Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old male patient developed generalized argyria following the intake of silver-proteinacetyltannate (Targesin; approx. 60 g in 10 years) as treatment for gastric discomfort. On histological and ultrastructural examination of the skin, silver particles were found not only in the usual locations but also in the Schwann cell, the mast cell, and in smooth muscle cells. This corresponded to chemical analysis, proving the presence of this metal in the skin. In the blood, a level of 0.26 +/- 0.04 ppm silver was found. By means of an equation, attempts were made to demonstrate the reaction process involved in the formation of Ag2S as subjected to the photochemical effect of sunlight.
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PMID:[Argyria. A clinical, chemical analytic and micromorphologic study]. 342 29

An autopsy case of systemic mastocytosis without cutaneous involvement in a 76-year-old woman was described. The patient presented with general malaise, chest and epigastric discomfort, flushing of the face and progressive hepatosplenomegaly, and she terminated in hemorrhagic complications of DIC within 2 months. There was neither rash nor urticaria pigmentosa recognizable in the entire course. The diagnosis was made by the histologic identification of abnormal aggregates of mast cells in a bone marrow aspirate. These mast cell granules were chloroacetate esterase-positive, peroxidase-negative, and electronmicroscopically they were composed of fine granular materials containing variable numbers of lamellar structures. At autopsy, diffuse infiltration of the mast cells was found in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adrenal glands.
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PMID:Systemic mastocytosis without cutaneous involvement. 355 89

Aquagenic pruritus is a disease in which itchy prickling skin discomfort is evoked by contact with water at any temperature without observable cutaneous lesions. Little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis. Previous reports show that increased levels of blood histamine and cutaneous mast cell degranulation are present before water exposure and that they increase still further with water challenge. This paper shows that fibrinolytic activity is markedly increased both before and after water exposure, while circulating fibrinolytic activity is normal before water exposure in three cases of aquagenic pruritus. A patient who was asymptomatic at the time of the study had no observed increase in fibrinolytic activity either before or after water challenge, suggesting that the remission of symptoms of aquagenic pruritus and normalization of cutaneous fibrinolytic activity are interdependent factors.
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PMID:Increased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity in aquagenic pruritus. 377 Oct 51

Human nasal turbinates were cultured in the presence of 3H-glucosamine, which is incorporated into nasal mucous glycoproteins. Nasal mucous glycoprotein was then characterized biochemically, and the effects of various neurohormones and immunologic stimulation on mucous glycoprotein release were analyzed. Fractionation of nasal mucous glycoprotein by gel filtration chromatography revealed a molecular size range of 2 to 200 X 10(5) (as judged by protein markers) but displayed a single, acidic charge, as reflected both in a narrow elution pattern from DEAE-cellulose and a sharp isoelectric focusing point of 2.6. Highly enriched nasal mucous glycoprotein preparations consisted of 80 per cent carbohydrate and 20 per cent protein (by weight) and included enzymatically cleavable carbohydrate side chains with molecular weights of 1,600 to 1,800. Thus, nasal mucous glycoproteins are a family of molecules that express uniform acidic charge characteristics and a wide range of molecular sizes. Cholinergic stimulation of atropine-inhibitable muscarinic receptors increased nasal mucous glycoprotein release in a dose-related manner, as did alpha-adrenergic stimulation. However, beta-adrenergic stimulation did not affect mucous glycoprotein release. Immunologic stimulation of nasal mast cells by either reversed anaphylaxis or antigen challenge after passive sensitization caused both histamine release and increased mucous glycoprotein release. Thus, nasal turbinates provide an accessible source of tissue for the analysis of nasal mucus secretion and mast cell degranulation and may provide a model for the study of pharmacologic approaches to the universally experienced discomfort of rhinorrhea.
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PMID:Analysis of human nasal mucous glycoproteins. 620 99

A technique to take sequential tissue biopsy samples in multiparous, periparturient ewes from the abomasal mucosa is described, developed in parallel in Scotland and New Zealand. Samples were extracted via abomasal cannulae inserted into the wall of the abomasum and exteriorised through dorso-ventral laparotomy. Animals recovered quickly post-surgery, and tolerated the cannula and sampling without any adverse signs of pain or discomfort. The technique was deployed in two pilot studies to investigate the sequential mucosal inflammatory cell responses in well-defined parasitological models, during the periparturient relaxation of immunity in ewes infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and subjected to different feeding treatments. One experiment (Moredun Research Institute, Scotland) involved the infection of twin-bearing ewes with Teladorsagia circumcincta L3 either before, or after lambing. By feeding ewes with different levels of protein supplementation, preliminary data on the impact of nutrition on the eosinophil, mucosal mast cell and globule leucocyte responses during this period were investigated. A similar study was also performed at Lincoln University, New Zealand, to investigate these cell responses in sheep fed relatively high or low protein diets during pregnancy, and infected with a combined immunisation regime of T. circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis L3. These studies confirmed the phenomenon termed the periparturient relaxation in immunity (PPRI) where a transitory increase in faecal egg counts is observed during late pregnancy and lactation, and this effect was exacerbated during protein undernutrition. Although the number of animals was low in each experiment and the cell responses variable, the results together suggest a reduction in the number of mucosal mast cells and globule leucocyte during the PPRI when protein supply was restricted. The present paper thus describes a successful technique to monitor ovine mucosal cell populations during local immune responses in normal and pregnant sheep. It is envisaged that this technique will be a powerful adjunct to investigations into mucosal immune mechanisms and disease pathogenesis, and will be employed to confirm the influence of dietary protein on the local inflammatory cell responses during the PPRI.
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PMID:The sequential analysis of local inflammatory cells during abomasal nematode infection in periparturient sheep. 1474 Nov 35

