Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A practical, simple synthesis of the obsolete mordant dye, phenocyanin, was devised, proceding from gallocyanin and resorcinol with acid and heat. The dye gave promise of good performance in metachrome iron mixtures, but because of excessive precipitation, the practice of afterchroming was taken from textile dyeing usage, and proved very successful. Of a number of metallic salts tried, Fe II proved to be the best, then Cu II and Fe III. The stain acts as a cationic dye on nucleic acids and other acidic tissue components: acid mucins, cartilage, mast cells, corpora amylacea, etc. The afterchroming process renders the stain much more resistant to various extraction agents and even moderately resistant to acid alcohol. Color values are quite comparable to those obtained with hematoxylin-eosin when an eosin counterstain is used. Nuclei basophilic cytoplasm, Nissl granules, and bacteria color dark blue; cartilage, mast cells, and some acid mucins, deep violet. Staining with the 1% solution was essentially unaltered from neutrality down to 1.2 N HCl, pH 0.68, and dilution of the dye to 0.05% in 1% conc. HCl (pH 1.2) still gave excellent nuclear, RNA, and mast-cell staining. At 0.02% and pH 1.2, nuclear staining was distinctly weakened; mast cell granules were still dark violet.
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PMID:Hematoxylin substitutes. A study of phenocyanin TC and the use of afterchrome mordanting in histology. 5 6

The high iron diamine (HID) method has been found to impart density at the ultrastructural level selectively to sites known to contain sulphated complex carbohydrates. Thus, immature primary granules in rabbit heterophils, immature precrystalloid granules in rabbit eosinophils, all granules of rabbit basophils, mouse and rat mast cells and the nucleoids of alpha-granules of rabbit platelets were stained by HID. Granules of mast cells in rat cervical lymph node varied in the distribution pattern of the HID-reactive component. Mucous droplets within goblets of mouse colonic epithelial cells varied in HID reactivity. Sites known to contain sialomucin but no sulphates, such as mucous cells and apical plasmalemmae in mouse rectosigmoid colon, failed to stain with HID in contrast to their reactivity of dialysed iron at the ultrastructural level. The surface of mast cells and blood cells lacked affinity for HID, indicating that the dialysed iron binding at the surfaces can be attributed to neuraminic acid. HID proved more effective than dialysed iron in visualizing acid mucosubstance in precursor forms of the crystalloid granules in the eosinophil and in mast cell granules. Inclusion of 0.5% glycerol in the HID solution enhanced staining in mouse colon.
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PMID:Ultrastructural visualization of sulphated complex carbohydrates in blood and epithelial cells with the high iron diamine procedure. 7 22

Comparison of various chloroplast-type ferredoxin sequences, chemical and enzymic modifications, reconstitution experiments, and fluorescence measurement of chloroplast-type ferredoxins have led to the following conclusions. 1. Tyrosine, histidine, and tryptophan residues are not directly involved in the oxidation-reduction mechanism of ferredoxins. The four indispensible cysteine residues in spinach ferredoxin which constitutes a part of the iron-sulfur cluster are located at residues 39, 44. 47 and 77. Two out of six cysteine residues in Spirulina ferredoxin could be easily modified with vinylpyridine without the loss of reconstitutive ability i.e. the apoferredoxin could be converted to the holoform by the addition of iron and sulfide. 2. Spinach ferredoxin was digested with carboxypeptidase A and the terminal alanine could be removed without loss of the spectral properties of native ferredoxin. However, the removal of the terminal three residues gave rise to the loss of reconstitutive ability. 3. The amino groups of spinach ferredoxin were modified by acetic anhydride and four residues were acetylated. The acetylated preparation of ferredoxin had an unique spectrum. Upon the addition of high concentration of ions the spectrum of this derivative resembled the spectrum of native ferredoxin. Acetylferredoxin did not combine with ferredoxin-NADP reductase, but upon the addition of moderate concentrations of cations, it did bind to this enzyme.
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PMID:Structure and function of chloroplast-type ferredoxins. 78 73

1. Intradermal or subplantar injection of soluble snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) evoked a brisk inflammatory response, with cutaneous vascular permeability increase and paw oedema. 2. These inflammatory processes are mainly the result of arachidonic acid cascade activation and mast cell degranulation. 3. Copper, iron and zinc have an inhibitory effect on vascular permeability increase and paw oedema induced by PLA2. 4. Copper and iron could have not only a direct effect on PLA2 but on enzymes of arachidonic acid cascade. 5. However, zinc have a moderate antiinflammatory activity. This effect could be the result to inhibit PLA2 induced mast cell degranulation.
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PMID:Effects of copper, iron and zinc on oedema formation induced by phospholipase A2. 135 48

The number of mast cells in the skin was evaluated in 25 patients with end-stage renal failure on different treatment modality (conservative, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). According to the presence of pruritus, uremic patients were divided into two groups: group A, 13 patients with diffuse pruritus, and group B, 12 patients without pruritus. Controls were 6 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. In comparison with patients without pruritus, patients with pruritus had mainly degranulated, diffusely spread and more numerous mast cells in the skin; significantly higher levels of plasma middle molecular weight substances, serum histamine and PTH and significantly lower serum iron levels. However, no differences were noted in observed parameters between groups on different treatment modalities. Favorable therapeutic effects in patients with pruritus were achieved either with iron supplementation in those with hypoferremia or with antihistamines, mast cell membrane stabilizers and high-permeability membranes.
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PMID:Uremic pruritus and skin mast cells. 152 40

