clinicopathological features of these infections were determined by analyses of blood samples collected each week from inoculated deer and sheep as well as from two noninoculated animals of each species. One animal in each inoculated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. Compared with the values obtained from noninoculated controls, eosinophilia, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia occured in inoculated deer. There were no other significant changes in hematological values or in serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. Marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia, with hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and mild macrocytic normochromic anemia characterized the infection in lambs. Although approximately 29% of the inoculum was recovered from the hepatic parenchyma of the sheep, F. hepatica was found in only one of six inoculated deer. A patent infection was established in this deer and constitutes the second report of mature F. hepatica in this host.
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PMID:Experimentally induced Faciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. I. Clinicopathological and parasitological features. 112 33

A Theileria sergenti soluble merozoite preparation containing the 29, 34, 35 and 105 KD as the immunodominant polypeptides, was evaluated for efficacy, safety and protectivity in Holstein calves against virulent field tick challenge. The soluble antigens (100 mg/dose) were fortified with either complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty naive calves, aged one month, were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster dose was administered 4 weeks later. Twenty additional calves served as controls. Five weeks after the booster dose, vaccinates and uninoculated controls were moved to a pasture, a heavily tick infested area in Cheju-do, Korea. The vaccinates showed negligible change in hematocrit and total RBC count whereas control animals showed significant (p < 0.05) hematological changes and associated anemia. Only 30% of vaccinates required chemotherapy after the experiment was terminated. All control animals required chemotherapy and 25% received blood transfusion. The highest percent parasitized erythrocytes in vaccinated cattle was 0.4% as compared with 3.6% among controls during the month of July. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the rate of body weight increase. Significant differences were also noted in serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and bilirubin. Significantly more vaccinated cattle maintained normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values as compared with the control group. It is suggested that soluble merozoite T. sergenti antigens may be potential vaccine candidates for developing a genetic vaccine in Korea.
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PMID:Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched Theileria sergenti immunogens. II: Protection against natural exposure under field conditions. 142 33

Therapy of renal anaemia in haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure by application of recombinant human erythropoietin leads to an increase of the haematocrit. Rejuvenation of the erythrocyte population results in a decrease of the median density (D50), an increase of cell age-dependent enzyme activities, such as aspartate aminotransferase, and elevated concentrations of purine nucleotides in the erythrocytes. After density gradient separation of erythrocyte populations into cell age-dependent fractions, the concentrations of adenosine-5'-triphosphate, guanosine-5'-triphosphate and guanosine-5'-diphosphate were be found to be elevated by 25-100% in all cell fractions from haemodialysis patients, compared with a healthy control group. Therapy of haemodialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin leads to further increase (65%) of ATP in the younger (low density) cells, but not in the older (high density) cells. The elevated concentrations of ATP and total adenine nucleotides during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy possibly result in improved deformability of erythrocytes. The data point to an enhancement of the proportion of younger erythrocytes, but not to an improvement of the reduced life span of erythrocytes of haemodialysis patients during therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin.
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PMID:Changed purine nucleotide concentrations and enzyme activities in erythrocytes of haemodialysis patients undergoing erythropoietin therapy. 144 58

Subacute intraperitoneal administration of the lipid portion of the unripe ackee arillus, referred to as "ackee oil", resulted in marked neutropenia (p less than 0.001) and increase in platelets (p less than 0.01) without anaemia, in rats. Blood urea, sodium and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased but glucose and bilirubin levels were similar to those of controls. The lungs showed areas of petechial haemorrhages and a dose-related perivascular and peribronchial mononuclear cell infiltration. The pulmonary toxicity may be interpreted as a hypersensitive reaction to ackee oil. Further research is in progress on the neutropenic effects of ackee oil.
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PMID:Toxic effects of ackee oil (Blighia sapida L) following subacute administration to rats. 156 91

Ischemic hepatitis is not an uncommon complication of reversible severe hypotension or cardiac failure. The prognosis usually is determined by the cause of the initial hypotension or cardiac failure, rather than the subsequent hepatic dysfunction. We report a retrospective analysis of nine patients with ischemic hepatitis in which previously unreported clinical and biochemical abnormalities are noted. The clinical and biochemical course of the patients were reviewed until recovery or death from ischemic hepatitis. All the patients had a rapid striking elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase, with an equally rapid resolution of these parameters. Abnormal serum glucose levels occurred in six patients (none of whom had a prior carbohydrate intolerance). Insulin therapy was given to three patients for a limited period. Renal impairment was manifest in all nine patients, and it resolved spontaneously within 10 days. Altered mental status was detected in six patients; the changes reverted to normal within 7 days of their onset. A preexisting anemia (hemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dl) was noted on admission in four patients, and it did not appear to potentiate the manifestations of the hepatic ischemia. We conclude that ischemic hepatitis should be anticipated in all patients with a recent history of systemic hypotension. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained hepatitis; the early massive rise in lactic dehydrogenase, the rapid fall in transaminases, and the early mild/moderate renal failure strongly suggest ischemic hepatitis. Patients with ischemic hepatitis can manifest reversible renal failure, mental confusion, and hyperglycemia which may require insulin for its control.
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PMID:Ischemic hepatitis: widening horizons. 848 Jul 56

