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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various fixation and staining procedures have been examined in order to obtain optimal numbers and acceptable morphology of the mucosal mast cells and granular intraepithelial cells in the rat jejunum. For subsequent staining with Alcian Blue, the best fixation of the jejunum was obtained with a methanol-formaldehyde-acetic acid mixture. Specific staining of the granules of these cells has been obtained using Alcian Blue at pH 5.8, at which hydrogen ion concentration more cells stain than in the usual very acid conditions. Specificity is achieved by the use of magnesium chloride concentrations above the critical electrolyte concentrations for staining of protein and nucleic acid by Alcian Blue, and by the use of Safranin O as a competitive counterstain. The critical electrolyte concentration technique has also been applied to a comparative study of the glycosaminoglycan in the two cell types. Evidence is presented that the glycosaminoglycan in the granular intraepithelial cell has either a lower degree of sulphation or a lower molecular weight or both than the material in mucosal mast cells. This finding may support the possibility that the granular intraepithelial lymphocyte is a precursor of the mucosal mast cell.
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PMID:Fixation and staining of granules in mucosal mast cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the rat jejunum, with special reference to the relationship between the acid glycosaminoglycans in the two cell types. 616 Jan 26

The kinetics of IgE-mediated release of serotonin from passively sensitized rat mast cells in vitro was studied by stopping 14C-serotonin release with the application of formaldehyde fixative or ice-cold mast cell medium (MCM). Antigen dose-release curves of 14C-serotonin and/or histamine were comparable when mediator release was terminated with either formaldehyde at a final concentration of 1% or ice-cold MCM 15 min after antigen challenge. However, the kinetic study of immunological mediator release stopped by formaldehyde showed that the addition of antigen resulted in a progressive increase of released 14C-serotonin for 7 min, the release curve being sigmoidal, whereas the application of ice-cold MCM artificially enhanced 14C-serotonin and histamine release in the first 2 min. The results suggest that stopping IgE-mediated release of 14C-serotonin with formaldehyde is a simple, rapid and accurate method of studying the kinetics of mediator release from mast cells.
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PMID:IgE-mediated 14C-serotonin release from passively sensitized rat mast cells: comparative kinetic study with formaldehyde and ice-cold methods. 618 90

Mucosal mast cells of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a separate cell line within the mast cell system of the rat, differing in several respects from the classical connective tissue mast cells and, unlike the latter, requiring special fixation techniques for their demonstration. We have examined some histochemical properties of mucosal mast cells of the duodenum and compared them with connective tissue mast cells of the tongue or skin. The results indicate that the structural integrity of the granules of both types of mast cell is partly dependent on ionic linkages between glycosaminoglycan and protein. The so far unidentified glycosaminoglycan of mucosal mast cells appears to be more soluble than the heparin of connective tissue mast cells. The strongly fluorescent binding of Berberine to the granules of connective tissue mast cells and, depending on their content, of heparin is absent from mucosal mast cells, confirming previous findings which suggested that they contain a glycosaminoglycan with a lower degree of sulphation. Aldehyde fixation by routine procedures reversibly blocks the cationic dye binding of mucosal mast cell granules. The dye binding groups may be unmasked by trypsination or by long staining times of the order of several days. The results suggest that the blocking of staining by aldehydes is caused by a diffusion barrier of a protein nature. Mucosal and connective tissue mast cells thus differ with respect to the spatial arrangement of glycosaminoglycan and protein in their granules. As a result of the study a modified method for the demonstration of mucosal mast cells in tissue sections is described, based on normal formaldehyde fixation and staining in Toluidine Blue for a long time. It has some advantages over previous methods and preserves the structure of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells equally well.
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PMID:Mucosal mast cells of the rat intestine: a re-evaluation of fixation and staining properties, with special reference to protein blocking and solubility of the granular glycosaminoglycan. 619 15

The expression of the c-kit gene product has been examined in normal mast cells, mast cell neoplasms, and basophil/mast cell precursors obtained from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections or smears fixed with formalin vapour were studied by immunohistochemical methods, using a polyclonal antibody against the c-kit gene product. Normal and neoplastic mast cells showed a positive immunoreaction for c-kit gene product, but neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from CML patients lacked c-kit gene product by immunohistochemical and flow cytometric methods, even in cells having mast cell granules, together with or without basophil granules. Mast cell tryptase was, however, expressed in normal and neoplastic mast cells and basophil/mast cell precursors containing mast cell granules. In addition, cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage lacked c-kit gene product. These findings indicate that the c-kit gene product may play an important role in the development and function of mast cell but not of cell of basophil and monocyte/macrophage lineage.
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PMID:Expression of the c-kit gene product in normal and neoplastic mast cells but not in neoplastic basophil/mast cell precursors from chronic myelogenous leukaemia. 749 Jun 80

Microwave fixation for electron microscopy has been used primarily for post-embedding immunocytochemistry. The present study examined the ability of microwave fixation to preserve the antigenicity of glutaraldehyde-sensitive antigens for pre-embedding immunocytochemistry. Five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against cell surface components of rat mast cells were tested. The MAbs failed to show any labeling of conventionally fixed rat bone marrow-derived mast cells even at glutaraldehyde concentrations as low as 0.1%. Strong staining of mast cell plasma membranes was seen when bone marrow was initially fixed with 2% formaldehyde and then refixed in 2% glutaraldehyde/2% formaldehyde after immunostaining. However, the ultrastructural preservation of the cells was poor. Antigenicity and morphological detail were both preserved when bone marrow was fixed in 0.05% glutaraldehyde/2% formaldehyde for 4 sec in a 550-W microwave oven. With this method, mast cells in various stages of maturation as well as cells that did not contain granules were immunoreactive. This method should prove useful with antigens from many different cell types that are sensitive to glutaraldehyde fixation.
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PMID:Microwave fixation improves antigenicity of glutaraldehyde-sensitive antigens while preserving ultrastructural detail. 786 60

