Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subcellular fractionation techniques, radio-labeling by the 3H-precursor and pharmacological approach applied to the developing rat indicate the presence of at least two types of histamine-containing cells in brain. The presence of the histamine synthesizing enzyme in neurons is suggested by its developmental pattern: there is a 4- to 5-fold increase in enzyme activity from birth to adulthood, with a time-course paralleling the synaptogenesis in whole brain as well as in the 4 regions studied (medulla-pons, midbrain, hypothalamus and forebrain). As is the case for different transmitter synthesizing enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase, there is a shift in the subcellular distribution of histidine decarboxylase (H.D.) activity from the soluble fraction at birth to the synaptosomal fraction in the adult brain. On the other hand, several lines of evidence indicates that a portion of histamine is localized, at least in the noenatal rat brain, in mast cells: (a) the high level of histamine in the neonatal rat brain is, like in peripheral mast-cells, associated with a low enzyme activity; (b) the half-life of [3H]histidine injected s.c. at birth was about 4 days, a value close to that found in skin (a tissue rich in mast cells), but contrasting with that in adult brain (less than 1 h); (c) after subcellular fractionation, the endogenously formed [3H]histamine was recovered in the crude nuclear fraction as was the amine from peritoneal mast cells added to the brain homogenate; (d) the mast cell degranulators, compound 48/80 and polymyxin B, induce a small but significant release of the amine from incubated neonatal brain slices. Thus it appears that cerebral histamine is localized in at least two cell types. Its presence in neurons is compatible with a neurotransmitter function and its release from mast cells might represent some primitive form of cell-to-cell communication.
 ...
PMID:Histamine synthesis in the developing rat brain: evidence for a multiple compartmentation. 110 98

The distribution of nerves and mast cells was studied in the lacrimal glands of 3-5-, 14- and 24-month-old rats, using light microscopic histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. In 14-month and, to a greater extent, in 24-month-old rats there were signs of chronic inflammation and patchy destruction of acinar, ductal and vascular tissue. The glands of the three different age groups contained acetylcholinesterase (AChE), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, substance P- and the phosphoprotein B-50-immunoreactive nerves. B-50-immunoreactive nerves were distributed around acini, blood vessels and ducts, in a similar manner to VIP and AChE. Substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves were sparsely distributed in interlobular connective tissue and around ducts and blood vessels. Tyrosine hydroxylase- and NPY-containing nerves were found around blood vessels. The 3-5- and 14-month-old rats had a similar pattern of innervation, however, by 24 months there was a reduction in the number and intensity of immunoreactive nerves. The loss of nerves was particularly associated with damage to the gland. Mast cells were also found in the lacrimal, mostly associated with neurovascular tissue. These could be histochemically labelled with alcian blue/safranin or toluidine blue and were immunohistochemically labelled with histamine and serotonin. Substance P-, CGRP-, VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerves were found apposed to mast cells. A large increase in mast cells was observed in 24-month compared to 3-5-month-old rats and these were found throughout the acinar tissue. These results show that a decrease in innervation and also chronic inflammation, with mast cell infiltration, occurs in aged rats. These findings may be contributing factors to reduced tear output in aging.
 ...
PMID:Innervation and mast cells of the rat exorbital lacrimal gland: the effects of age. 818 88

We examined and compared a mechanosensitive human sural neuroma and a contralateral sural nerve collected simultaneously from a patient involved in a diabetic neuropathy research protocol. Using indirect immunofluorescence staining. we identified a striking difference in the content within axons of two neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and calcitonin, gene-related peptide (CGRP), between the contralateral nerve and the neuroma. Unlike the contralateral nerve, where immunofluorescence was sparse, a significant number of disorganized axon profiles that stained brightly positive for CGRP or SP were identified in the neuroma. In contrast, staining for tyrosine hydroxylase, a label of sympathetic axons, was largely absent except around one large arteriole. The neuroma specimen also contained large numbers of serotonin-containing mast cells, only noted occasionally in the contralateral nerve. The peptide staining and mast cell accumulation in the human neuroma closely resembled changes we have previously observed in an animal neuroma model. Local neuropeptides may play a role in the injury response of peripheral nerve, and may be related to mechanosensitivity.
 ...
PMID:Peptides and neuromas: calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and mast cells in a mechanosensitive human sural neuroma. 917 60

Here we show that mast cells contain dopamine and that mast cell activation causes dopamine depletion, indicating its presence within secretory granules. Dopamine storage increased during mast cell maturation from bone marrow precursors, and was dependent on the presence of serglycin. Moreover, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, was induced during mast cell maturation; histidine decarboxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 were also induced. Mast cell activation caused a robust induction of histidine decarboxylase, but no stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase or tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression. The present study points toward a possible role of dopamine in mast cell function.
 ...
PMID:Mast cells express tyrosine hydroxylase and store dopamine in a serglycin-dependent manner. 2262 5