Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vascular permeability-increasing action of rabbit PMNL lysosomes has been studied in skin and cremaster muscle of the rat. Both an extract of frozen-thawed granules and a cathepsin-free cationic protein fraction of the granules (which had previously been demonstrated to cause leukocyte adhesion and emigration in vivo) induce increased vascular permeability in skin and muscle which resembles that produced by histamine or histamine-liberators with respect to the timing of the response and the predominant type of microvessel affected. Extracts of frozen-thawed lysosomes and the inflammatory lysosomal cationic protein both cause disruption of rat mesenteric mast cells in vitro, whereas a granule-free cytoplasmic fraction of PMN leukocytes and a non-inflammatory cationic protein fraction of the granules do not do so under identical test conditions. The mastocytolytic action of lysosomal materials in vitro is not inhibited in the presence of 10 kallikrein-inhibiting units of trasylol per ml. The mast cell rupturing fraction of PMNL granules (cationic protein) possesses no detectable peroxidase activity or acid-mucopolysaccharase activity. When compared with compound 48/80 on the basis of estimated molecular weight, the lysosomal cationic protein appears to be at least as active as the latter compound with respect to in vitro mastocytolytic potency. Chronic pretreatment of rats with an agent known to reduce tissue mast cell numbers causes marked suppression of the vascular permeability change normally induced in skin and muscle by lysosomal extracts and cationic protein. Similar results are obtained if lysosomal materials are tested in rats pretreated with an antihistaminic. These observations are discussed with respect to the mode of action of PMNL lysosomes in the early and late phases of local tissue-injury reactions.
 ...
PMID:Mediators of inflammation in leukocyte lysosomes. II. Mechanism of action of lysosomal cationic protein upon vascular permeability in the rat. 437 82

As demonstrated by labeling with peroxidase, avidin was found to bind selectively and distinctly to mast cell granules. Inhibition studies suggested that avidin is bound by heparin. Based on this new mast cell staining procedure, mast cell distribution in the inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) has been investigated. In the subsynovial layer, a significant decrease in mast cell numbers was observed in RA-synovium when compared with OA-synovium. This decrease correlated with the presence of lining cell ulcers and granulation tissue and can be interpreted as the result of mast cell degranuation induced by complement-mediated or immune complex-triggered mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by an avidin-peroxidase staining. 608 57

Mast cells are demonstrated in synovial membranes of patients with osteo-arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis using a new staining principle based on interaction of heparin in mast cell granules with peroxidase labeled avidin. It was found that mast cell numbers in the subsynovial layer of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were significantly lower than those in patients suffering from osteo-arthritis. This decrease can be mainly attributed to patients with rheumatoid arthritis whose synovitis was characterized by a distinct histomorphological pattern consisting of lining cell ulcers and granulation tissue. However, when mast cell numbers in rheumatoid arthritis and osteo-arthritis patients were compared without respect to mast cell distribution in the subsynovial layer or the stratum fibrosum, no statistical differences between the diseases could be observed.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of mast cells in human synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. 608 72

Type IV and V collagens were localized in neurofibromas from six patients with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (NF) using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. The collagens were also isolated from neurofibromas by pepsin digestion and fractionating salt precipitations and demonstrated with sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Staining reactions for both collagens were detected in most of the cells in the disorganized NF tumor tissue. These cells also were S-100 protein-positive and were considered to be of Schwannian cell origin, while the type IV collagen-negative cells showed fibroblastoid, mast cell and histiocytic characteristics. Type IV collagen detection was also used to study the structure of a neurofibroma after 3 weeks in tissue culture. The proportion of fibroblastoid, type IV collagen-negative cells increased significantly in the cultured neurofibromas and "buds" containing solely fibroblastoid cells were seen at the periphery of the tumor fragments. Cultured 6th passage tumor cells produced type V but no type IV collagen as estimated with SDS-PAGE. Further, two malignant Schwannomas from a patient with NF were stained with antibodies to type IV collagen. A positive staining reaction was associated only with the vascular walls in the malignant Schwannomas suggesting that type IV collagen expression is linked with cell differentiation. The present data show that the detection of type IV collagen using the PAP-method is useful in studying the organization of tumors with mixed cell populations such as neurofibromas. Large neurofibromas might also serve as a source for the isolation of human type IV and V collagens.
 ...
PMID:Type IV and V collagens in von Recklinghausen's neurofibromas. An immunohistochemical and electrophoretical study. 615 10

