Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four examples of a mesenchymal tumor of undetermined histogenesis occurred in three mixed-breed dogs and one Yorkshire terrier. All tumors occurred as solitary, soft to firm, solid, tan, and ulcerated masses in the digits of dogs aged 11 to 15 years. The compact cellular tumor had cells with anisokaryotic round, oval, or irregular nuclei, some of which were multinucleated. The neoplastic cells appeared to arise in the tissue near the third phalanx in the area of dense collagenous trabeculae located proximal to the fat pad and sweat glands. The unclassifiable cells had some features of histiocytes by transmission electron microscopy, but failed to stain for lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, markers for monocyte-macrophage derived cells. Immunohistochemically, the cells stained for vimentin but not for cytokeratins, desmin, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, alpha-lactalbumin, lysozyme, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-lactalbumin, casein, and heavy and light chain immunoglobulins. The combined findings of light and transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry exclude tumor histogenesis from an epithelial cell, melanocyte, mast cell, plasma cell, Schwann cells, and Merkel cell.
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PMID:Distinctive unclassified mesenchymal tumor of the digit of dogs. 175 Jan 65

Solitary mastocytoma (mast cell naevus) of the skin represents a relatively rare dermal tumour. Its occurrence on the lower eyelid is exceptional. We report the case of a 4 month old male infant who exhibited a firm, yellowish nodule (1 cm in maximum diameter) on the lower lid of the right eye from birth. Histologically, the tumour consisted of strongly metachromatic tissue mast cells (TMC) infiltrating the whole dermis, the adjacent subcutaneous tissue and the lid muscle. Since comparable skin lesions in other sites were not observed, a diagnosis of solitary mastocytoma was made. Immunocytological investigations revealed strong reactivity of the TMC to antisera against vimentin, common leucocyte antigen (CLA), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). A minor proportion of the TMC reacted to antisera against lysozyme and KiB3. Surprisingly, the TMC also reacted to antisera against certain regulatory peptides (RP), namely adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), leu-enkephalin and met-enkephalin. However, absorption controls revealed that the immunostaining for ACTH and the two enkephalins was non-specific. The immunocytological phenotype of TMC suggests a close relationship to the myeloid-monocytic lineage, but a possible relationship between TMC and the diffuse neuroendocrine system needs further investigation.
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PMID:Solitary mastocytoma of the eyelid. A case report with special reference to the immunocytology of human tissue mast cells, and a review of the literature. 312 Apr 1

Sixty-five canine skin neoplasms studied using immunocytochemistry, included 22 histiocytomas, 18 amelanotic melanomas, 14 cutaneous lymphosarcomas, six mast cell tumors, and five transmissible venereal tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique for reactivity with S-100 protein, kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), neuron-specific enolase, keratin, cytokeratin, muramidase, and vimentin. Detection of S-100, kappa and lambda light chains, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin were most useful for screening these neoplasms. None of the markers examined was consistent in staining histiocytomas. While reactivity of S-100 (ten cases) and neuron-specific enolase (ten cases) was detected in some amelanotic melanomas, lambda light chain immunoglobulin (eight cases) was relatively consistent in cutaneous lymphomas. Mast cell neoplasms reacted with avidin and, therefore, were positive, even on negative control sections. Vimentin reacted strongly on all amelanotic melanomas and transmissible venereal tumors examined. These antibodies are helpful adjuncts in the differential diagnosis of canine skin tumors.
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PMID:Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of canine round cell tumors. 313 15

Histamine release from mast cells is intimately related with degranulation. When basic histamine releasers such as compound 48/80 were applied extracellularly to isolated rat mast cells by means of microelectrophoresis, localized degranulation was evoked near the tip of micropipet in a few seconds. In response to the second electrophoretic application at the opposite side of the membrane of the same mast cells, similar local degranulation was induced. This fact clearly indicates that local degranulation does not damage mast cells to the extent of blocking following degranulation. As intracellular electrophoretic application of compound 48/80 caused a swelling of mast cell, although no degranulation was elicited. When antigen-antibody reaction was induced in a single rat mesentery mast cell by means of microelectrophoresis, the application of antigen was made extracellularly or intracellularly. At the site of extracellular application, localized degranulation and histamine release were evoked. Histamine release was evidenced by the disappearance of histamine fluorescence in the degranulated area. Neither degranulation nor histamine release was induced by intracellular application of antigen. In freeze-fracture electronmicroscopy of the resting rat mast cells, intra-membrane particles (IMPs) were randomly distributed on the plasma membrane. When sensitized cells were exposed to antigen, IMPs were markedly dispersed so as to surround bulging regions of the membrane elicited by swollen granules. As the particles gathered at the periphery of the bulges, actually no particle was seen on the protuberant region. When rat mast cells loaded with quin 2 were exposed compound 48/80 in a Ca-free medium, a marked increase of quin 2 fluorescence was noticed, indicating that Ca2+ was released from intracellular Ca store. The binding of 45Ca was at its peak in the fractions where the highest activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, a marker enzyme for the endoplasmic reticulum, when organelles of mast cells were fractionated. This may indicate that intracellular Ca store is endoplasmic reticulum. It has been shown that microfilaments, and microtubules play some important roles in histamine release from rat mast cells. When permeabilized mast cells were stimulated with Ca2+, a translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to membrane fraction was observed. This leads to phosphorylation of vimentin, one of intermediate filaments. In membrane skeletons of rat mast cells, alpha- and beta-fodrin, ankyrin and actin were found by means of western blotting analysis. It was supposed that membrane skeleton may be useful as a barrier between the plasma membrane and the granule membrane.
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PMID:[Development of the research in the field of histamine release]. 751 63

