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Query: UNIPROT:P15088 (mast cell)
 14,925 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mast cell, located at mucosal surfaces and surrounding venules, is uniquely positioned to respond rapidly to insults to the host by mediating the development of a wide-ranging inflammatory response. Activaton of the mast cell releases preformed granule-associated chemical mediators and generates de novo biologically active materials. The properties of the mast cell mediators permit development of both acute and prolonged inflammatory responses. the immediate response is characterized by edema and the delayed response by leukocyte infiltration and vascular damage. the mast cell mediators responsible for these inflammatory events are characterized functionally. The vasoactive/smooth muscle reactive mediators include preformed histamine and serotonin and newly-generated platelet activating factor, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and prostaglandins. Chemotactic mediators include eosinophil-selective ECF-A and ECF-oligopeptides, neutrophil-selective NCF, and lipid chemotactic mediators with broad specificity. These factors induce directed migration and localization of leukocytes. The mast cell releases the structural proteoglycan, heparin, which is anticoagulant and inhibits complement. Released mast cell enzymes include chymotryptic and tryptic proteases, arylsulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hexosaminidase. The proteolytic enzymes may activate inflammatory pathways while the others degrade ground substance. The capacity of the mast cell to enhance vascular permeability, to cause the influx of regulatory or inflammatory leukocytes, and to provide a variety of active enzymes permits regulation of inflammatory events at the site of tissue injury.
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PMID:The lung mast cell: its physiology and potential relevance to defense of the lung. 610 56

Kay and his colleagues [1] have suggested that the neutrophil high molecular weight chemotactic factor ( NCF ) found in the serum of patients suffering from a variety of allergic diseases is mainly derived from mast cells and is therefore an indicator of mast cell activation. We have studied some of the properties of NCF obtained from patients with atopic extrinsic asthma and compared it with N-formyl-1-methionyl-1-leucyl-1-phenyl-alanine (FMLP), a chemotactic peptide [2]. A number of differences between FMLP and NCF were observed. In contrast to FMLP, checkerboard analysis showed that NCF caused random migration of neutrophils. In addition microscopic analysis of neutrophil locomotion in response to FMLP demonstrated the characteristic pseudopod formation. Furthermore, it was found that in contrast to FMLP, NCF did not cause the release of lysosomal enzymes from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils. These results suggest that NCF has chemokinetic rather than chemotactic properties.
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PMID:Properties of a high molecular weight neutrophil chemotactic factor, possibly derived from mast cells: evidence for chemokinetic rather than chemotactic activity. 637 6

Idiopathic acquired cold-induced urticaria has provided a model to study release of mast cell-derived chemical mediators into the blood and alterations of neutrophilic leukocyte motility. A factor chemotactic for neutrophilic leukocytes appeared in the circulation after local experimental challenge with ice. After partial purification by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and by anion and cation exchange chromatography the neutrophil chemotactic activity was excluded on Sepharose 4B gel filtration, indicating a molecular weight in excess of 750,000. On isoelectric focusing it exhibited a neutral isoelectric point. This chemotactic factor showed preferential chemotactic activity for neutrophils and deactivated these cells in vitro and in vivo. HMW-NCF may prove to be a useful marker of mast cell activation and its release may modulate the capacity for motility of neutrophilic leukocytes in humans.
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PMID:High molecular weight neutrophil chemotactic factor: recognition, characterization, and role in the deactivation of neutrophillic leukocytes. 739 8