Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pancytopenia after intramuscular iron-dextran treatment occurred in an infant with Down's syndrome. Haematological abnormalities recurred on subsequent challenge. Positive migration inhibiting factor and mast cell degranulation tests support an allergic pathogenesis for the pancytopenia. These side effects have not been reported previously.
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PMID:Pancytopenia caused by iron-dextran. 293 72

Synthetic lysinoalanine (LAL) may be a more effective inhibitor of the zinc-containing enzyme carboxypeptidase A than is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The enzyme is also inactivated by alkali-treated, lysinoalanine-containing food proteins such as casein, high-lysine corn protein, lactalbumin, soy protein isolate, and wheat gluten, and by alkali-treated zein, which contains no lysinoalanine. Zinc sulfate regenerates only part of the enzymatic activity after exposure to the treated proteins. The extent of inhibition increases with protein concentration and time of treatment. Any inhibition due to phytate is distinct from that due to the treatment. Phenylethylaminoalanine (PEAA), derived from biogenic phenylethylamine, inhibited enzymatic activity of the metalloenzyme carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The inhibition was maximal at pH 7.0 in the pH range 7 to 8.5. The extent of inhibition increased with time of treatment and PEAA concentration. N-acetyl-PEAA did not inhibit the enzyme, suggesting that the free alpha-NH2 group is required for inhibition. PEAA, LAL, sodium phytate, and cysteine also inactivated the copper enzyme, polyphenol, oxidase (tyrosinase) which plays a major role in enzymatic (oxidative) browning of foods. Analogous comparative studies with LAL, EDTA, and sodium phytate suggest that the potency of PEAA as an inhibitor of CPA is similar to that of sodium phytate, and that of the four compounds tested, PEAA is least effective against tyrosinase. Related studies of the iron and copper containing enzyme cytochrome C oxidase showed that EDTA was not inhibitory, PEAA was slightly inhibitory, and LAL and sodium phytate were stronger inhibitors. Mechanistic explanations are offered to account for some of these observations. The possible relevance of these findings to in vivo protein digestion, enzymatic (oxidative) browning of foods, and the mechanism of the lysinoalanine effect on kidney cells are also discussed.
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PMID:Inactivation of metalloenzymes by lysinoalanine, phenylethylaminoalanine, alkali-treated food proteins, and sulfur amino acids. 302 44

Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (pyrocatechase) has been purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas putida mt-2. Most properties of this enzyme, such as the absorption spectrum, iron content, pH stability, pH optimum, substrate specificity, Km values, and amino acid composition, were similar to those of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase obtained from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1 [Y. Kojima et al. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3270-3278]. These two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases were also found, from the results of Ouchterlony double diffusion, to share several antigenic determinants. The molecular weight of the putida enzyme was estimated to be 66,000 and 64,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, respectively. The enzyme gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, corresponding to Mr 32,000. The NH2-terminal sequence, which started with threonine, was determined up to 30 residues by Edman degradation. During the degradation, a single amino acid was released at each step. The NH2-terminal sequence up to 20 residues was identical to that of the beta subunit of the arvilla enzyme, with one exception at step 16, at which arginine was observed instead of glutamine. The COOH-terminal residue was deduced to be arginine on carboxypeptidase A and B digestions and on hydrazinolysis. These results indicate that the putida enzyme consists of two identical subunits, in contrast to the arvilla enzyme which consists of two nonidentical subunits, alpha and beta [C. Nakai et al. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 195, 12-22], although these two enzymes have very similar properties.
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PMID:Purification and properties of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (pyrocatechase) from Pseudomonas putida mt-2 in comparison with that from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1. 321 77

The distribution of iron and mycobacteria was examined in the intestinal tract of ruminants with naturally-occurring M. paratuberculosis infection and compared with mycobacterial infections in several species. This distribution was compared with that of iron in chronic lesions caused by other microbial or parasitic agents. In the clinical form of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep and goats there was marked lymphangiectasis and a high proportion of the granulomatous lesions contained siderotic macrophages with a high mycobacterial content. In cattle with preclinical lesions of granulomatous enteropathy, the greatest number of acid-fast organisms was present in siderotic, non-differentiated, ileo-caecal macrophages; concurrent mast cell-associated allergic enteropathy was also apparent in the duodenum, proximal and mid-ileum of most animals. In paratuberculosis-affected herds, a high proportion of non-productive cows were without classical granulomatous change but had cultural or immunological evidence of M. paratuberculosis infection and similar allergic catarrhal enteropathy of the upper intestinal tract. Interstitial haemorrhage of the ileocaecal valve, with the accumulation of haemosiderin and ferritin in undifferentiated macrophages was observed in some of these cattle and also in others with experimentally-induced copper deficiency and acute ostertagiasis. Colonisation of the ileo-caecal or caecal glandular crypts by large, apparently saprophytic acid-fast organisms indicated regional tolerance to such organisms in all cattle. In other mycobacterioses such as bovine or avian tuberculosis, undifferentiated, siderotic macrophages containing mycobacteria were also seen in early granulomas, but epithelioid and giant cell differentiation invariably led to the disappearance of intracellular iron and a reduction in mycobacterial numbers. In possums in which epithelioid and giant cells did not occur in response to M. bovis infection, siderosis persisted in many macrophages and overwhelming mycobacterial multiplication occurred. These studies indicate that, in most infections with mycobacteria, differentiation of macrophages radically reverses their iron acquisitive properties, creating an intracellular environment unsuitable for mycobacterial multiplication. It seems likely that allergically mediated microvascular haemorrhage, local tolerance of commensal mycobacteria and attenuation of the macrophage siderosis reversal mechanism provide unique conditions for early, uninhibited, intracellular multiplication of M. paratuberculosis in the ileo-caecal valve of certain mature ruminants.
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PMID:Intracellular iron storage and the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. Comparative studies with other mycobacterial, parasitic or infectious conditions of veterinary importance. 334 90