Cytochemical methods for the localization of glycoconjugates including concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase (ConA-HRP) and dialysed iron were used to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in mast cell granules during degranulation. The ConA-HRP method revealed intense staining of discharged mast cell granules. Dialysed iron staining was seen at the granule periphery, with extruded granules exhibiting more intense staining than undischarged granules.
 ...
PMID:Cytochemical localization of glycoconjugates in rat peritoneal mast cells during degranulation. 616 71

Bone marrow-derived (colony-stimulating factor [CSF]-dependent) diffuse colonies have been shown to include colonies with cytotoxic activity. Such diffuse colonies were expanded for 6-8 weeks in liquid culture medium in the presence of pokeweed mitogen- or concanavalin A-conditioned spleen cell medium (CM). The morphology of the expanded diffuse colony cells (EDCC) was like that of early myelocytic cells. EDCC lost their cytotoxic capacity when expanded, but the cytotoxicity could be reinduced by pretreatment of the colonies with interferon or phorbol ester. Traditional sources of mouse or human CSF such as lung CM, placenta CM and human mononuclear cell CM did not support proliferation of EDCC, whereas partly purified interleukin-3 (IL-3), lacking CSF and IL-2, was stimulatory for EDCC. Thus, the stimulatory factor for EDCC was not CSF but a factor closely related to IL-3. Monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocytes or macrophages did not bind to EDCC. EDCC did not have Fc receptors, but 10% of the cells were positive for a monoclonal anti-Ia antibody. All EDCC were positive for alpha NAE and NASDCI esterases but negative for acid and alkaline phosphatases and peroxidase reactivity; less than 2% of the cells showed metachromatic staining with toluidine. Ultrastructurally, EDCC showed various degrees of cell differentiation but absence of specific cytoplasmatic characteristics such as neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic and mast cell granules. Current work aims to define factors and conditions necessary for the induction of differentiation in these immature monomyelocytic cells.
 ...
PMID:Expanded progeny cells of diffuse cytotoxic bone marrow-derived colonies. 618 13

Ultrastructural, ultracytochemical, immunologic and biochemical studies were performed on leukaemic cells from 41 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukaemia; 28 patients were in blast transformation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia and 13 patients presented with 'acute' leukaemia. The patients were divided into two morphologic groups, lymphoid (16 cases) and myeloid (25 cases), on the basis of light microscopy and cytochemistry. All lymphoid cases studied for the presence of CALLA (10 patients) and TdT (11 patients) were positive. Two of 13 myeloid cases studied were TdT positive. The blasts from 10 of 16 lymphoid cases contained immature basophil/mast cell granules on ultrastructural examination. Peroxidase-positive 'lymphoid' blasts were noted in three of seven patients studied by ultracytochemical techniques. The reactivity was primarily confined to granular structures. Of the 25 cases in the myeloid group, blasts from 14 cases showed basophil/mast cell differentiation, nine cases showed neutrophil/monocyte features, and two cases were megakaryoblastic. Distinct patterns of ultrastructural peroxidase positivity were seen in the seven myeloid cases studied. In basophil/mast cell precursors the reactivity was primarily confined to granules; neutrophil precursors showed reactivity in the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), golgi and granules; in megakaryoblasts, only the nuclear envelope and RER were positive while the granules were consistently negative.
 ...
PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukaemia: ultrastructural and ultracytochemical evidence of basophil and mast cell differentiation. 629 77

