Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mast cell numbers are increased significantly in oral lichen planus (OLP). In other inflammatory conditions, mast cells frequently adhere to extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine whether the distribution of mast cells in OLP is related topographically to laminin in vascular and epithelial basement membranes. Monoclonal antibodies for tryptase, laminin and the alpha6beta1 CD49f laminin-binding integrin were used to identify mast cells, basement membranes (blood vessels and basal epithelium) and the "classical" laminin adhesion receptor, respectively. A double-labelling immunoperoxidase technique was employed to examine and compare mast cell-laminin relationships in OLP (n=19) and normal buccal mucosa (NBM, n=13). In both OLP and NBM, the majority of mast cells were located close to vascular basement membranes. Quantitative studies revealed that the number of mast cells associated with the laminin of vascular basement membranes (distance <1 microm) was two-fold and three-fold higher, respectively, in the superficial and deep layers in OLP compared with NBM (P<0.001). The frequency distribution of mast cells associated with basal epithelium was not statistically different in both groups (P>0.05). The association of mast cells with laminin may be an important determinant of mast cell density in OLP During OLP lesion formation and progression, the preferential distribution of mast cells in the immediate perivascular region provides an ideal situation for mast cell-derived mediators to influence the vascular endothelium.
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PMID:Associations between mast cells and laminin in oral lichen planus. 956 71

Mast cells (MC) and blood basophils (Ba) are multifunctional effector cells of the immune system and accumulate in areas of ongoing disease. However, despite of similar morphology, MC and Ba differ from each other in terms of cell surface receptor expression, mediator content, and tissue distribution. In order to gain new insights into mechanisms and molecules responsible for the distribution and accumulation of MC and Ba, we have investigated expression of homing receptors on primary human MC (lung, n=28; uterus, n=17), Ba (healthy donors, n=64), the mast cell line HMC-1, and the basophil line KU-812. Expression of cell surface antigens on MC and Ba was analyzed by mAb and indirect immunofluorescence staining techniques. In addition to previous findings, Ba were found to react with mAb against the selectin-ligands sLe(x) (CD15s) and PSGL-1 (CD162), L-selectin (CD62L), beta7-integrin, the 'matrix-receptor' neurothelin (CD147), platelet-endothelial cell tetraspan antigen-3 (PETA-3=CD151), and BST-1 (CD157). Novel antigens detectable on MC (lung and uterus) were CD147, CD151, CD157 and CD49c (VLA-3alpha). By contrast, MC were not recognized by mAb to sLe(x), PSGL-1, L-selectin, or beta7 integrin. No reactivity of Ba or MC with mAb to syndecan-1 (CD138), VE-cadherin (CD144), MUC18/MCAM (CD146), MGC-24 (CD164), or ALCAM (CD166) was found. The cell lines HMC-1 and KU-812 expressed a similar profile of antigens when compared to primary cells. In summary, Ba and MC express a unique profile of homing molecules. Apparently, Ba differ from MC in expression of recognition receptors relevant for binding to endothelium and consecutive transmigration.
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PMID:Expression of homing receptors and related molecules on human mast cells and basophils: a comparative analysis using multi-color flow cytometry and toluidine blue/immunofluorescence staining techniques. 1059 89

To investigate the crucial role of platelet-derived thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) in initiating Ag-specific contact sensitivity (CS), a platelet-dependent CS model using genetically mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice, was provided. In vivo treatment with BAYu3405, a TXA(2) receptor antagonist, markedly suppressed CS responses in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect occurred when BAYu3405 was administered before an early initiating phase, suggesting that TXA(2) may be a potent initiator of platelet-mediated CS responses. When platelets were pretreated with BAYu3405 in vitro, platelet aggregation as well as serotonin release, which is able to induce the early phase response allowing local recruitment of CS effector T cells due to direct activation of vascular endothelial cells, was inhibited. The addition of U46619, a TXA(2) agonist, or a mixture of platelets and thrombin-enhanced expression of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on isolated mouse aortic endothelial cells, which was completely abolished by pretreatment with BAYu3405. Furthermore, intradermal injection of U46619 into the ear of platelet-depleted mice led to CS responses with marked expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the vascular endothelium. These findings suggest that TXA(2) generated from platelets activated with Ag may mediate initiation of CS responses through inducing serotonin release from platelets and the subsequent aggregation and up-regulated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells.
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PMID:Necessity of thromboxane A2 for initiation of platelet-mediated contact sensitivity: dual activation of platelets and vascular endothelial cells. 1112 45