Epon sections from glutaraldehyde-fixed rat bone marrow were treated with aqueous solutions of the following electron contrasting agents: uranyl acetate, ruthenium red, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, stannous chloride, palladium (II) chloride, sodium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, molybdenum heteropolyblue, phosphotungstic acid, iron(II)-phenanthroline, aluminium-hematoxylin, mercurochrome, cuprolinic blue, and sirius light turquoise blue. At the ultrastructural level, a high degree of electron opacity was always observed in mast cell granules and the crystalline inclusion (internum) of eosinophil granules. The chromatin revealed a somewhat lower and variable contrasting reaction, while the matrix (externum) of eosinophil granules appeared with scarce or no contrast. This pattern of electron opacity showed no correlation with the type of agent used; therefore, it can be assumed that binding processes based on the own chemical reactivity of the compounds are rather of secondary importance. The differential epoxy resin embedding of cell structures and the variable access of aqueous reagents through the non-polar plastic could be the predominant factors which account for these contrasting reactions.
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PMID:Observations on the contrasting reaction of some electron dense stains applied on epoxy-embedded tissue sections. 169 66

The proteoglycan of the mast cells from human testes was analyzed using histochemical techniques. Testicular biopsies were obtained from 50 with idiopathic male infertility, 13 with obstructive azoospermia, 6 with varicocele and 14 normal men. To identify the proteoglycan, nitrous acid treatment and chondroitinase ABC digestion were carried out in addition to specific staining procedures using Alcian Blue pH 1.0 and high iron diamine. In all clinical groups, the mast cells which contained heparin were predominant. However, in the idiopathic male infertility group, the mast cells which contained chondroitin sulfate increased significantly. This type of mast cells were rarely seen in normal testicular tissue, whereas in the testes of patients with idiopathic male infertility, 20 percent or more mast cells contained chondroitin sulfate. This observation demonstrates that a change in mast cell subclass occurs in the testes of the patients with idiopathic male infertility and implies that the mast cells play an important role in the etiology of this disorder.
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PMID:[A histochemical study of testicular mast cells from patients with male infertility]. 190 29

Catalase is a characteristic enzyme of peroxisomes. To study the molecular mechanisms of the biogenesis of peroxisomes and catalase in a less complex system than rat liver cells, we expressed recombinant rat catalase in Escherichia coli, which has no peroxisomes. The concentration of recombinant catalase produced in E. coli transformed with the expression vector carrying the complete coding region of rat catalase cDNA was about 0.1% of the total soluble protein. The recombinant catalase was purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography followed by acidic ethanol precipitations. The properties of rat liver catalase and those of the recombinant were similar with respect to molecular mass, catalytic properties, profiles of absorption spectra, and iron contents. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified recombinant catalase, as determined by Edman degradation, was in complete agreement with the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of rat catalase cDNA, except that the first initiator methionine was not detected. The COOH-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by carboxypeptidase A digestion and the sequence, -Ala-Asn-Leu-OH, matched the predicted COOH-terminal amino acid sequence of rat catalase. Recombinant rat catalase gave almost the same multiple protein bands on native polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing as observed with authentic rat liver catalase.
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PMID:Purification and properties of recombinant rat catalase produced in Escherichia coli. 220 16

A nitrous acid procedure has been shown to lead to the elimination of N-sulphates in sections of a series of tissues containing sulphated glycoconjugates. Two groups of sulphated glycoconjugate-containing tissues were used; one contained N-sulphates and other was devoid of such groupings. In the first group of tissues, mast cells of different origins and renal glomeruli in the rat were employed. Xiphoid and tracheal cartilage matrix, submandibular and sublingual gland acini and gastric, duodenal and colonic mucosae were used in the second group. Sections were treated with nitrous acid and then stained with Alcian Blue pH 1.0, high iron diamine or Aldehyde Fuchsin for sulphated glycoconjugates. Such treatment was found to diminish the staining intensities exclusively in N-sulphated glycoconjugate-containing structures such as mast cell granules and renal glomerular basement membrane, providing a means of chemically eliminating N-sulphates of glycoconjugates in tissues.
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PMID:A nitrous acid procedure as a selective histochemical means of eliminating the N-sulphates of glycoconjugates. 248 68

The interaction of exogenous Cu(II) with stable T-state Ni(II)- and Cu(II)-reconstituted hemoglobins has been studied. The relative binding affinities for the two human hemoglobin Cu(II) binding sites are found to be reversed in these hemoglobins relative to native iron(II) hemoglobin A. Nickel hemoglobin, modified by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), iodoacetamide, and carboxypeptidase A, is used to establish that the observed differences can be attributed to the protein quaternary conformation and not to the metal substitution. Magnetic interactions between the Cu(II) responsible for oxidation and the metal-heme center suggest that the Cu(II) is closer to the heme in T-state hemoglobin than R-state hemoglobin. This finding suggests a pathway for T-state heme oxidation which does not require the beta-93 sulfhydryl group, consistent with rapid Cu(II) oxidation for NEM-reacted deoxyhemoglobin.
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PMID:Interaction of copper(II) with hemoglobins in the unliganded conformation. 281 56


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