Allergic conjunctivitis is in actuality a group of diseases affecting the ocular surface and is usually associated with type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Two acute disorders, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, exist, as do 3 chronic diseases, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. The ocular surface inflammation (usually mast cell driven) results in itching, tearing, lid and conjunctival edema-redness, and photophobia during the acute phase and can lead to a classic late-phase response (with associated eosinophilia and neutrophilia) in a subset of individuals. As is the case in other allergic diseases, a chronic disease can also develop, accompanied by remodeling of the ocular surface tissues. In severe cases the patient experiences extreme discomfort and sustains damage to the ocular surface. For such cases, there is no highly effective and safe treatment regimen. Topical administration of corticosteroids is used in severe cases but is associated with an increased risk for the development of cataracts and glaucoma. Thus there is a worldwide search for new biotargets for the treatment of these diseases. Here we provide a brief update of the clinical symptoms associated with these diseases, the rationale for disease classification, recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases, and an update on both preclinical and clinical advances toward refined therapies for these diseases.
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PMID:Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment. 1563 56

A 60-year-old male was bitten by a venomous snake (Vipera ammodytes) and gradually developed signs of an allergic reaction including generalized itching, generalized rash, and chest discomfort. This was followed by severe retrosternal pain with electrocardiographic evidence of an inferior myocardial ischemia progressing to acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzymes and troponin, serum tryptase, and histamine were elevated. Coronary arteriography showed normal coronary arteries. This is a characteristic type I variant of Kounis syndrome, which is the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation including allergic or hypersensitivity reactions as well as anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. This is the first report to show that viper bites can induce allergic angina and/or allergic myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Hypersersensitivity and Kounis syndrome due to a viper bite. 1661 60

Measurement of visceral sensitivity in animals is mainly based on 'pseudoaffective' responses, which are brain stem reflexes. For example, in female, but not male rats, acute partial restraint stress induces hypersensitivity to colorectal distension. Mucosal mast cell density increases in rats after nematode infection or maternal deprivation, and both also induce colon hypersensitivity. Significantly, the proximity between nerves and mast cells has been found to be increased in adult rats submitted to maternal deprivation. Protease activation of the proteinase-activated receptor-2 also increases visceral nociception in rats, suggesting that an increase in paracellular permeability may be the primum movens in several animal models of visceral hypersensitivity. Accumulating evidence suggests that sensitization of visceral afferents is not restricted to the presumed nociceptor population, suggesting that most of the mechanosensitive afferent population can contribute to visceral discomfort and pain. Other inflammation-produced changes (e.g. subunit composition of purine-gated P2X channels) in visceral sensory neurones may also contribute to visceral hypersensitivity. This article discusses use of in vivo strategies (and transgenic mouse models) to reveal putative roles in mechanosensitivity and sensitization for molecules not previously considered to have mechanosensory functions.
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PMID:In vivo and transgenic animal models used to study visceral hypersensitivity. 1728 May 83

Chronic pruritus of any origin is a frequent discomfort in daily medical practice, and its therapy is challenging. Frequently, the underlying origin may not be identified and symptomatic therapy is necessary. Conventional treatment modalities such as antihistamines often lack efficacy, and hence new therapeutic strategies are necessary. The neuronal mechanisms underlying chronic pruritus have been partly identified during the past years and offer new therapeutic strategies. For example, mast cell degranulation, activation of neuroreceptors on sensory nerve fibres and neurogenic inflammation have been identified to be involved in induction and chronification of the symptom. Accordingly, controlling neuroreceptors such as cannabinoid receptors by agonists or antagonists showed high antipruritic efficacy. Pruritus is transmitted to the central nervous system by specialized nerve fibres and sensory receptors. It has been demonstrated that pruritus and pain have their own neuronal pathways with broad interactions. Accordingly, classical analgesics for neuropathic pain (gabapentin, antidepressants) also exhibit antipruritic efficacy upon clinical use. In summary, these recent developments show that highlighting the basis of pruritus offers modern neurophysiological and neurochemical therapeutic models and the possibility to treat patients with refractory itching of different origin.
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PMID:Neurophysiological and neurochemical basis of modern pruritus treatment. 1807 80

The eosinophil-mast cell-neural pathway may be important in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders characterized by unexplained abdominal pain, disordered defecation, or meal-related discomfort. There is evidence that duodenal eosinophils are increased in functional dyspepsia, whereas mast cells are increased in the lower gut in irritable bowel syndrome, directly supporting a role for a hypersensitivity-type reaction in these disorders. The trigger may be a pathogen, food, or other allergen in the gut mucosa. This trigger may evoke eosinophils, mast cells, and other components to cascade to up-regulate serotonin release, with modulation of the enteric and central nervous systems, creating a vicious cycle. If correct, this theory suggests treatment should specifically target the eosinophil-mast cell pathway.
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PMID:Functional gastrointestinal disorders and the potential role of eosinophils. 1849 26


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