Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, the presence of immunoglobulins was immunohistochemically investigated in globule leucocytes in the tracheal respiratory epithelium of conventional rats, athymic nude rats and a germ-free rat. It was not possible to demonstrate any immunoglobulins in tracheal globule leucocytes. This and other dissimilarities with intestinal globule leucocytes are briefly discussed. On the other hand, peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining revealed the presence of surface immunoglobulins on the membrane of subepithelial mast cells. The previously postulated mast cell origin of the tracheal globule leucocytes is doubted, and the possibility that globule leucocytes should belong to the group of natural killer cells is discussed.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the presence of immunoglobulins in globule leucocytes in the tracheal epithelium of rats. 242 63

Mast cells, when incubated in vitro with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iodide, are cytotoxic to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni, as determined morphologically by dye exclusion, motility, and refractility and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. When intact mast cells were incubated with schistosomula, mast cell degranulation with extracellular release of mast cell granules (MCG) was only observed in the presence of added H2O2 (10(-4) M). The secreted MCG, which contain small amounts of endogenous peroxidase activity, adhered to the surface of schistosomula. By 15 to 30 min, the mast cell-H2O2 system in the presence of iodide (10(-4) M) produced marked disruption of the tegumental and internal structures of the schistosomula. No helminthic damage was noted if any component of the incubation mixture (mast cells, H2O2 or iodide) was omitted. MCG could substitute for intact mast cells in the H2O2 and iodide-dependent cytotoxic system; MCG-mediated killing of schistosomula was inhibited by the hemeprotein inhibitor azide, suggesting that the cytotoxic reaction required endogenous peroxidase. The cytotoxicity was increased by eosinophil peroxidase bound to the MCG surface. These findings suggest a mechanism by which mast cells may contribute to the host cytotoxic response to helminths. H2O2 formed by nearby inflammatory cells may induce mast cell secretion, and the released MCG, through their endogenous peroxidase content (or bound eosinophil or neutrophil peroxidase), may react with H2O2 and a halide to form a system toxic to the adjacent helminth.
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PMID:Mast cell-mediated toxicity to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni: potentiation by exogenous peroxidase. 242 71

The origin, density, and distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers in the supratentorial dura mater of the rat were examined in detail in the current study by using wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) retrograde tracing procedures, glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemical staining of dural whole mount preparations. Application of WGA-HRP to the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent areas of the supratentorial dura mater labeled numerous neurons in each of the left and right superior cervical ganglia. Glyoxylic acid and DBH immunocytochemical staining of fixed dural whole mount preparations revealed prominent plexuses of sympathetic nerves about the middle meningeal artery and its branches, about the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses, and "free" within the dura mater, i.e., apparently unassociated with any vasculature. Significantly, in all of these areas, the density of sympathetic innervation revealed in this study was considerably greater than that previously demonstrated by other workers. An impressive population of mast cells also was observed within the dura mater of the glyoxylic acid-treated preparations. The majority of these cells were perivascular; however, a significant number were also present within the dura unrelated to the vasculature, and occasional cells were seen in close apposition to fluorescent sympathetic nerve fibers. Taken together, the identification of a robust sympathetic plexus and prominent mast cell population associated with a dura mater that also receives significant sensory projections from the trigeminal system raises interest regarding the functional interactions of these elements. These observations warrant further consideration regarding their role in the pathogenesis of vascular headache and head pain.
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PMID:Sympathetic innervation of the supratentorial dura mater of the rat. 248 Mar 72

The glycoprotein, avidin, conjugated either to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase, or to the fluorochrome dyes, fluorescein or rhodamine, identifies the granules of mast cells in both tissues and cell suspensions. In the absence of prior fixation, mast cells were not identified with conjugated avidin; however, granules released from these cells were stained with this labeled glycoprotein. The specificity of avidin for mast cells was confirmed by the absence of conjugated avidin-positive cells in the skin of mice (S1/S1d) deficient in mature dermal mast cells. Electron microscopic studies confirmed that avidin binds specifically to individual mast cell granules rather than to other cellular structures. Rodent and human mast cells were readily stained with avidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or to either of the fluorochrome dyes. The conjugated avidin staining technique is a reliable and simple method for identifying rodent and human mast cells, one that is useful as both an investigative and a clinical tool.
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PMID:Conjugated avidin binds to mast cell granules. 257 42

A Kunitz-type inhibitor family has been biochemically and histochemically characterized in bovine liver. This family includes the well-known pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and three BPTI-related molecular forms (isoinhibitors I, II and III). The purification of the inhibitors was performed by affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin followed by fast protein liquid chromatography. The inhibitors were identical to those identified previously in bovine spleen and lung. Light immunohistochemical experiments were done by a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method using two different immunoglobulin preparations, which selectively discriminated between BPTI and the other isoinhibitors. BPTI-related immunoreactivity was found exclusively at the level of isolated cells, of which many were identified as mast cells by toluidine blue staining. By contrast, isoinhibitor-related immunoreactivity showed a more widespread distribution, including hepatocytes, mast cells and biliary duct epithelial cells. Finally, specific immunoreactivity was also present in plasma. These results suggest that: i) BPTI and related isoinhibitors may be involved in the regulation of the activity of some mast cell proteases, as it happens in other bovine organs (Businaro et al. 1987, 1988); ii) BPTI isoinhibitors, but not BPTI itself, may also control proteolytic activities in hepatic specific structures (hepatocytes and biliary duct epithelial cells).
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PMID:Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and related isoinhibitors in bovine liver. A biochemical and histochemical study. 261 49

