Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are many complex pathophysiologic changes of the coagulation system in sepsis. The fibrinolytic system was evaluated in septic children using the global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC), a new technique reflecting the overall fibrinolytic activity. The study consisted of 24 children with sepsis, 36 children with sepsis plus disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and 20 healthy age-matched control individuals. Compared with controls, 86% of sepsis patients and 87% of sepsis plus DIC patients had decreased GFC levels. Between the sepsis plus DIC and sepsis groups there was no significant difference in terms of GFC levels. While 19 patients (52.7%) died in the sepsis plus DIC group, only three patients (12.5%) died in the sepsis group. When survivors and nonsurvivors were compared in terms of coagulation tests, there were significant differences for protein C, antithrombin, platelet, fibrinogen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and white blood cell values. In conclusion, the level of GFC reduced in most of the pediatric sepsis patients but no difference was observed between patients with sepsis and patients with sepsis plus DIC. While inhibition of fibrinolysis is an important finding in sepsis, the mortality is mainly associated with the presence of end-organ damage and the status of coagulation parameters.
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PMID:Global fibrinolytic capacity in pediatric patients with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 1698 53

The blood biochemical and ruminal fluid parameters of 5 buffaloes showing omasal impaction were studied, together with 10 healthy buffaloes as control. The diseased buffaloes had significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, globulin and fibrinogen levels and significantly lower plasma calcium, potassium and chloride concentrations than the controls. The ruminal liquor of the diseased buffaloes revealed characteristic physical, chemical and microbial changes and had significantly higher methylene blue reduction time and ammonia-nitrogen level.
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PMID:Blood biochemical and ruminal liquor profile in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) showing omasal impaction. 1729 61

Beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin (Hb) E is a hereditary hemolytic anemia with varying degrees of severity. Severely affected patients are treated with blood transfusion and/or splenectomy in order to maintain an optimum level of hemoglobin for normal growth and physical activities. As thrombosis has been observed among splenectomized patients, we have investigated alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Plasma levels of prothrombin, fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII, IX and XI, protein C, protein S, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 were determined in 61 patients (21 non-severe non-splenectomized, 18 severe non-splenectomized, 22 severe splenectomized) and 28 healthy individuals. Serum levels of D-dimer, ferritin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were also measured. All severe patients received regular blood transfusion. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 and D-dimer were significantly elevated in splenectomized patients compared to the healthy control subjects, whereas levels of proteins C, protein S, TAFI, fibrinogen, and factors V and VIII in the splenectomized groups were statistically lower than those in control group. There are no statistical differences for the other parameters measured between patients and controls. Coagulation tests showed only significantly reduction in TAFI and factor V and VIII levels in severe splenectomized group in comparison with severe non-splenectomized patients. These results demonstrate the existence of a low grade consumptive coagulopathy among blood-transfused splenectomized patients with severe clinical manifestations, indicating that these patients may have a higher risk for thrombosis than comparable patients with intact spleen.
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PMID:Hemostatic alterations in splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease. 1738 94

Traumatic pericarditis was confirmed postmortem in 28 cattle that had shown signs of a heart rate of more than 100 bpm, distended jugular veins and muffled heart sounds or abnormal pericardial sounds. The heart rate was higher than normal in 24 of them, and in 18 of these it ranged from 100 to 130 bpm. Twenty of the cattle had muffled heart sounds and 10 had pericardial sounds, such as splashing, rubbing or squeaking sounds. Both jugular veins were distended in 24 of the cattle, and 15 had oedema of the throat region, brisket and ventral abdomen. The most important laboratory findings were a reduced clotting time in the glutaraldehyde test in 26 animals, leucocytosis in 22 and a higher than normal concentration of fibrinogen in 19. There was an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in 20, and of aspartate aminotransferase in 15, and in the concentration of bilirubin in 11 of the cattle, indicative of hepatic congestion. A definitive diagnosis of traumatic pericarditis was made on the basis of the clinical findings in 15 of the 28 animals, all of which had typical signs of the disease. In another eight animals, traumatic pericarditis was suspected, although one of the characteristic signs was absent. A tentative but incorrect diagnosis of valvular endocarditis was made in three animals, and a similarly incorrect diagnosis of traumatic reticuloperitonitis was made in the other two.
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PMID:Clinical findings in 28 cattle with traumatic pericarditis. 1795 64

In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2-6 mm) and large follicles (7-20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri-iodothyronine were lower (p < or = 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low-density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17-beta and progesterone were higher (p < or = 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p < or = 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p < or = 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p < or = 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p < or = 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p < or = 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p < or = 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one-humped she-camel.
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PMID:Dynamics of follicular fluid in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). 1842 63

This study was carried out on 30 dwarf bucks to determine the effects of cypermethrin (CY) on clinical, hemato-biochemical and histopathological parameters. Animals were divided randomly into five equal groups, and each group was dipped in 0%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8% or 1.6% CY, on days 0 and 15. Animals were monitored for clinical signs. Blood and serum samples were collected on day 0 and then fortnightly till day 75. Severe clinical signs comprising itching, restlessness, salivation, skin scratching and head shaking appeared at high doses (0.8% and 1.6% CY). Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, globulin and fibrinogen decreased significantly while total leukocyte counts, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentration increased significantly in all the treated groups. In the liver, necrosis of hepatocytes along with cytoplasmic vacuolation and fibroblasts proliferation were observed at a high dose of CY (1.6%). Microscopically kidneys showed congestion of parenchyma and condensation of epithelial cells of tubules along with deposition of casts in tubules. Shrinkage of glomerular capillaries and increased urinary spaces were pronounced in the high-dose group. Lungs exhibited accumulation of fibrinous exudation, thickening of alveolar walls, collapse and broken alveoli in animals treated with a high dose of CY. It was concluded that CY caused dose-dependent effects on all parameters studied. High doses of CY (0.8% and 1.6% solution) affected the parameters on erythrocytes and leukocytes for whole evaluation period, while effects on plasma proteins were transient and on ALT, AST and fibrinogen were transient but lasted a few weeks longer.
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PMID:Effects of cypermethrin on some clinico-hemato-biochemical and pathological parameters in male dwarf goats (Capra hircus). 1877 26

