Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polypeptide VII of cytochrome c oxidase was isolated and purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10 in 10% acetic acid. Automatic Edman degradation of this peptide chain was not successful, because it is blocked at the N-terminus. The amino acid analysis shows a relatively high content of hydrophilic residues (54%). On the basis of this analysis and the apparent molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, a chain length of about 80 residues was calculated. Among the tryptic peptides one blocked heptapeptide was found. Cleavage of this peptide with thermolysin gave two peptide fragments, one of which was not retained on a cation exchange resin. Mass spectrometric sequence determination of this peptide revealed the structure Ac-Ala-Glu-Asp for the N-terminus of polypeptide VII. Treatment with carboxypeptidase A at two different pH values showed that the C-terminal amino acid is isoleucine and the penultimate amino acid is lysine.
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PMID:Studies on cytochrome c oxidase, VII. Isolation and chemical characterization of polypeptide VII. 22 66

1 Cinnarizine, an inhibitor of calcium ion transport across smooth muscle cell membrane, has been shown to exert an anti-asthmatic effect in patients with chronic asthma. 2 It is postulated that antagonism to calcium ion transport across the mast cell membrane may cause the compound to have a pharmacological effect similar to sodium cromoglycate. 3 Cinnarizine is orally active and its therapeutic effect is demonstrated in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo controlled study. 4 Patient benefit was shown by a significant improvement in peak flow rate. A non-significant trend towards a reduction in symptomatic bronchodilator usage and a decrease in asthma symptom score was also shown. 5 It is concluded that cinnarizine could well prove to be the first of a new family of anti-asthmatic drugs offering a protective effect when taken systemically.
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PMID:Cinnarizine in the treatment of chronic asthma. 36 14

Microtubules from the cow adrenal cortex and brain were purified by three cycles of the temperature-dependent polymerization-depolymerization procedure. Whereas tubulin comprised approximately 8--10% of soluble brain protein, it comprised only 0.5-1.0% of the soluble adrenocortical protein. The partially purified tubulin from both sources gave similar results in the following studies: (1) [3H]colchicine binding examined by Scatchard analysis revealed an apparent Ka of 1 . 10(6) M-1 and a colchicine/tubulin molar binding ratio of 0.4-0.6; (2) tyrosylation studies using a specific tubulin-tyrosine ligase (which adds a tyrosine residue to the C-terminal glutamate or glutamine of the alpha-chain) in conjunction with carboxypeptidase A (which recovers the tyrosine) and (3) amino acid analysis. Examination of protein bands, in addition to the tubulin doublet of 55 000 molecular weight, on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a difference between the two tubulin preparations. The adrenocortical preparation had protein bands corresponding to apparent molecular weight of 36 000, 60 000, and 68 000. In contrast the brain preparation had only proteins of molecular weights greater than 200 000 (these bands were absent in all adrenal preparations). It would thus appear that if proteins which copurify with tubulin through repeated cycles of polymerization-depolymerization play a role in either microtubule formation or function there is a distinct difference between neural and non-neural tissue.
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PMID:Purification of bovine adrenocortical and brain tubulin. A comparative study. 50 97

Severe respiratory distress developed in a patient after ingestion of two tablets of erythromycin (Erythrocin) stearate. Complete atelectasis of the left lung was found. The patient was treated intravenously with 200 mg of prednisolone sodium tetrahydrophthalate. On the same day the patient's condition improved dramatically and repeated chest roentgenograms disclosed an almost complete expansion of the atelectatic lung. Using the indirect mast cell degranulation test and the inhibition of direct mast cell degranulation test, we have shown the presence of IgE and non-IgE antibodies (heat stable) against erythromycin. This suggests that an allergic reaction of type 1 and type 3 participated in the course of the clinical picture.
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PMID:Acute respiratory distress caused by erythromycin hypersensitivity. 66 83

Allergic asthma is caused by antigen reaction with IgE fixed to mast cells of the bronchi. The reaction causes release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis and histamine, which cause bronchial constriction. Prophylactic treatment includes avoidance of antigens, desensitization and use of cromolyn sodium. The latter appears to impede release of chemical mediators by the mast cell. Although of no value during an acute attack, this agent reduces attacks and reduces the need for other drugs in patients with severe perennial asthma.
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PMID:Approaches to asthma management. 80 65