Leukocyte-mediated myocardial reperfusion injury is characterized by the progressive migration and accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the myocardium. In this study, we hypothesized that leukocytes normally resident to the myocardium also contribute to myocardial injury in the absence of migration and accumulation of peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In isolated crystalloid-perfused rat hearts, we found numerous resident cardiac leukocytes that were identified primarily as macrophages and mast cells, the latter staining avidly for peroxidase. When hypoxic perfused hearts (60 minutes, n = 16) were reoxygenated there was a prompt release of this peroxidase activity, the extent of which correlated closely with the degree of myocardial injury (total creatine kinase release, r = 0.96). When reoxygenation associated mast cell degranulation was prevented in six additional hypoxic hearts using 10 microM Lodoxamide Tromethamine, peroxidase release was reduced 7.8-fold (p less than 0.001) and creatine kinase release (injury) was reduced 5.9-fold (p less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that the isolated crystalloid-perfused rat heart is not a leukocyte-free preparation and suggest that mast cells resident to the heart play an important role in acute reoxygenation injury.
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PMID:Acute reoxygenation injury in the isolated rat heart: role of resident cardiac mast cells. 284 39

Numerous mast cells appear in rat pulmonary granulomas associated with infection by the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. The kinetics and histochemical characteristics of these mast cells were studied and compared with those of intestinal mucosal mast cells. The number of lung mast cells showed a distinct increase 2 weeks after injection and then gradually decreased. In a study using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which is incorporated into cellular DNA at the S-phase, mast-cell labeling was highest 12-13 days after infection, and returned to the normal level 21 days after infection. This indicates that lung mast cells proliferate for only a short time. Intestinal mucosal mast cells showed a similar pattern. A parallel increase in globule leukocytes in the bronchus and trachea was also observed. The proliferating lung mast cells in the early period were stained with alcian blue but were negative for berberine and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complexes (ABC). In a lung extract, type II protease, which has been reported to be confined to mucosal mast cells, increased until the 14th day, and decreased thereafter. This indicates that lung mast cells, at least in the initial stage of proliferation, are similar to intestinal mucosal mast cells in terms of their cell kinetics and histochemical characteristics. However, histochemical studies of mast cells at a later stage of infection showed a different result. After 12 weeks of infection when the mast-cell density was still high, almost all the lung mast cells became positive with berberine and/or ABC, both of which are supposed to be bound to heparin within mast cell granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phenotypic changes in mast cells proliferating in the rat lung following infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. 289 99

To clarify whether in vitro-cultured basophils have features of mast cells, basophils grown in semisolid and liquid culture were studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically and were compared with freshly isolated basophils and mast cells. Ultrastructurally, the cultured basophils had pleomorphic cytoplasmic granules, some of which were similar to mast cell granules. However, scroll formation, characteristic of mast cell granules, was not observed in cells grown in semisolid and liquid culture. Cytochemically, the reactivity patterns of acidic glycoconjugates in the cultured cells more closely resembled those of the freshly isolated basophils than of the mast cells. In addition, the basophils grown in liquid culture showed a more matured form and had stronger reactivity to glycoconjugates, acid phosphatase and peroxidase than did the cells grown in semisolid culture, suggesting that the liquid culture system was better for the basophil.
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PMID:Cultured human basophils with ultrastructural and ultracytochemical features of mast cells. 291 98

Although the hematopoietic origin of mast cells is very probable, the cell from which they originate is still a matter of speculation. The description of "transitional basophil/mast cells" in myeloproliferative disorders has suggested a common origin for basophils and mast cells. In a case of mast cell transformation of chronic granulocytic leukemia, the authors have studied the morphology and peroxidase activity by three classical technics, of circulating mast cells and transitional "basophil/mast cells." These results were compared with those of blood and bone marrow basophils and those of cutaneous mast cells. In both mast cells and "transitional basophil/mast cells," peroxidase activity was revealed in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and granules. This activity was detected in unfixed cells and in tannic acid-aldehyde-fixed cells but not in 1.25% glutaraldehyde-fixed cells, where the staining appeared only in the granules. The comparison of this activity with that of normal basophils and mast cells suggests that the proliferating cells in this case possess at the same time the peroxidase activity of basophils and mast cells.
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PMID:Peroxidase activity in circulating mast cells in blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Comparative studies with basophils and cutaneous mast cells. 301 90

A simple procedure is described for eliminating non-specific staining with avidin-peroxidase conjugates. Murine ovaries were embedded in either paraffin wax or epoxy resin and, after blocking endogenous peroxidase activity, were treated with 10 micrograms/ml biotinylated Pisum sativum agglutinin. Avidin-peroxidase conjugates (5 micrograms/ml), diluted in standard 0.05 M tris-buffered saline, pH 7.6, containing 0.139 M NaCl, produced considerable background coloration and intense mast cell staining in controls without the lectin. This background diminished as the ionic strength of the buffer was raised. At 0.125 M Tris-buffered saline (containing 0.347 M NaCl) the background was completely unstained, with elimination of all binding to mast cells and only minimal loss of specific lectin binding.
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PMID:Elimination of the non-specific binding of avidin to tissue sections. 303 94


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