Renal anemia is the result of reduced erythropoietin (EPO) biosynthesis in the diseased kidney and also in part the result of a reduced life span of red blood cells (RBCs). An increase in density and a decrease in enzyme equipment (aspartate aminotransferase; GOT) of RBCs reflect cell age. In the following study, the density distribution (median density D50; determined by Percoll density gradients) and GOT activities of RBCs were measured in patients on acetate (HDA; n = 15) and bicarbonate (HDB; n = 51) hemodialysis. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were: in the HDB group, 9.1 +/- 3.4 g/dl; in the HDA group, 6.2 +/- 1.2 g/dl, and, in a control (C) group of healthy persons, 14.0 +/- 1.5 g/dl. 14 HDB patients with severe anemia received EPO therapy during 1 year. D50 were found as follows: group C, 1.0674 +/- 0.0016 g/ml; HDB, 1.0674 +/- 0.0015 g/ml, and HDA, 1.0660 +/- 0.0012 g/ml (HDA vs. group C: p less than 0.05; HDA vs. HDB: p less than 0.05. D50 were elevated in the subgroups of HDA and HDB patients with severe anemia (Hb less than 8 g/dl). During activated erythropoiesis by EPO therapy, D50 decreased from 1.06739 +/- 0.0015 to 1.0656 +/- 0.0014 g/ml. The GOT activities in RBCs demonstrated a rejuvenation of the RBC population in the HDB group (6.4 +/- 2.5 U/g Hb) and HDA group (5.9 +/- 3.1 U/g Hb) compared to group C (3.9 +/- 1.3 U/g Hb).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Red blood cell density distribution in uremic patients on acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis. 196 10

In a 106-wk toxicity and carcinogenicity study, groups of 60 male and 60 female weanling Wistar rats were fed 0, 0.5, or 50 mg bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)/kg diet. In males, feed consumption was increased in all treated groups and increased water consumption occurred at 5 and 50 mg/kg. During the second year, body weight decreased in the 50-mg/kg males, while the females in that group showed no weight gain. Excess mortality was confined to the 50-mg/kg group towards the end of the study. Haematological changes, comprising anaemia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytosis were noted mainly at the high-dose level. Also, signs of decreased kidney function and increased plasma enzyme activities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) were noted. No effects on serum hormone concentrations (thyrotropin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone or insulin) were observed, except for a decrease in the free thyroxin:thyroxin ratio in both sexes at the high-dose level. Higher serum IgM and IgA levels were present at 50 mg/kg, while, in females, IgG was decreased. At 50 mg/kg, the ovaries, adrenals, spleen (females), heart (males), pituitary, liver and kidneys were increased in weight, but the thyroid weight was decreased in females. The total tin concentrations in liver and kidneys showed a dose relationship and, in general, the concentrations were similar after 1 and 2 yr. Non-neoplastic histological alterations after 1 yr consisted of a decrease in the cell height of the thyroid follicles in all dose groups, with a reduced number of psammoma bodies at 50 mg/kg, a decrease in splenic iron content at 5 (females only) and 50 mg/kg, and a slight bile-duct activation. After 2 yr, only the thyroid changes were still present. In addition, at 2 yr, vacuolation and pigmentation of the proximal tubular epithelium and nephrosis were enhanced at 50 mg/kg. The incidence of benign tumours of the pituitary was significantly elevated and enhanced at 0.5 and 50 mg/kg. At 50 mg/kg increases in pheochromocytomas in the adrenal medulla and in parathyroid adenomas (males) were noted, while adrenal cortical tumours were decreased (males). There was a low, non-dose-related incidence of pancreatic carcinoma. Other tumour rates were in line with control data. It is concluded that lifetime feeding of 50 mg TBTO/kg diet induces toxicity in various organ systems. An increase in some common tumours was found at the high dose, probably due to hormonal or immunological changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in the rat. 234 92


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