Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
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Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Enzyme
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (
mast cell
)
14,925
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) are linoleic acid-derived lipid mediators reported to be dysregulated in obstructive lung disease. In contrast to many other oxylipins, TriHOME biosynthesis in humans is still poorly understood. The association of TriHOMEs with inflammation prompted the current investigation into the ability of human granulocytes to synthesize the 16 different 9,10,13-TriHOME and 9,12,13-TriHOME isomers and of the TriHOME biosynthetic pathway. Following incubation with linoleic acid, eosinophils and (to a lesser extent) the
mast cell
line LAD2, but not neutrophils, formed TriHOMEs. Stereochemical analysis revealed that TriHOMEs produced by eosinophils predominantly evidenced the 13(S) configuration, suggesting 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX)-mediated synthesis. TriHOME formation was blocked following incubation with the 15-LOX inhibitor BLX-3887 and was shown to be largely independent of
soluble epoxide hydrolase
and cytochrome P450 activities. TriHOME synthesis was abolished when linoleic acid was replaced with 13-HODE, but increased in incubations with 13-HpODE, indicating the intermediary role of epoxy alcohols in TriHOME formation. In contrast to eosinophils, LAD2 cells formed TriHOMEs having predominantly the 13(R) configuration, demonstrating that there are multiple synthetic routes for TriHOME formation. These findings provide for the first-time insight into the synthetic route of TriHOMEs in humans and expand our understanding of their formation in inflammatory diseases.
...
PMID:Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent process. 3191 7
The roles of ACE-independent ANG II production via chymase and therapeutic potential of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the adolescent population remain elusive. Thus we tested the hypothesis that a high-fructose diet (HFD) in young rats elicits chymase-dependent increases in ANG II production and oxidative stress, responses that are reversible by 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-
yl
) urea (TPPU), an inhibitor of
soluble epoxide hydrolase
(
sEH
) that metabolizes EETs. Three groups of weanling rats (21-day-old) were fed a normal diet, 60% HFD, and HFD with TPPU, respectively, for 30 days. HFD rats developed MetS, characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension and associated with decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume and loss of nitric oxide (NO) modulation of myocardial oxygen consumption; all impairments were normalized by TPPU that significantly elevated circulating 11,12-EET, a major cardiac EET isoform. In the presence of comparable cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression/activity among the three groups, HFD rats exhibited significantly greater chymase-dependent ANG II formation in hearts, as indicated by an augmented cardiac chymase content as a function of enhanced
mast cell
degranulation. The enhanced chymase-dependent ANG II production was paralleled with increases in ANG II type 1 receptor (AT
1
R) expression and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-induced superoxide, alterations that were significantly reversed by TPPU. Conversely, HFD-induced downregulation of cardiac ACE2, followed by a lower Ang-(1-7) level displayed in an TPPU-irreversible manner. In conclusion, HFD-driven adverse chymase/ANG II/Nox/superoxide signaling in young rats was prevented by inhibition of
sEH
via, at least in part, an EET-mediated stabilization of mast cells, highlighting chymase and
sEH
as therapeutic targets during treatment of MetS.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY
As the highest fructose consumers, the adolescent population is highly susceptible to the metabolic syndrome, where increases in mast cell chymase-dependent formation of ANG II, ensued by cardiometabolic dysfunction, are reversible in response to inhibition of
soluble epoxide hydrolase
(
sEH
). This study highlights chymase and
sEH
as therapeutic targets and unravels novel avenues for the development of optimal strategies for young patients with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
...
PMID:The contribution of chymase-dependent formation of ANG II to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic syndrome of young rats: roles of fructose and EETs. 3216 81
