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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fine structure, histamine conten;, and role of calcium in the histamine release process were studied in peritoneal mast cells of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Stereological methods were applied to obtain quantitative data on their structure. The findings were compared with results obtained from the same type of cells in the rat. The gerbil mast cells were smaller in size (mean volume 242 micrometer3 vs 684 micrometer3 in the rat), and the nuclei were also smaller (55 micrometer3 vs 102 micrometer3). There were fewer granules in the gerbil mast cells and their diameter averaged 0.54 micrometer as compared with 0.78 micrometer in the rat). Only 20% of the cytoplasm of the gerbil mast cell was occupied by granules. This figure is approximately one third of that obtained in rat mast cells. The mean total histamine content per cell was 9 pg as compared to an estimated 30 pg/cell in rats. Calculated molar concentration of histamine in the mast granules, however, was higher in the gerbil than in the rat (2.3 M vs. 0.9 M). The mast cells of the gerbil were much more sensitive to the histamine-releasing agent compound 48/80 and in contrast to rat mast cells they were entirely dependent on calcium for their amine release. The fine cellular structure of both species showed multitudinous plasma membrane folds on their surfaces. In addition gerbil mast cells showed extensive surface invaginations. Apart from this were no major differences at the ultrastructural level between unstimulated cells of the two species. During histamine release, however, the mast cells of the gerbil showed a much greater tendency to form large, intracytoplasmic vacuoles and a decreased propensity for fusion of perigranular and plasma membranes (exocytosis) as compared with the corresponding cells in the rat.
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PMID:Mast cells of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Morphology, histamine content and role of calcium in the histamine release process. 8 58

Purified rat peritoneal mast cells adhere to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni which have been pre-incubated in fresh normal rat serum. This cytoadherence reaction is dependent on complement and in particular on components of the alternative pathway. Since antibodies to rat C3 but not IgG block the attachment of the cells to the complement-treated larvae, it appears that C3-specific receptors on the mast cell surface are responsible for the adherence phenomenon. These receptors can also be demonstrated by the rosetting of mast cells with rat complement-treated zymosan particles or fluoresceinated bacteria. The key properties of the receptors are their specificity for homologous (rat) complement, their sensitivity to digestion with trypsin, and their functional dependence on Mg++ ions. Thus, the rat mast cell receptors share many of the characteristics of the C3 receptors previously identified on monocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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PMID:Receptors for C3 on rat peritoneal mast cells. 40 3

The cytotoxic effect of peritoneal cells from Schistosoma mansoni-infected rats against antibody-opsonized or nonopsonized schistosomula in vitro has been studied during the course of infection. Eosinophil-enriched cell preparations were shown to have a high cytotoxic effect on schistosomula in the absence of antibody. The killer cells were identified as eosinophils. As in the ADCC mechanism previously described, mast cell-eosinophil interaction was required for eosinophil cytotoxicity. Rosette formation using S. mansoni antigen-coated erythrocytes was used to demonstrate the presence of anti-S. mansoni IgG2a antibody at the surface of infected eosinophils. Passive sensitization of normal eosinophils with ultracentrifugation pellets of immune rat serum resulted in a significant cytotoxicity of sensitized eosinophils. A close relationship was found between the cytotoxic activity of infected cells and the ability of the corresponding infected serum to arm normal eosinophils. At certain periods after infection, eosinophils from infected rats were less effective than normal eosinophils on antibody-coated schistosomula. EA- (rat) rosetting assay and blockade experiments with homologous immune complexes have revealed in a kinetic study that the blocking of cytotoxic activity of infected eosinophils was related to heat-stable circulating immune complexes. The possible role of immune complexes either in arming or inhibiting effector cells is suggested.
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PMID:In vitro killing of S. mansoni schistosomula by eosinophils from infected rats: role of cytophilic antibodies. 48 80