This report concerns itself with additional experimental evidence to support the immunologic concept for the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy, using the mast cell as an index of immunological activity. In a previous experimental study, we postulated that degranulation of mast cells activated by complement or specific allergens with release of histamine and other substances may be the mechanism leading to nerve edema, ischemia, and paralysis. In this study we observed a loss of granulated mast cells in the more severely damaged facial nerves of immunized dogs after the intrafallopian canal injection of various substances, in contrast with the relative abundance of these cells in nerves that showed little or no evidence of injury. In addition, we demonstrated that cromolyn sodium, a mast cell degranulation inhibitor, when infused intravenously at the time of the intrafacial canal injection of horse serum, very effectively lessened the degree of experimental paralysis and histologic nerve injury.
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PMID:Immunological concept for Bell's palsy: further experimental study. 86 31

Undegraded 19-S thyroglobulin was purified from hog, ox, man, dog, sheep and rat thyroid glands. Sodium dodecylsulfate/ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reduced proteins showed that all are formed of peptide chains of molecular weight about 330000. Carboxypeptidase A digestion of porcine 19-S thyroglobulin released consecutively two moles of leucine and then two moles of serine, thus offering strong evidence in favour of the idea that the protein is formed of two identical chains. The same C-terminal amino acids were detected in sheep, ox, dog and man thyroglobulins. No N-terminal amino acid was found by appropriate chemical and enzymatic techniques. Porcine 27-S iodoprotein was shown by carboxypeptidase A analysis to be formed of four single-stranded 330000-Mr subunits identical to those constituting the 19-S protein. Identity, both qualitatively and quantitatively, of the peptides obtained by CNBr cleavage of the two proteins as shown by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has confirmed this conclusion. Since 19-S and 27-S thyroid iodoproteins are formed of two and four probably identical chains, they must be termed 19-S and 27-S thyroglobulins or alternatively thyroglobulin dimer and tetramer, respectively.
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PMID:Polypeptide chains of 19-S thyroglobulin from several mammalian species and of porcine 27-S iodoprotein. 91 16

Mast cell granules free of a surrounding membrane were isolated from water-lysed rat peritoneal and thoracic mast cells by differential centrifugation. The granules were depleted of their histamine by suspension in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer and the sodium-charged granules then converted into the "hydrogen form" by repeated washing in slightly acid deionized water. The cation exchanger properties of the mast cell granules were investigated by testing the applicability of the Rothmund-Kornfeld equation for cation exchangers to the binding of Na+ and Hi+ ions to granule sites. The results lend further support to the view that the mast cell granule acts as a cation exchanger with the exchanger function localized to protein carboxyls in the protein-heparin complex of the granule matrix.
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PMID:On the cation exchanger properties of rat mast cell granules and their storage of histamine. 92 Feb 2

AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rat muscle. The preparation exhibits a single polypeptide band with a molecular weight of 60,000 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 11.3 S. Analysis by sedimentation equilibrium techniques showed the nat-ive enzyme to have a molecular weight of 238,000, whereas the enzyme, when analyzed in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, had a molecular weight of only 59,500. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined and peptide mapping was performed on a tryptic digest of S-carboxymethylated enzyme. NH2-terminal analysis by both the dansylation and cyanate procedures failed to identify a free NH2 terminus. Treatment of the enzyme with carboxypeptidase A resulted in the release of approximately 0.5 mol each of valine and leucine per 60,000 g of enzyme. The data presented indicate that hte native enzyme has a tetrameric structure consisting of four polypeptide chains each having a molecular weight of 60,000. The COOH-terminal analysis can be interpreted either as an indication of subunit heterogeneity or as a result of incomplete digestion of a -X-Leu-Val sequence at the end of a single type of polypeptide chain. Tryptic peptide maps strongly support the latter interpretation and suggest that the subunits are essentially identical.
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PMID:Rat muscle 5'-adenylic acid aminohydrolase. I. Purification and subunit structure. 115 74

Pulmonary edema and plasma kininogen consumption caused by intravenously administered adrenaline, were inhibited in rats pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid, but not in rats pretreated with indomethacin or sodium salicylate. The possibility of a connection between this edema and mast cell-linked activation of kallikrein by adrenaline is discussed, as well as the possible role of acetylsalicylic acid acting as an acetylating inhibitor of these processes.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary edema and plasma kininogen consumption in the adrenaline-treated rat: inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid and resistance to salicylate and indomethacin. 116 Oct 51


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