Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The immune responses and accompanying inflammatory local reactions were analyzed in mice sensitized subcutaneously (SC) or intranasally. Administration of picrylsulfonic acid (PSA) by both routes for two 2- or 1-week periods with a 4-week interval resulted in delayed hypersensitivity responses. Serum antibodies of the IgG and IgE and some of the IgA isotype were found, particularly in SC-sensitized animals. The latter animals also had levels of IgG antibodies in their bronchial fluid. Lymph node cells from mice sensitized for 2-week periods demonstrated high spontaneous proliferation. After culture together with spleen cells, these cells exhibited considerable numbers of mast cells, particularly after stimulation with pokeweed and antigen. The lungs from mice sensitized intranasally revealed increased numbers of mononuclear cells around large vessels and mucous cells in the bronchiolar epithelium, although there were individual differences between the animals. The mast cell numbers in the lungs were only slightly increased compared with numbers in nonimmunized animals subjected to ether anesthesia. Animals injected SC with PSA exhibited increased numbers of mast cells in their lungs compared with control mice. Mice sensitized with trinitrophenylated human serum albumin demonstrated some differences in their immune reactivity compared with animals immunized with PSA. Thus, no obvious delayed hypersensitivity appeared, but the IgG antibody titers were higher, and the IgE antibody titers were lower. The cellular responses assessed histologically demonstrated higher mononuclear cell numbers and lower mast cell numbers compared with those observed in animals sensitized with PSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Regional and systemic immune responses to trinitrophenyl derivatives after intranasal and subcutaneous sensitization of mice. 396 26

We explored the pathologic changes in the skin of mice undergoing a chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. In rodents and in man, chronic GVH includes the deposition of excess collagen in the skin-a reaction which resembles idiopathic scleroderma. GVH disease across minor histocompatibility barriers was produced by injecting B10.D2 cells into irradiated BALB/c mice. These strains are identical at the H-2 and Mls loci but differ in minor histocompatibility antigens. Control BALB/c mice received irradiation and BALB/c cells. Serial skin biopsies were taken and studied for histological changes characteristic of chronic GVHD, for mast cell density, and for the deposition of immunoreactants. GVHD was produced in B10.D2----BALB/c mice as measured by body weight loss and the production of skin changes including dermal fibrosis, loss of fat and appendages, and a mononuclear cell infiltrate. Dermal mast cells, assessed by toluidine blue staining, were normal at Day 11, but had disappeared by Days 21-63 and returned to normal by Day 104. Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM appeared at the dermo-epidermal junction and along the basement membrane zone of hair follicles. This deposition was maximal at Day 42 and waned thereafter. Thus the appearance of immunoglobulins in the skin was maximal when mast cell staining was minimal. The changes in this GVHD model leading to a scleroderma-like picture in the skin are compatible with an immune etiology for the fibrosis. Vasodilation following liberation of mast cell mediators would facilitate the deposition of immunoglobulins. The disappearance of mast cell staining may be caused by extensive degranulation. We postulate an interaction between GVHD-activated T cells, mast cell stimulation, fibroblast activation, and fibrosis.
 ...
PMID:Chronic graft-versus-host disease as a model for scleroderma. II. Mast cell depletion with deposition of immunoglobulins in the skin and fibrosis. 401 62

Several skin diseases may present as vesicles or bullae. Immunofluorescent studies are very helpful in differentiating the various disease entities. Familiarity with the procedure and the various kinds of patterns that are specific and non-specific is essential for the practicing dermatologist. Immunofluorescent patterns are particularly helpful in differentiating pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatrical pemphigoid, herpes gestationis, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA dermatosis and porphyria. Immunofluorescent studies of the skin and sera of these patients were vital to an understanding their pathogenesis. Immunoelectron microscopy has further helped in delineating the exact sites of immunoglobulin deposition, and, thus, identifying the location of the antigens. In pemphigus, studies at the molecular level reveal that the basic pathological process is mediated by an anti-cellular cement substance antibody. The binding of this antibody at the cell surface level results in a process that is seen at the light microscopy level in the form of acantholysis. In bullous pemphigoid cells may play an important role. It appears that the mast cell, eosinophil, and the lymphocyte in harmony with the polymorphonuclear leucocyte work together to bring about an enzymatic degradation of the basement membrane. The specific role of the anti-basement membrane zone antibody is also under current study. With advances in molecular immunology, especially monoclonal antibodies and gene technology, it is hoped that these cellular and molecular interactions will be better understood and further defined.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of bullous disease and studies in the pathogenesis of blister formation using immunopathological techniques. 638 5

The mucosal lymphoid aggregates in lung and gut contain precursor cells destined to seed mucosal tissues with IgA containing cells. It is likely that both tissues also are sources of both IgE B cell precursors as well as the cells responsible for their regulation (38). Although the traffic of B cells is relatively well understood from the standpoint of IgA, the factors responsible for localization in mucosal tissue are at best unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the migration patterns of helper or suppressor cells of any kind and these may have, if derived from mucosal tissue, a preferential site of action in the mucosa. The mucosal mast cell may well be a cell of different lineage than the mast cell from the peritoneal cavity and may itself have a mucosal localization pattern. Much more work needs to be done to render some of these speculations onto a better factual base, and to harness these systems in provision of better approaches to vaccination and control of disease.
 ...
PMID:Gut and bronchus associated lymphoid tissue: an overview. 675 73

Bronchi biopsy specimens of 42 patients with chronic respiratory diseases were studied for immunoglobulin-containing cells, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The number of immunocytes was expressed per unit tissue section surface. The cells were located directly under the epithelium. In most biopsy specimens IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells were demonstrable, with IgA- and IgG-containing cells in the majority. IgE-containing cells were found only in small numbers in biopsy specimens of a few patients. The presence of IgE-containing cells was nearly always accompanied by a high amount of mast cell-bound IgE in the bronchial mucosa. No correlation could be found between the number and class of immunocytes and clinical data.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the bronchial mucosa of patients with chronic respiratory disease. 704 87