Mast cells, which had until recently been believed to be not present in the mammalian brain, were studied in the brains of 29 mammalian species. Although there was considerable intraspecific and interspecific variation, mast cells were most numerous within the leptomeninges (especially in those overlying the cerebrum and the dorsal thalamus - most rodents, most carnivores, chimpanzees, squirrel monkeys and elephant), the cerebral cortex (most rodents, tiger, fox, chimpanzee, tarsier, and elephant) and in many nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (most rodents, tiger, lion, and fox). In some mammals, mast cells were also numerous in the stroma of the telencephalic choroid plexuses (chimpanzee, squirrel monkey), the putamen and the claustrum (chimpanzee), the subfornical organ (pack rat, tiger, chimpanzee), the olfactory peduncles (hooded rat, albino rat), the stroma of the diencephalic choroid plexus (lion, chimpanzee, squirrel monkey), the pineal organ (chimpanzee, squirrel monkey), some nuclei of the hypothalamus (tiger), the infundibulum (hooded rat, tiger, fox) the area postrema (pack rat, chinchilla, lion, spider monkey, chimpanzee, fox) and some nuclei and tracts of the metencephalon and the myelencephalon (tiger). Neither the sex of the animal nor electrolytic lesions made in the brains of some of the animals at various times prior to sacrifice appeared to effect the number and the distribution of mast cells. Age-related changes in mast cell number and distribution were detected in the albino rat.
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PMID:Mast cells in mammalian brain. 96 35

The effect of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered histamine (100 micrograms/rat) on intestinal myoelectrical activity was investigated in the jejunum of fasted rats. Histamine caused the disappearance of phase III and a partial reduction of phase II of migrating myoelectric complexes. This effect was antagonized by i.c.v. pretreatment with mepyramine (10 micrograms/rat), an H1 receptor antagonist. Lesions of central noradrenergic neurons by i.c.v. injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine strongly reduced both the inhibition of intestinal propulsion and the migrating myoelectric complexes profile induced by i.c.v. histamine, whereas pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine, a selective depletor of serotonin stores, had no effect. It thus appears that aminergic pathways are involved in the visceral effects of central histamine. Mepyramine (200 micrograms/rat i.c.v.) partially reduced the slowing of intestinal transit induced by high doses of morphine. Pretreatment with compound 48/80 (10 micrograms/rat i.c.v.), a mast cell degranulator, but not with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an irreversible inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, reduced the antipropulsive action of i.c.v. morphine to the same extent as mepyramine, suggesting that histamine released from cerebral mast cells by high doses of morphine could contribute to the intestinal inhibition by morphine.
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PMID:Further investigations on the antipropulsive effect of centrally administered histamine and its relation with morphine. 161 2

Somatostatin (S) inhibits hemorrhagic gastric erosions produced by ethanol. In this study we compared the dose-dependent effects of linear (reduced) and cyclic (oxidized) S with respect to mast cell degranulation. The gastric mucosal injuries were more inhibited by linear S than by cyclic S. But linear S aggravated injury at a certain dose (10(-7) mol/rat). Mucosal mast cell degranulation correlated significantly with the area of hemorrhagic mucosal lesions (r = 0.91). Both cytoprotection as well as aggravation potency of S may be connected to gastric mucosal mast cell activity in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of somatostatin on ethanol-induced gastric erosions in the rat: role of mast cells. 287 24

The immediate posttraining intracerebroventricular injection of histamine (1 or 10 ng/rat) facilitated memory both of a stepdown inhibitory avoidance task, and of the habituation of rearing responses to an open field. As previously shown for the avoidance task, the combination of cimetidine (1,000 ng/rat) plus prometazine (1,000 ng/rat), but not each drug on its own, blocked the effect of histamine in the habituation task. The effect of histamine was not shared by the intracerebroventricular administration of the mast cell histamine releaser, 48/80 (0.1 to 100 micrograms/rat). The present findings indicate that the memory facilitatory action of histamine might be general across tasks, and that 48/80-releasable, presumably mast cell, endogenous histamine is probably not involved in memory regulation.
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PMID:Intracerebroventricular histamine, but not 48/80, causes posttraining memory facilitation in the rat. 336 62