An intense and reproducible peroxidase staining in the cutaneous mast cells of two patients with systemic mast cell disease and urticaria pigmentosa is demonstrated at the ultrastructural level. This enzyme activity was demonstrated by use of a cytochemical technique employing 3,3'- diaminobenzicine (DAB) as an oxidizable substrate, after fixation by a tannic acid-aldehyde mixture. Enzyme activity was localized in the perinuclear cisterna and strands of endoplasmic reticulum. Granules appeared unreactive. This peroxidase activity appears sensitive to fixation by aldehydes; it is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) and by lack of H2O2 or DAB in the incubation medium. These characteristics are fundamentally different from the peroxidase activity of basophils, and the demonstration of this enzyme is therefore not a further argument for a common ontogenetic origin of both cells. On the other hand, the cytochemical characteristics of this enzyme are very similar to those of platelet peroxidase (P-PO), which has been connected to the synthesis by platelets of prostaglandins. Since the mast cell is known to generate prostaglandins, the relationship between the enzyme described and prostaglandin synthesis by mast cells is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Peroxidase activity in human cutaneous mast cells: an ultrastructural demonstration. 632 7

Six patients exhibiting severe pancytopenia or overt leukemia associated with myelofibrosis after chemotherapy for malignant disease have been investigated by immunologic techniques and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Initially, five patients displayed severe thrombocytopenia contrasting with mild neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsies showed a clear megakaryocytic proliferation and an excess of immature mononuclear cells. The demonstration of peroxidase activities at the ultrastructural level and immunofluorescence labeling with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including an antiplatelet glycoprotein Ib and an antiglycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, on blood or marrow cells, permitted identification of otherwise unidentifiable promegakaryoblastic proliferation. In two patients, the use of an immunoperoxidase technique with an antifactor VIII-R-Ag antibody has allowed direct confirmation of this diagnosis on bone marrow sections. This megakaryoblastic proliferation was not pure and was variably associated with blasts of other cell lines (erythroblasts or myeloblasts). Changes in the population of blasts were observed during evolution in two patients. The sixth patient had a mild thrombocytopenia associated with severe neutropenia and anemia. Bone marrow biopsy displayed a myelofibrosis and immature cells, without megakaryocytic proliferation. Ultrastructural study revealed a pure basophil-mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, in five of six patients with secondary acute leukemia associated with myelofibrosis, a proliferation of promegakaryoblasts was demonstrated using both immunofluorescent and ultrastructural cytochemical techniques.
 ...
PMID:Therapy-related leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. Blast cell characterization in six cases. 638 Jul 2

Heme-containing peroxidases have been demonstrated both biochemically and cytochemically in a variety of cells that either reside in the respiratory tract or circulate through it via the vasculature. The peroxidases in neutrophils and eosinophils have long been known to function in lung defense through their participation in an antimicrobial system involving hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions. Recent studies indicate that this system is also toxic to tumor cells and, as such, it may have a protective or mitigative effect on tumor formation in the lung. Eosinophil peroxidase may be involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the lung because of its secretory effect on mast cells. Platelets contain peroxidases, but how they function is unknown. Whether peroxidase occurs in lymphocytes is controversial, but until more compelling evidence is presented they should be considered peroxidase-negative. A number of cells indigenous to the respiratory tract contain peroxidase activity, but there is considerable variability among species as to its presence and amount. When careful consideration is given to fixation and incubation conditions, peroxidase can be demonstrated cytochemically in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of some endothelial cells and type II cells of certain rodents, but its physiological role is speculative. The alveolar macrophages of most species possess little or no peroxidase activity apart from catalase which can function as a peroxidase under certain conditions. Mast cells in the respiratory tract contain peroxidase, but it is more easily demonstrated biochemically than cytochemically. The function of mast cell peroxidase is unknown, but two hypotheses worthy of investigation are its possible role in modulation of atopic allergic reactions and involvement in an antitumor defense mechanism similar to that of myeloperoxidase. Peroxidase is most abundant in the secretory cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium and glands where, in a number of species, it is synthesized and secreted as a component of mucus. Its possible contribution to lung defense is discussed in view of its morphologic similarity to the antibacterial peroxidase of milk and saliva. Because of the ease with which peroxidases can be demonstrated cytochemically, it is not surprising that morphologic information regarding their distribution in the respiratory tract has greatly exceeded insights into their functional significance. It is hoped that advancements in cell dissociation and culture, along with biochemical isolation and purification techniques, will lead to definitive conclusions concerning their physiologic roles in lung metabolism and defense.
 ...
PMID:The distribution and function of peroxidases in the respiratory tract. 638 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>