We have investigated the effects of CP-99,994 [(+)-(2s,3s)-3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine], a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, HOE 140 (D-Arg[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]bradykinin), a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, and ketotifen (4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)4 H-benzo[4,5]cycloheptal[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9H)-one hydrogen fumarate), a histamine H1 receptor antagonist with mast cell-stabilizing properties, on microvascular leakage induced by gaseous formaldehyde. Extravasation of Evans blue dye into airway tissues was used as an index of airway microvascular leakage. Leakage of dye in the trachea and main bronchi increased significantly in a concentration-dependent fashion after 10 min inhalation of formaldehyde (5-45 parts per million (ppm)). The airway response induced by 10 min inhalation of 15 ppm formaldehyde (trachea: 119.5 +/- 13.9 ng/mg, n = 7; main bronchi: 139.6 +/- 7.9 ng/mg, n = 7) was abolished by the administration of CP-99,994 (3 and 6 mg/kg i.v.), but not by the administration of HOE 140 (0.65 mg/kg i.v.) nor ketotifen (1 mg/kg i.v.). The increase in vascular permeability induced by formaldehyde in the rat airway was mediated predominantly by NK1 receptor stimulation. Activation of bradykinin receptors and mast cells did not appear to play an important role in this airway response.
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PMID:Role of tachykinin and bradykinin receptors and mast cells in gaseous formaldehyde-induced airway microvascular leakage in rats. 883 17

We have previously shown the presence and localization of mast cells and the intraocular effects of compound 48/80 in the rabbit eye. In the present study we have evaluated the mechanism of action of compound 48/80 using ruthenium red as a blocker of sensory axon reflexes in the rabbit eye and by measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP), the pupil size, the blood pressure, the protein and cAMP content in the aqueous humour. Topical neutral formaldehyde was used as a topical inducer of neuronally mediated response in a separate series of experiment. Intracamerally-injected ruthenium red suppressed the compound 48/80-induced elevation intraocular pressure and prevented miosis, while having little if any effect on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and on the increase in the cAMP concentration in aqueous humour. Ruthenium red also inhibited the irritative response in eyes treated with topical 1% formaldehyde. As the blood-aqueous barrier in the rabbit is an extremely sensitive system higher doses of ruthenium red causes damage of the barrier in the ruthenium red treated eyes. The results demonstrate that compound 48/80 not only has a mast cell degranulating effect but also a sensory nerve- stimulating effect.
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PMID:Intraocular effects of ruthenium red in responses to compound 48/80 and topical formaldehyde in rabbit. 892 1

Stereological quantification of mast cell numbers was applied to sections of punch biopsies from lesional and nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients and skin of healthy volunteers. We also investigated whether the method of staining and/or the fixative influenced the results of the determination of the mast cell profile numbers. The punch biopsies were taken from the same four locations in both atopic dermatitis patients and normal individuals. The locations were the scalp, neck and flexure of the elbow (lesional skin), and nates (nonlesional skin). Clinical scoring was carried out at the site of each biopsy. After fixation and plastic embedding, the biopsies were cut into 2 microns serial sections. Ten sections, 30 microns apart, from each biopsy were examined and stained alternately with either toluidine blue or Giemsa stain and mast cell profile numbers were determined. The study yielded the following results: (1) in atopic dermatitis lesional skin an increased number of mast cell profiles was found as compared with nonlesional skin, (2) comparing atopic dermatitis skin with normal skin, a significantly increased number of mast cell profiles per millimetre squared was found in specimens from the neck, (3) staining with toluidine blue yielded a lower number of mast cell profiles than Giemsa staining, (4) the use of Carnoy's fixative resulted in a lower mast cell profile count than the use of formaldehyde, and (5) there was no statistically significant correlation between the clinical score and the number of mast cell profiles per millimetre squared. Using stereological techniques, this study indicated that mast cells might participate in the inflammatory process in skin leading to atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:Mast cells and atopic dermatitis. Stereological quantification of mast cells in atopic dermatitis and normal human skin. 916 34

Mast cells synthesize and secrete chemical mediators which play an central role in anaphylactic reactions. Compound 48/80 is a condensation product of formaldehyde with paramethoxyphenylethylamine that reliably induces the release of chemical mediators in the mast cell granules. Aggregation of the high-affinity Fc receptor also stimulates the mast cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Sosiho-Tang (SS-Tang) on mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reaction. SS-Tang completely inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in mice. SS-Tang inhibited local anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition SS-Tang concentration-dependently inhibited histamine release in mast cells induced by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results indicate that SS-Tang may contain compounds with actions that inhibit mast cell degranulation.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of anaphylactic reaction of Sosiho-Tang. 980 35

The association of mast cells with typical lesions of Kimura's disease was investigated by quantitative methods after immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII-related antigen and counterstaining with toluidine blue. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tissue sections from 9 confirmed cases of Kimura's disease were examined after staining to estimate mast cell and blood vessel densities by counting 100 random fields under oil immersion. There was a statistically significant increase of both mast cells and blood vessels in Kimura's disease (p<0.01) compared with normal skin and reactive lymph node controls. However, as far as the individual Kimura's disease lesion is concerned, there was generally no correlation between areas with mast cell increase and the degree of vascularity. Moreover, when lesions of less than 1 year's duration were compared with older lesions, there appeared to be a relative decrease in mast cells and a concomitant increase in vascularity in the latter. These results confirmed that mast cells are associated with Kimura's disease, and suggest that they may be involved in its early pathogenesis, although its possible role in angiogenesis may not be direct.
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PMID:Quantitative study of mast cells in Kimura's disease. 1018 39


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