Twenty-eight epithelial and 22 nonepithelial feline tumors were studied immunohistochemically. Epithelial tumors were 10 squamous cell carcinomas, two basal cell tumors, two sebaceous gland carcinomas, three apocrine gland carcinomas, three thyroid papillary carcinomas, one thyroid solid carcinoma, one renal clear cell carcinoma, one renal papillary carcinoma, one endometrial carcinoma, and four lung bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Nonepithelial tumors were 10 fibrosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma, one rhabdomyosarcoma, one hemangiosarcoma, two mast cell tumors, one osteosarcoma, three melanomas, and two lymphomas. Commercially available antibodies directed against high- and low-molecular-weight keratins (keratin, RCK-102, NCL-5D3), vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament intermediate filament (IF) proteins were used in the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples. All epithelial tumors except the endometrial carcinoma expressed some type of keratin protein. Squamous cell carcinomas expressed high-molecular-weight keratins exclusively. Coexpression of high- and low-molecular-weight keratins was observed in one basal cell tumor, sebaceous and apocrine adenocarcinomas, and thyroid, renal, and lung carcinomas. In addition to keratins, vimentin immunoreactivity was found in all basal cell tumors, all sebaceous gland, thyroid papillary, renal, and lung adenocarcinomas, and one of the apocrine gland adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivity with GFAP antibody was found in one basal cell tumor and one sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma. The endometrial carcinoma did not react with any of the antibodies applied. Nonepithelial tumors analyzed expressed either vimentin (fibrosarcomas, liposarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumors, osteosarcomas, melanomas) or vimentin and desmin (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, one fibrosarcoma) IF proteins exclusively. Lymphomas did not react with any of the antibodies employed. These findings indicate that IF proteins antibodies can be included in diagnostic panels of antibodies for immunocharacterization of feline tumors. In addition, they can be used as a basis for the diagnoses of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated feline neoplasms.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical distribution pattern of intermediate filament proteins in 50 feline neoplasms. 859 5

10,090 dissections of dogs exhibited 2631 neoplastic processes of which 309 involved the heart in the form of eu- and heteropic tumours. The most common primary and/or secondary heart tumour type was hemangiosarcoma (n = 187), followed by paraganglioma (n = 46), carcinoma (n = 33), malignant lymphoma (n = 12), thyroid heart base tumour (n = 9), melanoma (n = 7), mast cell tumour (n = 3) and blastoma (n = 2). The tumour diagnoses were immunohistochemically proved by various antibodies to cytokeratins, vimentin, GFAP, NSE, von Willebrand factor, CD3, CD45RA, S100, thyroglobulin as well as histochemically with argyrophilic, Fontana-Masson and heterochromatic reactions. The odds ratio (OR) for breed and tumour prevalences were determined: German shepherds showed the highest OR for hemangiosarcomas and boxers for paragangliomas.
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PMID:Systemic, metastatic, eu- and heterotope tumours of the heart in necropsied dogs. 869 31