ODU Plaque-susceptible rats (ODUS/Odu) exhibit markedly heavy plaque formation in the lower incisors and develop both periodontal pockets and gingivitis after being fed a commercially available powder diet. These rats have been established as an inbred strain. We have demonstrated that the ODUS/Odu are a very suitable experimental model for studying periodontitis. We already reported about the allelic distribution, changes of plaque formation and body weight, biochemical nature, toxic activity, vascular permeability factor and bradykinin inactivating factor of the plaque, histological and immunological studies, the pH in the periodontal pocket, amount of saliva, IgA in the saliva, salivary kallikrein, the relationship between sialic acid in the saliva and the serum, leukocyte functions (chemotaxis and superoxide anion) in ODUS/Odu, histamine, mast cell, free radicals, superoxide dismutase activities in gingiva and gingival nerve fibers with substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide, and effect of diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ODUS/Odu may be a useful tool for studying the pathological mechanisms in the development of periodontal tissue breakdown in diabetes. ODUS/Odu should help to further establish the utility of this strain as a model for experimental periodontal disease.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental periodontitis in rats]. 762 82

We have shown that, under certain conditions, a single dose of a conjugate of beta-lactoglobulin linked to isologous IgG suppresses specific antibody responses (IgE, IgG, and IgA) in rats immunized with beta-lactoglobulin. This suppression is allergen specific. It also appears to be effective when animals are first immunized and then tolerized. In addition, administration of the beta-lactoglobulin-IgG tolerogen abolishes mast cell mediator release. This has been shown both in vivo and with passively sensitized mast cells in vitro. We propose that the construction of a tolerogen made of whole protein allergen linked to IgG could provide a novel specific therapy for allergic reactions.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of allergic sensitization to beta-lactoglobulin with conjugates made of beta-lactoglobulin coupled to isologous immunoglobulin G. 816 87

A recent immunohistochemical study found increased numbers of eosinophils, but no mast cells, in the pulmonary parenchyma of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The present study tested the hypothesis that this pulmonary eosinophilia could be IgE-mediated. Histomorphometry was used to compare the numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, and IgG-, IgA-, IgM- and IgE-expressing lymphoid cells in the lungs of two groups of infants. Twenty-eight subjects aged less than 1 year were selected from post-mortem records of infant deaths between 1989 and 1992. Fourteen were cases of SIDS and these infants were matched for age and gender to 14 controls who died of other non-pulmonary conditions. Immunohistochemical stains were used and positive cells were counted on six peribronchial and six subpleural fields. The numbers of eosinophils in both peribronchial and subpleural regions were significantly higher in SIDS compared with controls (P = 0.0071 and P = 0.041, respectively). The numbers of IgA-expressing lymphoid cells were also significantly increased in SIDS cases (P = 0.042). There were no differences in IgG, IgM or IgE expression or in mast cell numbers. These results confirmed that pulmonary eosinophils are increased in SIDS, but not through an IgE-mediated pathway.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary eosinophilia in sudden infant death syndrome. 856 97

Mouse mast cells express gp49B1, a cell-surface member of the Ig superfamily encoded by the gp49B gene. We now report that by ALIGN comparison of the amino acid sequence of gp49B1 with numerous receptors of the Ig superfamily, a newly recognized family has been established that includes gp49B1, the human myeloid cell Fc receptor for IgA, the bovine myeloid cell Fc receptor for IgG2, and the human killer cell inhibitory receptors expressed on natural killer cells and T lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic domain of gp49B1 contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that are also present in killer cell inhibitory receptors; these motifs downregulate natural killer cell and T-cell activation signals that lead to cytotoxic activity. As assessed by flow cytometry with transfectants that express either gp49B1 or gp49A, which are 89% identical in the amino acid sequences of their extracellular domains, mAb B23.1 was shown to recognize only gp49B1. Coligation of mAb B23.1 bound to gp49B1 and IgE fixed to the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE on the surface of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells inhibited exocytosis in a dose-related manner, as defined by the release of the secretory granule constituent beta-hexosaminidase, as well as the generation of the membrane-derived lipid mediator, leukotriene C4. Thus, gp49B1 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-containing integral cell-surface protein that downregulates the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE-mediated release of proinflammatory mediators from mast cells. Our findings establish a novel counterregulatory transmembrane pathway by which mast cell activation can be inhibited.
 ...
PMID:Mouse mast cell gp49B1 contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs and suppresses mast cell activation when coligated with the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE. 885 62

Recent reports describe the beneficial use of lodoxamide, an anti-allergic compound, for the treatment of asthma and allergic conjunctivitis. Lodoxamide is known as a mast cell stabilizer, however, the association of a significant clinical improvement with a specific decrease in eosinophil infiltrate suggested possible direct effects of lodoxamide on eosinophils. The chemotactic response of eosinophils to fMLP as well as to IL-5, in vitro, was very significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Lodoxamide. Lodoxamide was also able to strongly inhibit the release of eosinophil peroxidase after IgA-dependent activation and, to a lesser extent, the release of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Moreover, the release of cytotoxic mediators evaluated in an antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assay against parasitic targets was also significantly reduced, not only in the case of human eosinophils but also in a rat eosinophil-mast cell model of cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicate that lodoxamide can exert potent inhibitory effects on eosinophil activation in vitro combined with a strong inhibition of eosinophil attraction, leading therefore to a reduction in their pathological potential in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitory effects of lodoxamide on eosinophil activation. 965 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>