Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic Sclerosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by sclerosis of the skin and visceral organs, vasculopathy (Raynaud's phenomenon) and autoantibodies. The criteria for the classification of the disease requires either proximal scleroderma (major criteria) or the presence of 2 of the 3 minor features namely sclerodactyly, digital pitting scars and bibasilar pulmonary fibrosis. There are 3 subsets of this condition--diffuse variant, limited variant (CREST syndrome) and Overlap Syndrome (where patients have features of other rheumatic diseases). There are localized forms of scleroderma and pseudoscleroderma states. The presenting features of Systemic Sclerosis are usually Raynaud's, skin changes and arthralgia. Systemic complaints like breathlessness, dyspepsia, etc depending on the organ involved may be present. Management starts with patient education regarding the disease, skin care, exercises and regular medical check-up. There is no miracle cure but much can be done to improve the quality of life of the patient. Nifedepine and other drugs may improve Raynaud's phenomenon. Drugs can be used to treat other complications. Various medication have been tested as disease modifying drugs for scleroderma. These include drugs which inhibit collagen like D-penicillamine, colchicine, and immunosupressive drugs like cyclosporin. Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer has been reported to be effective in scleroderma. As it is a relatively safe drug, clinical trials are underway.
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PMID:Systemic sclerosis. 162 Nov 27

We examined the conditions, kinetics and cell sources for basophil/mast cell and eosinophil colony stimulating activity (CSA) production by nasal epithelial cells taken from house dust (HD) nasal allergic patients. Epithelial scrapings removed from HD nasal allergic patients were grown to confluence over 7 days as a monolayer of epithelial cells in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) on collagen coated microwell plates. CSA in nasal epithelial cells conditioned medium (CM) was assessed with density-gradient separated, nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays. In the 14-day methylcellulose assays, the number of Eo-type colonies in the presence of either 10% or 5% CM was significantly higher than the background number of Eo-type colonies (negative control). Comparison of Gm CSA among 1%, 5% and 10% CM with negative, revealed no significant differences. We also compared the Eo-type CSA in the presence of 10% significant differences. We also compared the Eo-type CSA in the presence of 10% CM in the 14-day methylcellulose assay with 21-day methylcellulose assay. There was no significant difference in the number of Eo-type colony between the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays. We also examined the composition of the cells in the colonies in the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose cultures. The percentage of metachromatic granule containing cells in a Eo-type colony in 14-day methylcellulose assay was significantly higher than in a Eo-type colony in 21-day methylcellulose assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Allergic rhinitis nasal epithelial cell conditioned medium stimulates growth and differentiation of basophil/mast cell and eosinophil progenitors from atopic blood]. 174 90

The relationship between production of IgE and collagen-induced arthritis in mice was examined. Collagen-specific IgE was produced as a consequence of immunization of DBA/1 mice with chicken type II collagen emulsified in CFA. We observed a rise in collagen-specific IgE antibody levels at the onset of CIA clinical and histologic signs in DBA/1 mice. This rise in IgE paralleled that of IgG2a anticollagen antibodies, an isotype implicated in the pathogenesis of CIA by other laboratories. The collagen-specific IgE contained in the plasma of mice with CIA could arm basophils for Ag- (collagen) dependent degranulation. Collagen-specific IgE may thus contribute to CIA by promoting mast cell degranulation in the synovia of susceptible mice immunized with chick type II collagen; but, further work is required to establish such a role for IgE in CIA. However, genetic differences in disease susceptibility could not be accounted for by quantitative differences in collagen-specific IgE production. Further, comparable levels of IgE anticollagen antibodies were observed in animals with active CIA and after spontaneous remission, thereby confirming that the presence of such antibodies is insufficient for disease. Total IgE levels peaked just before spontaneous remission indicating active production of IL-4. IL-4 was administered to animals with CIA to determine if this lymphokine could be involved in the remission process. IL-4 facilitated remission of CIA. Enhanced total IgE production may thus be a marker for activation of Th2 cells that produce lymphokines such as IL-4 and IL-10, factors that may be involved in the spontaneous remission process.
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PMID:Collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Relationship of collagen-specific and total IgE synthesis to disease. 175 95

Thirty equine cutaneous mastocytomas were examined histologically and two were studied ultrastructurally. Lesions were characterized by distinct sheets of well-differentiated mast cells with variable degrees of eosinophil infiltration, collagen degeneration, necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Twenty-two of 25 growths did not recur for up to 6 years after surgical excision, two recurred at the surgical site and one spontaneously regressed less than 3 months after obtaining a biopsy sample. Equine cutaneous mastocytoma is a benign proliferative lesion which seldom recurs after excision. The varied histological presentation of equine mastocytoma can be attributed to a sequence of events initiated by a cutaneous mast cell proliferation. It is suggested that these mast cells release chemotactic factors for eosinophils which accumulate and degranulate, initiating collagen degeneration and cellular necrosis with subsequent granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. The focal spontaneous nature of the primary mast cell proliferation is typical of neoplasia.
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PMID:Equine cutaneous mastocytoma: morphology, biological behaviour and evolution of the lesion. 186 26