We have measured skin mast cell numbers, circulating basophils and whole blood histamine in 13 patients with polycythaemia vera. Itching was present in nine cases and correlated well with the numbers of skin mast cells but not with circulating basophils or whole blood histamine. Immediate relief of pruritus was achieved with aspirin, and myelosuppressive therapy was useful for long-term control of symptoms. Neither histamine (H1 or H2) antagonists nor iron replacement therapy were effective forms of treatment. The findings suggest that mast cell prostaglandins are an important factor in the pathogenesis of pruritus and that local vascular responses may trigger mast cell degranulation.
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PMID:Skin mast cells in polycythaemia vera: relationship to the pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus. 381 12

A surgical case of a middle-aged Japanese with eosinophilic gastroenteritis is described. This 50-year-old man presented protein-losing gastroenteropathy, iron-deficiency anemia, and marked elevation of serum IgE, in whom the lesion formed a diffuse thickening of almost the entire portion of the stomach. Microscopically, there was an intense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the whole thickness of the gastric wall, interspersed with plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the affected area, an increased number of IgE-positive plasma cells and surface IgE-positive mast cells, some of which are degranulated, were identified. These immunohistochemical findings provide a strong evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy concerning this disorder.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Immunohistochemical evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy. 389 14

1. Crystalline myoglobin was isolated from the skeletal muscle of the finback whale and fractionated, in its cyanmet form, into nine components (I-IX) by chromatography on CM-cellulose. Also in the cyanmet form, it was resolved into six components by electrophoresis on starch gel. Correspondence between the electrophoretic and chromatographic components was determined, and interconversion between components revealed by chromatography and electrophoresis. 2. The chromatographic myoglobin components were homogeneous in the ultra-centrifuge. Molecular weights of certain components were determined by means of sedimentation equilibrium and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Values from these two methods corresponded to the minimum molecular weight calculated from the iron content. 3. The spectral properties of the chromatographic components were investigated in the visible and the ultraviolet ranges. 4. The major components of finback-whale myoglobin and sperm-whale myoglobin showed almost identical spectral, electrophoretic and chromatographic behaviours, but had different infrared spectra. The infrared spectra of the corresponding apoproteins were almost identical. 5. Rabbit antisera to sperm-whale myoglobin component X cross-reacted with finback-whale myoglobin components V, VI and VII only about 30%. 6. The major chromatographic components of finback-whale myoglobin have identical amino acid compositions. The polypeptide chain contains 151 amino acid residues and its molecular weight is 17504. 7. The N-terminal end of the chain is: [Formula: see text] Amino acids released from myoglobin by the action of carboxypeptidase A at different intervals were determined.
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PMID:Studies on myoglobin from the finback whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Preparation, physicochemical and immunochemical characterization, differentiation from sperm-whale myoglobin, amino acid composition and end-terminal analyses. 495 75

Rat mast cells fixed in Carnoy's fluid were stained with iron alum-Alcian Blue--Safranin solution after pre-treatment with strong electrolyte solutions including acids, neutral salts and alkalis. Although both red and blue mast cells were observed without pre-treatment, most mast cells were stained blue and a few red when they were stained after the pre-treatment. Mast cell granules contain salt complexes formed between basic proteins and acidic polysaccharides through ionic linkages between protein basic groups and polysaccharide sulphate and carboxylic acid groups. It is suggested that when sections are treated with strong electrolyte solutions, complexes are broken by disruption of ionic linkages and sulphate and carboxylic acid groups of polysaccharides masked by basic proteins become available for binding Alcian Blue. This was confirmed by model experiments performed with smears of a heparin-lysozyme complex. When mast cells were fixed in aldehyde-containing fixatives, no effects of strong electrolyte solutions on the staining properties of mast cell granules were revealed.
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PMID:Effects of strong electrolytes on the iron alum--Alcian Blue--Safranin staining of mast cell granules of the rat. 616 Jan 27

Cytochemical methods for the localization of glycoconjugates including concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase (ConA-HRP) and dialysed iron were used to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in mast cell granules during degranulation. The ConA-HRP method revealed intense staining of discharged mast cell granules. Dialysed iron staining was seen at the granule periphery, with extruded granules exhibiting more intense staining than undischarged granules.
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PMID:Cytochemical localization of glycoconjugates in rat peritoneal mast cells during degranulation. 616 71

To explore the effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on gastrointestinal structure and absorption, the cases of 12 homosexual men with the syndrome and 11 homosexual controls were studied. Seven patients had diarrhea with weight loss. Bacterial or parasitic infections were not detected. All patients were malnourished; had significantly fewer T-lymphocyte helper and suppressor cells; and had significantly lower body weights, midarm circumferences, serum albumin concentrations, and iron binding capacities than homosexual controls. D-Xylose malabsorption and steatorrhea were present in patients, especially those with diarrhea. Jejunal and rectal biopsy samples were histologically abnormal in all patients with diarrhea. Jejunal abnormalities included partial villus atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Rectal abnormalities included intranuclear viral inclusions, mast cell infiltration in the lamina propria, and focal cell degeneration near the crypt base. The histologic findings suggest that a specific pathologic process occurs in the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon in some patients with the syndrome.
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PMID:Enteropathy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 647 31


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