A significant role of nitric oxide (NO) is being acknowledged gastroduodenal mucosa defense mechanism(s) against the injurious effect of NSAIDs. Many of the NO effects recall those of prostaglandins, such as direct protection of epithelial cells, mucus release, repair of mucosal erosions or ulcerations, mast cell degranulation. Other co-effects prove to be the inhibition of neutrophil adherence to the vascular endothelium, also associated with an improved mucosal blood flow. NO may also act by scavenging oxygen-derivedfree radicals. Consequently, in order to reduce the NSAID gastrotoxicity has been proposed: a) the linking of a NO-releasing mojety to these agents (NSAID NO-donors); b) the use of amtolmetin guacyl (AMG), a drug which induces an increase in the gastric mucosa NO concentration via direct stimulation of the local endogenous synthesis of this gas. Clinical studies on the efficacy and tolerability have been carried out with AMG versus other NSAIDs (diclofenac, indomethacin, piroxicam, naproxen) in patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and a number of post-traumatic arthropathies. As far as clinical symptoms are concerned AMG proves to be equally effective, but significantly better as far as gastroscopic lesions are concerned. NONSAIDs and AMG may play an important role among the long-term treatment of chronic inflammatory osteoarticular and rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:[Nitric oxide and gastroduodenal damage caused by NSAIDs. Recent findings and clinical implications]. 1132 Aug 58

(1) Intravenous injection of ioxaglate (4 g iodine kg(-1)), an iodinated radiographic contrast medium, caused a marked protein extravasation, pulmonary oedema and a decrease in the arterial partial oxygen pressure in rats. (2) All of these reactions to ioxaglate were reversed by the pretreatment with gabexate mesilate (10 and 50 mg kg(-1), 5 min prior to injection) or nafamostat mesilate (3 and 10 mg kg(-1)), in which the inhibition was complete after injection of nafamostat mesilate (10 mg kg(-1)). (3) Both gabexate mesilate and nafamostat mesilate inhibited the activity of purified human lung tryptase, although the latter compound was far more potent than the former. (4) Ioxaglate enhanced the nafamostat-sensitive protease activity in the extracellular fluid of rat peritoneal mast cell suspensions. (5) Tryptase enhanced the permeability of protein through the monolayer of cultured human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Ioxaglate, when applied in combination with rat peritoneal mast cells, also produced the endothelial barrier dysfunction. These effects of tryptase and ioxaglate were reversed by nafamostat mesilate. (6) Consistent with these findings, immunofluorescence morphological analysis revealed that tryptase or ioxaglate in combination with mast cells increased actin stress fibre formation while decreasing VE-cadherin immunoreactivity. Both of these actions of tryptase and ioxaglate were reversed by nafamostat mesilate. (7) These findings suggest that tryptase liberated from mast cells plays a crucial role in the ioxaglate-induced pulmonary dysfunction. In this respect, nafamostat mesilate may become a useful agent for the cure or prevention of severe adverse reactions to radiographic contrast media.
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PMID:A potent tryptase inhibitor nafamostat mesilate dramatically suppressed pulmonary dysfunction induced in rats by a radiographic contrast medium. 1264 98

An important feature of chemokines is their ability to bind to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans, predominately heparin and heparan sulfate. To date, all chemokines tested bind to immobilized heparin in vitro, as well as cell surface heparan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. These interactions play an important role in modulating the action of chemokines by facilitating the formation of stable chemokine gradients within the vascular endothelium and directing leukocyte migration, by protecting chemokines from proteolysis, by inducing chemokine oligomerization, and by facilitating transcytosis. Despite the importance of eotaxin in eosinophil differentiation and recruitment being well established, little is known about the interaction between eotaxin and GAGs and the functional consequences of such an interaction. Here we report that eotaxin binds selectively to immobilized heparin with high affinity (K(d) = 1.23 x 10(-8) M), but not to heparan sulfate or a range of other GAGs. The interaction of eotaxin with heparin does not promote eotaxin oligomerization but protects eotaxin from proteolysis directly by plasmin and indirectly by cathepsin G and elastase. In vivo, co-administration of eotaxin and heparin is able to significantly enhance eotaxin-mediated eosinophil recruitment in a mouse air-pouch model. Furthermore, when heparin is co-administered with eotaxin at a concentration that does not normally result in eosinophil infiltration, eosinophil recruitment occurs. In contrast, heparin does not enhance eotaxin-mediated eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro, suggesting protease protection or haptotactic gradient formation as the mechanism by which heparin enhances eotaxin action in vivo. These results suggest a role for mast cell-derived heparin in the recruitment of eosinophils, reinforcing Th2 polarization of inflammatory responses.
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PMID:Eotaxin selectively binds heparin. An interaction that protects eotaxin from proteolysis and potentiates chemotactic activity in vivo. 1738 13

Definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells have been thought to develop from the vascular endothelium located in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of the mouse embryo. However, several recent findings have suggested that most hematopoietic progenitors are derived from non-endothelial precursor cells expressing CD41. We characterized two distinct precursor populations of definitive hematopoietic cell lineages, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin(+) CD41(-) CD45(-) endothelial cells and CD41(+) CD45(-) non-endothelial progenitors, both of which are derived from lateral mesoderm. VE-cadherin(+) endothelial cells obtained from cultures of differentiating embryonic stem cells possessed hematopoietic potential encompassing erythroid, myeloid and B lymphoid lineages, whereas CD41(+) progenitors lacked the B lymphopoietic potential. VE-cadherin(+) endothelial cells in the lower trunk of the embryo proper showed a significant potential for initiating B lymphopoiesis in cultures, while endothelial cells in the yolk sac appeared to have a bias for myeloerythropoietic differentiation. CD41(+) progenitors isolated from yolk sac and embryo proper were capable of generating multiple hematopoietic lineages, although mast cell precursors were exclusively enriched in CD41(+) progenitors in the yolk sac. These results suggest that hemogenic endothelial cells and CD41(+) progenitors possess distinct hematopoietic potential depending on the tissues in which they reside.
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PMID:Distinct hemogenic potential of endothelial cells and CD41+ cells in mouse embryos. 1750 6

Pain intensity in chronic venous disease varies with the stage in the clinical-etiologic-anatomic-pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification but also with patient perception, pain being by definition subjective. The venous hypertension responsible for the varicose veins and trophic changes in CVD has a variety of algogenic repercussions in which leukocytes play a particular role, notably through their ability to roll along the vessel wall. Shear stress, hypoxia and stasis activate the marginated leukocytes to shed L-selectin from their surface and express integrins, matrix metalloproteinase 9, elastase, lactoferrin and free radicals. Meanwhile the endothelium expresses adhesion molecules that permit slow rolling on E-selectin followed by adhesion and tissue transmigration. Vein wall and valve areas in particular attract mast cells, monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes, and undergo remodeling. Sympathetic sensory C and Adelta fibers, which wrap around cutaneous venules and are also present in the venous intima and media, are nociceptors sensitive to the pain mediators concentrated within leukocytes, such as mast cell bradykinin, responsible for visceral pain. Neuronal inflammation combined with wall remodeling intensifies symptoms. Yet no direct link has so far been shown between pain and mast cell mediator levels. Leukocyte adhesion is also associated with the increased capillary permeability that leads to edema. Antileukocyte therapies include postural rest and venotonics which alone or in combination with compression have been shown to unstick and inhibit leukocytes. The micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) protects vascular endothelium against hypoxia and reduces adhesion molecule expression. Unlike other antileukocyte therapies, venotonics do not cause neutropenia.
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PMID:Leukocyte involvement in the signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease. Perspectives for therapy. 1772 58

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) exerts multiple insults in microcirculation, frequently accompanied by endothelial cell injury, enhanced adhesion of leukocytes, macromolecular efflux, production of oxygen free radicals, and mast cell degranulation. Since the microcirculatory disturbance results in injury of organ involved, protection of organ after I/R is of great importance in clinic. Salvia miltiorrhiza root has long been used in Asian countries for clinical treatment of various microcirculatory disturbance-related diseases. This herbal drug contains many active water-soluble compounds, including protocatechuic aldehyde (PAl), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (DLA) and salvianolic acid B (SalB). These compounds, as well as water-soluble fraction of S. miltiorrhiza root extract (SMRE), have an ability to scavenge peroxides and are able to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules in vascular endothelium and leukocytes. Moreover, lipophilic compounds of SMRE also prevent the development of vascular damage; NADPH oxidase and platelet aggregation are inhibited by tanshinone IIA and tanshinone IIB, respectively, and the mast cell degranulation is blunted by cryptotanshinone and 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I. Thus, the water-soluble and lipophilic compounds of SMRE appear to improve the I/R-induced vascular damage multifactorially and synergically. This review will summarize the ameliorating effect of compounds derived from SMRE on microcirculatory disturbance and target organ injury after I/R and will provide a new perspective on remedy with multiple drugs.
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PMID:Ameliorating effects of compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on microcirculatory disturbance and target organ injury by ischemia and reperfusion. 1804 1

This report describes a case of a canine cutaneous grade I mast cell tumour which developed within a lipoma in the right axillar region of an 8-year-old male Boxer. Immunohistologically, the neoplastic mast cells were positive for serotonin, CD45 vimentin and p53, and negative for lysozyme, CD3 and CD79a expression. The proliferation index of the mast cell tumour based on the Ki-67 antigen was 6.1%. Between the benign neoplastic lipocytes and mastocytoma tumour cells intratumoural microvessels were detected by immunohistochemical staining using CD31 and claudin-5 as markers for vascular endothelium.
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PMID:Cutaneous mast cell tumour within a lipoma in a boxer. 1958 39


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