The presence of circulating IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to native cartilage collagens in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suggests that an autoimmune response to cartilage collagens may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. However, the relevance of such antibodies to the pathological process remains unclear, and it is likely that many humoral and cellular derived factors combined to trigger events leading to the chronicity of the rheumatoid lesion. Since histological and biochemical studies have suggested the involvement of mast cells in the rheumatoid joint, we have studied the frequency of IgE antibodies directed against the cartilage collagens type II, IX and XI in patients with active rheumatoid disease. Of the 91 patients' sera tested, 32 had significant levels of IgE anti-cartilage collagen antibodies when compared with non-arthritic controls. Total serum IgE levels did not correlate with the presence of IgE anti-collagen antibodies, nor were any patients positive for IgE antibodies to fibronectin, a widely distributed extracellular matrix component. These results are consistent with an allergic type I hypersensitivity reaction to cartilage antigens in RA involving mast cell and basophil degranulation.
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PMID:Serum IgE anti-cartilage collagen antibodies in rheumatoid patients. 186 71

A new one-step incubation method using cationic gold colloid was applied to reveal anionic moieties in rat colonic mucosa. Gold particles were detected in all cellular nuclei, basement membranes, mast cell granules and collagen fibres, while the luminal surfaces of all vascular endothelial cells were devoid of gold label. Application of the method for detection of anionic domains under various conditions is discussed.
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PMID:Distribution of anionic sites in gut tissue: an electron-microscopical study. 187 52

Fluorescent and acetylcholinesterase-positive cell bodies occur in the connective tissue surrounding the prostatic end of the monkey vas deferens. At both the testicular and prostatic ends, noradrenergic nerve fibres are distributed mainly in the smooth muscle coats while acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres are most densely distributed in the lamina propria but also quite significantly in the inner part of the smooth musculature. The percentage of cholinergic varicosities (containing a predominance of small agranular vesicles and some large granular vesicles) is higher in the smooth muscle coat than in the lamina propria at both the testicular (9.1% against 1.5%) and prostatic (19.38% against 5.16%) ends of the vas deferens and the percentages of cholinergic varicosities in both the lamina propria and smooth muscle coat (5.16% and 19.38% respectively) at the prostatic end are higher than those (1.5% and 9.1% respectively) at the testicular end. The percentage of noradrenergic varicosities (containing a predominance of small granular vesicles interspersed with some large granular vesicles and agranular vesicles) in the muscle coat is higher at the testicular (56.72%) than the prostatic (39.73%) end. In addition to cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves, varicosities resembling purinergic nerve fibres, varicosities containing flattened vesicles and sensory terminals are also present. In nearly all cases where no collagen fibres intervene between an axon varicosity and the smooth muscle membrane, the interval between the two is less than 180 nm, and may be as little as, or even less than, 20 nm. Lastly, close nerve-mast cell and nerve-fibroblast contacts have been observed.
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PMID:Innervation of the monkey vas deferens. 208 13

The effect of disodium cromoglycate on skin wound healing and collagen formation in the wounds was studied. Disodium cromoglycate (a mast cell stabilizer) administered to the rats in a dose of 2 mg/animal was found to retard wound healing and markedly increased wound surface in all examined days (3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th day of healing). The mast cell stabilizer injected directly into wounds decreased collagen content, especially on 10th and 14th day of the healing process.
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PMID:The effect of disodium cromoglycate on the skin wound healing and collagen content in the wounds of rats. 213 92

p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is easily oxidized to brown compounds which stain acidic substrates. On account of the spontaneous oxidation process, the colour of PPD increases and becomes ochre-brown in a few days, showing an absorption peak at lambda = 510 nm with shoulder at about 440 to 460 nm. Studies on the application of oxidized PPD as a stain for semi-thin sections revealed that some tissue components could be clearly visualized. After glutaraldehyde fixation, semi-thin and thin sections of animal tissues were treated with 0.5% aqueous PPD solutions which were aged for variable times at room temperature. Microvilli, goblet cell mucin, mast cell granules, cartilage matrix, collagen, elastin, keratohyalin granules, acrosomes, cytoplasmic granules of Drosophila hydei salivary glands and chromatin showed positive staining reactions after treatment of semi-thin sections with oxidized PPD (7-10 days aged) for 20-30 minutes. Microspectrophotometric studies revealed an absorption peak at lambda = 520-530 nm and a shoulder at lambda = 440-460 nm in goblet cell mucin stained by oxidized PPD. In the presence of anionic macromolecules, the main peak of oxidized PPD solutions showed a strong hyperchromism. Thin sections stained by oxidized PPD did not appear contrasted, but the treatment with 0.125% gold chloride (AuCl3) induced massive gold deposits in structures stained by oxidized PPD. Hyperchromic shifts were also produced in oxidized PPD solutions after the addition of small amounts of AuCl3. This procedure can be used as a simple and rapid staining method for epoxy sections, giving selective contrast for some tissue components.
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PMID:Oxidized p-phenylenediamine: observations on the staining reaction in epoxy embedded tissues. 242 92

The effect of collagen degradation products by bacterial (BCDP) and synovial fluid collagenase (SCDP) on histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of rat was estimated. Some BCDP as well as SCDP released 60-80% of mast cell histamine. In BCDP fraction the most active were BCDP II (m.wt. 13 kD) and BCDP III (m.wt. 6 kD). The last contained the highest percentage of hydroxyproline. As compared with bradykinin, BCDP III was about 50 fold more active as histamine releaser.
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PMID:Collagen-derived peptides release mast cell histamine. 242 89


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