Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P16104 (H2AX)
 3,930 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) is well-established for its antidepressant activity throughout the world and also various other species within this genus are used in different folk medicines. Hyperforin of St. John's wort inhibited growth of cancer cell lines and the use of hypericin (another compound of H. perforatum) in cancer photodynamic therapy is proposed. Therefore, we investigated the anti-cancer properties of H. adenotrichum Spach (Guttiferae), an endemic species in Turkey called 'kantaron', which is used for wound healing and antiseptic effects. Freeze-dried plant was extracted with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol and the bioactivity of these extracts was analysed by proliferation assay, cell death determination, by investigating protein expression profiles specific for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as composition by HPLC. The strongest anti-proliferative activity was determined for the petroleum ether extract with an IpC50 of approximately 5.8 microg/ml medium (referring to 1 mg dried plant) which correlated with cyclin D1 suppression and p21 induction. This extract also induced phosphorylation of H2AX, and activated caspase-3 followed by signature-type cleavage of PARP resulting in approximately 50% apoptosis at 23.2 microg/ml after 24 h of treatment. Neither hyperforin, hypericin, or amentoflavone contributed to these properties. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time that the endemic plant H. adenotrichum Spach exhibits potent p53-independent anti-neoplastic properties due to yet unexplored Hypericum constituents.
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PMID:In vitro anti-neoplastic activity of the ethno-pharmaceutical plant Hypericum adenotrichum Spach endemic to Western Turkey. 1972 64

One of the biggest problems with orthopaedic joint replacements has been the tendency for metal-on-polyethylene implants to produce particulate wear debris. These particles stimulated adjacent macrophage infiltration, which caused destruction of bone and soft tissue, resulting in aseptic loosening of the implant. This problem led to the development of new implants with articulating surfaces that produce less volumetric wear (metal-on-metal, MOM, and ceramic-on-ceramic, COC). To determine whether there could be adverse biological effects from exposure to particulate wear debris after total hip replacement (THR), we investigated the in vitro genotoxic effects of alumina ceramic (Al(2)O(3)) particles in comparison with cobalt-chrome metal (CoCr alloy) particles. Primary human fibroblasts were exposed to Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles or CoCr alloy particles (0.1-10mg/T-75 flask) for 5 days. There were no significant differences in cell viability between control and ceramic-treated cells, at all doses and time-points studied. Cells exposed to CoCr alloy particles showed both dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. There was a small but significant increase in micronucleated binucleate cells after 24h of treatment with >1mg/T-75 flask of alumina particulates compared with controls, although no clear dose-response was observed. The induction of micronuclei was unaffected by the size or shape of the ceramic particles. The increase in micronucleated binucleate cells was much greater after exposure to CoCr particles for 24h, showing a clear dose-response curve. No increase in gamma-H2AX foci was noted in cells exposed to ceramic particles, in contrast with a significant increase of these foci in cells exposed to CoCr particles at comparable mass/surface doses. Cytogenetic analysis showed that both types of particle caused mainly numerical rather than structural chromosomal aberrations, with a greater number and variation of lesions induced by CoCr particles. In conclusion, our results show that alumina (Al(2)O(3)) ceramic particles are only weakly genotoxic to human cells in vitro when compared with metal (CoCr alloy) particles.
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PMID:The in vitro genotoxicity of orthopaedic ceramic (Al2O3) and metal (CoCr alloy) particles. 2013 29