We have previously reported that rodent tumor cell lines secrete a potent vascular permeability factor with a molecular weight of 34,000-42,000 (Senger et al. Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science (Wash. DC), 219: 983-985, 1983). This tumor-secreted vascular permeability factor (VPF) causes a rapid and completely reversible increase in microvascular permeability in the species (guinea pig or rat) from which the tumors were derived without causing mast cell degranulation or endothelial cell damage or exciting an inflammatory cell infiltrate. This VPF may be responsible, at least in part, for the increased permeability which is commonly displayed by solid and ascites tumor vessels. We have now examined 7 human tumor cell lines and have determined that 5 of them also secrete this same VPF. Antibody raised to guinea pig line 10 VPF neutralized more than 90% of the vascular permeability-increasing activity secreted by these 5 human tumor lines. Furthermore, VPFs from both guinea pig and human tumor sources bound to and were eluted similarly from immobilized heparin and comigrated identically on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Finally, 2 tumorigenic (in nude mice) human cell lines were found to secrete at least 14-fold more VPF than their directly matched, nontumorigenic counterparts, suggesting that elevated expression of this permeability factor may correlate with neoplastic transformation. These data suggest that a broad spectrum of tumor cells from several species, including humans, secretes a highly conserved molecule that enhances local vascular permeability and that this function may be important for tumor growth.
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PMID:A highly conserved vascular permeability factor secreted by a variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines. 375 10

The polymorphonuclear leukocyte appears to be an essential cellular prerequisite for the antigen-induced release of SRS-A(rat) in the peritoneal cavity of rats prepared with homologous, hyperimmune antisera. Depletion of PMN leukocytes is associated with a marked suppression of SRS-A(rat) release, whereas depletion of circulating lymphocytes or peritoneal mast cells does not influence the antigen-induced release of SRS-A(rat). A local increase in the number of PMN leukocytes produced by the induction of a peritoneal exudate was associated with an enhanced release of SRS-A(rat). A distinct difference in the cellular requirements for the antigen-induced release of histamine and SRS-A(rat) in the rat was observed. Homocytotropic antibody-mediated histamine release could be achieved in leukopenic rats but not in mast cell-depleted animals. Conversely, SRS-A(rat) release was suppressed in leukopenic rats but was unaffected by mast cell depletion. Diethylcarbamazine inhibited the antigen-induced release of SRS-A(rat) following preparation with homologous, hyperimmune antisera but did not interfere with homocytotropic antibody-mediated histamine release. In preventing SRS-A(rat) release, diethylcarbamazine did not interfere with antigen-antibody interaction since desensitization of tissues was possible in the presence of this inhibitor. This observation is consistent with the view that diethylcarbamazine inhibits the reaction sequence leading to the formation and release of SRS-A(rat) at some step subsequent to antigen-antibody interaction. These studies support the view that the immunologic pathways leading to the release of SRS-A(rat) and histamine in the rat are distinctly different in terms of the immunoglobulins involved, the cellular prerequisites, and the effective pharmacologic inhibitors.
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PMID:Antigen-induced release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A rat) in rats prepared with homologous antibody. 438 30

To study the inflammatory properties of lysophosphatidylserine (a phospholipid acting as a histamine releaser), rats were subjected to local treatment with this compound. In the paw a rapid and dose-dependent edematous reaction occurred within 30-60 min (ED50 2.5 micrograms/rat). The effect was dependent on the intact configuration of serine head group since lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidic acid and N-acetimidyl-lysophosphatidylserine were uneffective. Indomethacin produced a weak inhibition but chlorpheniramine and cyproheptadine inhibited 50 and 70%, respectively. Consistently, the histamine stores of the paw were found to be decreased at the end of the lysophosphatidylserine effect. Increase in vascular permeability was observed also after the injection of lysophosphatidylserine into the dorsal skin and pleural cavity although the phospholipid was less effective in these regions. The fluid extravasation in the pleural cavity was 75% prevented by cyproheptadine. Parallel in vitro experiments showed that the effect of lysophosphatidylserine on isolated pleural and peritoneal mast cells is increased when a leukocyte lysate was also added. After centrifugation the activity was retained in the insoluble fraction. It is concluded that lysophosphatidylserine, injected locally, elicits an inflammatory reaction mediated by the components of mast cell granulus. The response may be amplified by the migration of other inflammatory cells into the exudate.
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PMID:Local effects of lysophosphatidylserine in rats. 620 95


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