Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed as a possible pathogenetic mechanism for migraine and cluster headache. Antidromic stimulation of trigeminal fibers causes plasma protein extravasation, mast cell activation and degranulation, vacuolation and increase in endothelial vesicle number within post capillary venules in rat dura mater. The antimigraine drugs sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine block the development of plasma extravasation and ultrastructural changes, as well as plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increase in the superior sagittal sinus following electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation. Sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine bind with high affinity to the 5-HT1D/1B receptors, thus suggesting that their neurogenic antiinflammatory activity is mediated by activation of 5-HT autoreceptors present on sensory fibers innervating blood vessels in dura mater.
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PMID:The trigemino-vascular system and migraine. 137 7

Neurogenic plasma extravasation, endothelial cell activation (increase in vesicle number and vacuole formation), platelet aggregation and adhesion, and mast cell degranulation occur selectively in post-capillary venules of the dura mater following electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation, and are mediated by release of neuropeptides from perivascular unmyelinated C fibres. Pre-treatment with the antimigraine drugs dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan, two drugs that bind with high affinity to 5-HT1B/1D receptors, markedly attenuated plasma protein extravasation induced by electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation. Trigeminal stimulation increased plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in rat superior sagittal sinus. Pre-treatment with dihydroergotamine and, to a lesser extent, sumatriptan, attenuated this increase. Both drugs reduced morphological changes in post-capillary venules and mast cells within dura mater following electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation. Plasma protein extravasation was selectively blocked in dura mater (but not in extracranial tissues) by pre-treatment with those receptor agonists showing a rank order of potency suggesting a 3-HT1B/1D interaction (5-CT greater than 5-BT greater than DHE greater than sumatriptan greater than 8-OH-DPAT). Pre-treatment with 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonists was not effective. Taken together, these data are consistent with the interpretation that putative 5-HT-1B/1D receptors located on sensory fibres are coupled to inhibition of peptide release and blockade of neurogenic inflammation. An important therapeutic action of ergot alkaloids and sumatriptan in migraine headaches is so defined.
Cephalalgia 1991 Sep
PMID:Evidence for 5-HT1B/1D receptors mediating the antimigraine effect of sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine. 166 Mar 51

A 48 year old male patient presented with maculopapular rash, pruritus, peptic ulcer disease and attacks of headache and vertigo. Rubbing of the cutaneous lesions led to urticarial whealing which is indicative of abnormal mast cell proliferation in the cutis. Histologic evidence of abnormal mast cell proliferation in biopsy specimens of skin and bone marrow led to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Treatment with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists was started.
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PMID:[Maculopapular rash, pruritus, upper abdominal pain, attacks of dizziness]. 174 78

Using fluorescence histochemistry, 5-HT, histamine and heparin were colocalized in a large population of cells in the dura mater thereby identifying them as mast cells. In addition, because these cells were highly sensitive to compound 48/80 and were densely packed with granules of a consistent density, they were identified specifically as 'connective tissue' mast cells. Other types of mast cells, i.e. 'mucosal' or 'neurolipomastocytes', were not present in the rat dura mater. 5-HT immunohistochemistry was the best technique for demonstrating that there were populations of mast cells, one associated with each of the two layers of dura. Although shaped differently the type of mast cell in each layer was the same. It was observed that mast cell shape is dependent on the contiguity, density and orientation of its surrounding elements, not its type. In general, mast cells in the outer layer were aligned parallel to the middle meningeal artery and those in the inner layer were parallel to trigeminal nerve branches that coursed obliquely across the middle meningeal artery. Examination of cross-sections of dura revealed that most mast cells also were aligned at the interface between the two dural layers. The linear orientation of mast cells in two planes of each layer suggests a programmed lamellar seeding of these cells during development of the dura. This study also demonstrated that the majority of dural mast cells were more closely related to other connective tissue elements than to blood vessels and nerves. These results (1) are compatible with the suggestion that dural mast cells play a non-obligatory role in the neuroinflammatory response, (2) leave open to question the role of the dural mast cell in headache or the regulation of blood flow, and (3) support evidence that dural mast cells play an important role in connective tissue related functions, e.g. development, inflammatory response to injury and wound repair.
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PMID:Linear arrays of homogeneous mast cells in the dura mater of the rat. 186 85

The origin, density, and distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers in the supratentorial dura mater of the rat were examined in detail in the current study by using wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) retrograde tracing procedures, glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemical staining of dural whole mount preparations. Application of WGA-HRP to the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent areas of the supratentorial dura mater labeled numerous neurons in each of the left and right superior cervical ganglia. Glyoxylic acid and DBH immunocytochemical staining of fixed dural whole mount preparations revealed prominent plexuses of sympathetic nerves about the middle meningeal artery and its branches, about the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses, and "free" within the dura mater, i.e., apparently unassociated with any vasculature. Significantly, in all of these areas, the density of sympathetic innervation revealed in this study was considerably greater than that previously demonstrated by other workers. An impressive population of mast cells also was observed within the dura mater of the glyoxylic acid-treated preparations. The majority of these cells were perivascular; however, a significant number were also present within the dura unrelated to the vasculature, and occasional cells were seen in close apposition to fluorescent sympathetic nerve fibers. Taken together, the identification of a robust sympathetic plexus and prominent mast cell population associated with a dura mater that also receives significant sensory projections from the trigeminal system raises interest regarding the functional interactions of these elements. These observations warrant further consideration regarding their role in the pathogenesis of vascular headache and head pain.
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PMID:Sympathetic innervation of the supratentorial dura mater of the rat. 248 Mar 72

Mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an increase in the number of tissue mast cells and a concomitant increase in mast cell-derived mediators. To demonstrate the spectrum of skin disease in mastocytosis in the pediatric population, five children with mastocytosis and complaints of urticaria (4/5), bullae/vesicles (3/5), abdominal pain (3/5), flushing (2/5), headache (1/5), and bone pain (1/5) are reviewed. Confirmation of the diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis was obtained by histologic examination of a biopsy of lesional skin; however, mast cell numbers in lesional skin did not correlate with plasma histamine levels or the extent of cutaneous involvement. Mastocytosis is a diagnosis that must be recognized in the differential diagnosis of pediatric urticarial diseases.
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PMID:Mastocytosis in infants and children: recognition of patterns of skin disease. 292 86

Behavioral, physiologic and exertional fatigue is differently defined, though symptoms are similar. The beneficial effect of amantadine on fatiguability in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by neuropeptide and lactate changes in the circulation. Exercise sometimes overwhelms temperature regulating mechanisms and may be associated with heat stroke. Endogenous opioids are markedly increased in the circulation during heat stroke and the use of specific opioid antagonists therapeutically has been proposed for heat stroke. Sympathetic activity changes in endurance trained subjects and vasoconstrictor responses are markedly attenuated. Similar changes occur in parasympathetic function which can be abnormal in up to 90% of endurance trained subjects. Hormonal secretion during prolonged exertion is altered and the normal signals (inhibiting or activating feedback mechanisms) are different in endurance trained subjects. Altitude, associated with acute mountain sickness, is also accompanied by an increase in cranial bloodflow. Circadian and temporal variation in autonomic function are manifest by changes in mast cell numbers and 5-HT containing nerve fibers in temple skin of patients with cluster headache. The remission rate induced by vagal stimulation in subjects with intractable hiccups is also affected by circadian hormonal or neurogenic influences.
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PMID:The autonomic nervous system and fatigue. 296 78

Chronic urticaria can be produced by a number of stimuli that cause mast cell mediator release. Patients with urticaria caused by physical agents account for roughly one-fifth of all cases of chronic urticaria. There are about 20 different types of physical urticaria. Two forms, dermographism and cholinergic urticaria, are quite common and represent more than two-thirds of all cases of physically caused urticaria. More than one agent may precipitate urticaria in a given individual. Urticarial response can be easily reproduced in the sensitive patient and, generally, lasts less than one hour. Systemic features such as flushing, dizziness, headaches, and even hypotension, may occur during severe episodes. Identification of the causative physical agent is necessary for effective therapy.
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PMID:Physical urticarias. 817 38

An increasing number of persons say that they get cutaneous problems as well as symptoms from certain internal organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart, when being close to electric equipment. A major group of these patients are the users of video display terminals (VDTs), who claim to have subjective and objective skin- and mucosa-related symptoms, such as pain, itch, heat sensation, erythema, papules, and pustules. The CNS symptoms are, e.g. dizziness, tiredness, and headache. Erythema, itch, heat sensation, edema and pain are also common symptoms of sunburn (UV dermatitis). Alterations have been observed in cell populations of the skin of patients suffering from so-called "screen dermatitis" similar to those observed in the skin damaged due to ultraviolet (UV) light or ionizing radiation. In "screen dermatitis" patients a much higher number of mast cells have been observed. It is known that UVB irradiation induces mast cell degranulation and release of TNF-alpha. The high number of mast cells present in the "screen dermatitis" patients and the possible release of specific substances, such as histamine, may explain their clinical symptoms of itch, pain, edema and erythema. The most remarkable change among cutaneous cells, after exposure with the above-mentioned irradiation sources, is the disappearance of the Langerhans' cells. This change has also been observed in "screen dermatitis" patients, again pointing to a common cellular and molecular basis. The results of this literature study demonstrate that highly similar changes exist in the skin of "screen dermatitis" patients, as regards the clinical manifestations as well as alterations in the cell populations, and in skin damaged by UV light or ionizing radiation.
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PMID:Skin changes in "screen dermatitis" versus classical UV- and ionizing irradiation-related damage--similarities and differences. 941 15

The aim of the present study was to examine whether mast cells have the same variations as the related catecholaminergic nerve fibers. Chemical sympathectomy or surgical removal of right superior cervical ganglion induced a rapid decrease of fluorescence in both nerve fibers and mast cells, as confirmed by quantitative analysis (nerve fibers 19 +/- 1.1 vs 1.3 +/- 0.6; mast cell 10.8 +/- 1.9 vs 2.1 +/- 0.3). The results of quantitative analysis after nerve fiber stimulation (electrical), however, showed an increase of the fluorescence in both the nerve fibers and the mast cells (nerve fibers 43.4 +/- 2.4; mast cells 18.6 +/- 1.6). Moreover, we found that the basal zone is more innervated (regarding catecholaminergic nerve fibers) than the apical one, and that the fluorescence level decreases passing from the vasal zone to the perivasal and intervasal zones. Further studies are needed in order to clarify the role of fluorescent nerve fibers and mast cells of cerebral dura mater in cephalalgia.
Cephalalgia 1998 May
PMID:Cerebral dura mater and cephalalgia: relationships between mast cells and catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the rat. 964 88


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