We recently demonstrated that cultured malignant schwannoma (MS)-derived cells can support human skin mast cell (HSMC) survival in vitro. Cultured HSMCs were spindleshaped in close contract with MS-derived cells, suggesting cell to cell interaction. To elucidate the mechanism of the enhanced HSMC survival in coculture with MS-derived cells and the cellular interactions between HSMC and MS-derived cells, we examined the immunocytochemical characteristics of MS-derived cells using immunofluorescence. Morphologically, cultured MS-derived cells were polygonal with abundant cytoplasm and resembled perineurial cells. The cultured cells immunoreacted positively with vimentin, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV, but negatively with anti-S100 protein, anti-neuron specific enolase, and anti-neurofilament (68 kd, 145 kd, 200 kd) antibodies. MS-derived cells were distinct from Schwann cells in their lack of S100 protein and also distinguishable from endoneurial fibroblasts that produce fibronectin, but never expressed laminin or collagen IV. MS-derived cells thus possess the characteristics of perineurial cells in their general morphology and their immunocytochemical properties. Immunoreactivity for substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) was found in the cytoplasm of these cells, particularly around the nuclei. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, and calcitonin gene related peptide were negative. From these findings, we characterized the MS-derived cell's in vitro properties and concluded that it is similar to a perineurial cell. The extracellular matrix protein, laminin, and fibronectin expressed in the MS-derived cell might contribute to HSMC survival and morphology through cell to matrix adhesion. Neuropeptides such as SP and NKA, expressed in the MS-derived cell, might play some role in enhanced HSMC survival in vitro.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical characterization of malignant schwannoma-derived cells in culture. 904 33

The case of a 62-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and a widespread tumor involving the retroperitoneum is described. Three weeks after initial presentation, the patient died suddenly of acute cardiac failure with signs of arrhythmia. Autopsy revealed a disseminated tumor with infiltration of the retroperitoneal fat, as well as nodules in the left testis and the right atrium. The tumor cells were reactive for CD45, vimentin, and chloroacetate esterase, but were unreactive with a broad spectrum of antibodies against myelomonocytic and lymphocytic antigens and with antibodies against tryptase and c-kit (CD117), which are characteristic markers for mast cells. However, the bone marrow exhibited the typical picture of mastocytosis, with disseminated clusters of differentiated spindle-shaped cells that stained strongly for tryptase, c-kit, and chloroacetate esterase. No infiltrates of well-differentiated mastocytosis could be detected in any of the extramedullary tissues investigated. A diagnosis of bone marrow mastocytosis with an associated undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hemopoietic origin was established. By definition, the extramedullary tumor could not be diagnosed as a granulocytic sarcoma or (differentiated) mastocytoma, but the possibility that a mast cell progenitor could be involved in the evolution of both tumors cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Bone marrow mastocytosis associated with an undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hemopoietic origin. 914 Mar 15

The case of a 63-year-old man with a widespread retroperitoneal tumor and two tumor nodules in the left testis is described. Histopathological and cytopathological examination of tissue from the retroperitoneal tumor led to a diagnosis of lymphoreticular neoplasia. The patient died in acute cardiac failure, five weeks after initial presentation. Autopsy revealed another tumor nodule in the right atrium. Macroscopically, the bone marrow appeared normal. The tumor cells were reactive for CD45, vimentin and chloroacetate esterase, but were uncreative with a broad spectrum of antibodies against myelomonocytic and lymphocytic antigens and antibodies against tryptase and c-kit (CD117), characteristic markers for mast cells. However, the bone marrow exhibited the typical picture of mastocytosis. A diagnosis of bone marrow mastocytosis with an associated secondary extramedullary mast cell sarcoma was established. The cause of death was heart failure due to arrhythmia caused by an exophytic atrioseptal tumor nodule.
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PMID:[Association of bone marrow mastocytosis with extremely immature extramedullary mast cell sarcoma]. 927 45

Fibroepithelial polyps of the anus (FEPA) are relatively common lesions that have attracted little attention. A series of 40 FEPA, together with sections from normal anal mucosa, were studied histologically, histochemically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. The polyps consisted of myxoid or collagenous stroma covered by squamous epithelium. Stromal cells with two or more nuclei were found in 30 polyps (80%). In five cases (12%) these cells showed atypical nuclear features. All the polyps harboring atypical cells were of large size. Mast cells were frequently present and sometimes intimately related to the stromal cells. Stromal cells stained positive for vimentin and negative for actin. Desmin was expressed in 30% of the cases. Electron microscopic examination confirmed the fibroblastic and myofibroblastic nature of the stromal cells. Examination of the subepithelial connective tissue from the normal anal mucosa showed bizarre multinucleated cells and mast cell infiltration. It is concluded that FEPA are benign lesions characterized by the presence of mononucleated and multinucleated, sometimes atypical stromal cells showing fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation. The morphologic similarity between FEPA and normal anal mucosa supports the hypothesis that FEPA may represent a reactive hyperplasia of the subepithelial connective tissue of the anal mucosa. Mast cells, by means of their fibrogenic, fibrolytic, and angiogenic activities may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FEPA.
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PMID:Fibroepithelial polyps of the anus: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study, including comparison with the normal anal subepithelial layer. 1019 81


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