Plasma-derived antithrombin (pAT) is often used for the treatments of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) patients. In this paper, the recombinant adenovirus vector encoding human antithrombin (AT) cDNA was constructed and directly infused into the mammary gland of two goats. The recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) was purified by heparin affinity chromatography from the goat milk, and then used in the treatment of thirty lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced DIC rats. A high expression level of rhAT up to 2.8 g/l was obtained in the milk of goats. After purification, the recovery rate and the purity of the rhAT were up to 54.7 +/- 3.2% and 96.2 +/- 2.7%, respectively. In blood of the DIC rat model treated with rhAT, the levels of antithrombin and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) were augmented significantly; meanwhile the consumption of fibrinogen and platelet was reduced significantly, and the increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration was restrained modest and non-significant. For the above DIC indexes, there were no differences between pAT and rhAT (P > 0.05). Our results demonstrated that the way we established is a pragmatic tool for large-scale production of rhAT, and the rhAT produced with this method has potential as a substitute for pAT in the therapy of DIC patients.
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PMID:Recombinant human antithrombin expressed in the milk of non-transgenic goats exhibits high efficiency on rat DIC model. 1945 83

We recently noticed a possible triglyceride-lowering effect during dietary supplementation with L-arginine. The major limitation of prior studies on L-arginine, however, was that triglyceride levels were not the primary end point, and patients were not necessarily hypertriglyceridemic. Therefore, we conducted a 2-arm, randomized, double-blind study in 33 hypertriglyceridemic patients to investigate the hypothesis that oral L-arginine may lower serum triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients on and off statins. The study consisted of a 6-week run-in phase, 6 weeks of treatment with L-arginine (n = 22, 1.5 g bid) or placebo (n = 11), and a 6-week extension period where simvastatin (20 mg qd) was added. All patients received dietary advice during each study visit. Routine and lipid laboratory parameters were determined in the local routine clinical laboratory. Treatment with L-arginine alone had no effects on serum lipids compared to placebo. The combination of L-arginine with simvastatin led to a significantly stronger reduction in triglycerides compared to placebo plus simvastatin (-140.5 +/- 149.2 mg/dL vs -56.1 +/- 85.0 mg/dL; P = .048). In addition, we found simvastatin-induced increases in aspartate transaminase and fibrinogen to be attenuated by L-arginine as compared to placebo. We conclude from our data that L-arginine enhances the effects of simvastatin on lipid metabolism, but it has no triglyceride-lowering effects when given alone.
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PMID:L-Arginine enhances the triglyceride-lowering effect of simvastatin in patients with elevated plasma triglycerides. 1955 9

Beginning in 2004, dalteparin doses based on activated clotting time (ACT) were administered for hepatic vessel thrombosis prophylaxis in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We verified the feasibility of this new therapy by comparing it with the previous one. From 1993 through 2008, 42 metabolic liver patients who underwent LDLT were divided into two groups. Group A (1993-2003, n = 32) was administered a fixed dalteparin dose and a large amount of fresh frozen plasma (FFP); Group B (2004-2008, n = 10) was administered an appropriate dosage of dalteparin to maintain the ACT levels from 140 to 150 seconds and a small amount of FFP. Group B was administered a lesser amount of FFP and more dalteparin. This resulted in longer activated partial thromboplastin time, lower fibrinogen degradation products D-dimer, and lower aspartate aminotransferase levels compared to group A; all differences were significant. Group B showed neither thrombotic nor hemorrhagic complications. Anticoagulation therapy comprising adjustment of the dalteparin dose based on ACT reduces thrombotic complications without increasing hemorrhagic complications. ACT measurement is a simple, reliable method for bedside monitoring of dalteparin anticoagulant effects for LDLT.
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PMID:Administration of dalteparin based on the activated clotting time for prophylaxis of hepatic vessel thrombosis in living donor liver transplantation. 1991 88

Normal hematologic and blood chemistry values for clinical use and age-related changes are reported as reference values for the endangered Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Blood samples were obtained from 21 nestlings and 26 free-living subadults and adults. No significant differences were found between subadults and adults or between sexes for any of the studied parameters. Reference ranges have been established for Bearded Vulture nestlings (less than 3 mo of age) and for free-living Bearded Vultures, with subadult and adult data combined without affecting clinical interpretation. Some reference values for the parameters reported in this study are similar to those previously described for vultures and other raptor species, although creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were higher than those reported for birds of prey. Significant age-related differences were identified in urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total serum protein, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lipase activities (P<0.05). Additionally, significant age-related differences were noted in red and white blood cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, fibrinogen level, and heterophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils (P<0.005). The results obtained from this study provide reference ranges that will be useful for evaluating the pathologic conditions and general health of Bearded Vulture populations and reveal the existence of important age-related differences in the species.
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PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry reference values and age-related changes in wild Bearded Vultures (Gypaetus barbatus). 2068 32


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